فصلنامه اعتیاد پژوهی
پیاپی 26 (تابستان 1392)

The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship of self-efficacy, impulsivity, behavioral activation-inhibition system (through of the effect on social skills) with substance abuse in high school students. Population of present research was all of boy high schools in first and second grades of Ardabil city that 616 students selected of them randomly. Self-efficacy scale, impulsivity scale, behavioral activation-inhibition scale, Matson social skills and substance abuse were administered among selected sample. Based on the resulting of Path analysis, self- efficacy, impulsivity, behavioral activation-inhibition and social skills variables directly and self-efficacy, impulsivity, behavioral activation variables indirectly related significantly to students’ substance abuse scores. The result are in keeping with findings of other studies, and indicated that high levels of impulsivity, and behavioral activation system, and low level of self-efficacy, behavioral inhibition and social skills increases substance abuse in students.

The main aim of this research is the survey of addiction and drug abuse and psychotropic drugs prevalence researches which have been done in our country in last decades To do this research all addiction and drug abuse prevalence researches that have been taken place were collected and analyzed. the results of the researches show that the statistics of addiction has been in an oscillation; as in 1390, the survey in 15 to 64 years old people (according to 1385 census that is 50 million people), is equal to one million and three hundred thousand and twenty five persons. the results of the four decades of addiction prevalence in Iran show that in according to the size of the threat of drugs and psychotropic drugs and addiction prevalence and also the change of gender, matrimony, age, job and the level of addicts education, less attention has been given to the drug abuse prevalence researches in public, youngsters, students and governmental and governmental non- officials.

The aim of this study was to compare of clinical, familial, personality, and educational factors in consumers/non-consumers of Methamphetamine. The research method was descriptive in kind of causal effect research method. The population was all 15 to 29 years adolescents and young adults in Tehran city. Thus, 300 adolescents and young adults who were addicted to Methamphetamine selected of juvenile institution, a legal practitioner and addiction treatment centers, and 300 adolescents and young adults who do not addicted to Methamphetamine selected by stratified random sampling. Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI2) and researcher making questionnaire were used as a research instruments. the results showed that Methamphetamine consumers have had higher clinical symptoms, less scores on control and kindliness in their families, and higher scores on anxiety, emotional arousing, aggression and less on responsibility. The research results have practical implications in clinical counseling services and training to families.

Present study has been conducted to construct and validate a scale for assessing of the effective factors of drug abuse tendency among youth. A descriptive method has been used. In this research 408 addicted young adults aged 16-29 years old selected of addiction treatment centers of Razavi Khorasan province during December 2011 till June 2012 by purposive and sequential sampling. For gathering data, 78 items researcher-made questionnaire was administered among selected sample. The face and content validity of scale were approved by the specialists in psychology and sociology. Also, second-order confirmatory factor analysis was used to estimate the construct validity. Result of the research declared that total structure of scale with its three dimensions namely: personal, interpersonal and environmental and social factors for measuring of effective factors of drug abuse tendency. The reliability coefficient of the scale by using of Cranach’s alpha coefficient was 0.94. The results indicated that this scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring effective factors of drug abuse tendency among youth and it can be used in the same statistical population.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of life skills training on enhancement of quality of life, and Coping Styles in Methadone maintenance Therapy members. In this pseudo experimental study 64 males selected and assigned randomly in two groups (experimental and witness). Both groups completed quality of Life and Coping styles questionnaires in two phases as a pre and post test. The results indicated that scores of experimental group was significantly higher on Task-oriented and Emotion-oriented. Also scores of experimental group was significantly higher on interpersonal relationship, physical health, and life requirements. It seems that life skills training in addiction patients enhance quality of life and effective coping styles.

This study aimed to predict coping strategies based on the characteristics of the stimulants-dependent people. The research method was correlational. The population consisted of all stimulant-dependent individuals (n=402) that consecutively admitted to addiction centers of Tehran over the last year and had a drug dependence diagnosis. By systematic sampling, 201 subjects were selected of this population. The NEO personality inventory (NEO-FFI short form) and Lazarus-Folkman’s coping strategies (WCQ-short form) questionnaires administered among selected sample. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between the personality dimension of neuroticism and coping strategies of avoidance, disengagement, and a negative one with continence. There is a positive correlation between the personality dimension of extroversion and avoidance, seeking social support and a negative one with (assuming) responsibility. Also there is a positive correlation between the personality dimension of compatibility with restraint coping strategies and seeking social support. Conscientiousness personality dimension did not predict any coping strategies in stimulus-dependent patients. Personality traits can predict coping strategies in stimulus-dependent individuals. For the treatment of addicted patients paying attention to evaluation of the patients’ characteristics is suggested.

The aim of current research was to assess implicit and explicit memory bias to drug related stimuli in opiate Dependent, abstinent and normal Individuals. Three groups including opiate Dependent, abstinent and normal Individuals (n=25) were selected by available sampling method. After matching on the base of age, education level and type of substance use all participants assessed by recognition task (explicit memory bias) and stem completion task (implicit memory bias). The analysis of data showed that opiate dependent and abstinent groups in comparison with normal individual had implicit memory bias, whereas in explicit memory only opiate dependent individuals showed bias. The identification of explicit and implicit memory governing addiction may have practical implications in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of substance abuse.

The aim of present research was to study of the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on enhancing of self-esteem and self-efficacy in addicted women who were under therapy. The research method was semi experimental research design namely: pretest-posttest with witness group. The population consisted of all addicted women who were referred to Ayandeh Roshan recovery addiction camp of Isfahan city during summer in 1391. By available sampling, 30 women selected and divided randomly to two experimental and witness groups (N= 15, per group). Experimental group received eight sessions of 90 minutes based on group counseling sessions following motivational interviewing style. For gathering data, Cooper Smith’s self-esteem and general self-efficacy questionnaires administered among two groups. The results indicated the effectiveness of motivational interviewing. It can be concluded that motivational interviewing has had enhancing effect on self-esteem and self-efficacy among experimental group.

Risky decision making is one of the most basic mechanisms of impulsive and addictive behaviors. The purpose of present study was the comparison of risky decision making in opium abuser and healthy matched individuals. In present cross sectional study, 50 opium abusers compared to 50 healthy who were matched on age and gender. Balloon Analogue Risk Taking Task was used for evaluation of risk taking in participant of both groups. The results showed that opium abusers have had higher scores on number of plumbing balloon and exploded balloon in BART task than normal individuals. Opium abusers have higher risk taking than normal individuals.