فصلنامه جغرافیا
پیاپی 41 (تابستان 1393)

Excessive growth of towns and cities is caused by a variety of factors and forces that can be traced in correlated chain. In fact, one of the most dramatic and well-known factors involved in the process, is in one hand, the unwelcomed movement of population, and in other hand, inappropriate centralization of amenities and resources in the cities, especially in metropolitan areas. The two related phenomena, namely urban sprawl and gobbling (up) the scarce natural resources, considered as complementary to the process of irregular growth of urban centers, are closely linked in deterioration of peripheral rural lands. If in fact most insufficiencies of metropolitan areas are not caused by these two phenomena, many fundamental urban environmental problems and physic-spatial issues can be traced in their background effects. This article besides reviewing these phenomena, discusses some measures which instead of helping to sustain urban environments, lead to more complexities and disordered and uneven urban spaces. The Darband-Kashanak Axis, including 15 former rural distinct spheres, is an example of deterioration of natural landscapes, caused by inappropriate and unplanned sprawl of metropolitan areas. The results of the study reveal that the expedite growth of metropolitan area, through rapid constructions in the area, have changed dramatically the local indigenous harmonic landscape, containing a beautiful and fertile section of well-known landscape of alborz mountains, into a conflicting and perverted urban space. Continuation of this process, led not only to disordered physiognomy of this axis, but in near future would metamorphose its natural and cultural vision.

Lack of emergency equipment’s and facilities to rescue mission crews as well as lack of access in Iran’s rural settlements and the isolation of rural entities with respect to security services have led to many casualties and damages. Taking into consideration the uneconomic nature of fire station location in rural areas, optimum location of decision may result in an increase in efficiency and security of these places. This study aims to assign the appropriate villages for locating fire station in Bookan. This in turn, requires the investigation of present status of villages regarding these security and emergency measures. This demands the application of ANP. The research method is based on descriptive – analytical method. Our community target is all of Bookan villages out of which six villages were selected. This study suggests that the current statuses of these security services are very un-appropriate and do not follow scientific pattern. Moreover, Dashband, Noubar, Gelolan and Javanmard possess high priorities regarding security locational measures as opposed to Sarighamish and Nachit which possess the least priorities.

Rural tourism is one of the important subparts of tourism. This part of tourism can a development strategy to improve the social and economic well being of rural areas. Thus, the planners must know rural tourism as motor growth and put it in their rural development program. This research with offering Synthetic model In Rural Tourism Development Planning tries to get through and use of field – documentary method in data collection and analytic – descriptive study in central area of Boyerahmad province, and with fulfillment models of Z-score and taxonomic analysis, by using of GIS, SPSS, Excel softwares to the setting layer, to promoting a higher grade, recognition of the level rural spaces for tourism industry development in research scope at a result space structural dominant in 29 tourism scopes and priorities has on the assessment of abilities into the process of rural tourism space development until it is used in zone scale. In this case executed strategies were offered in structural and spatial organization development governs on rural tourism scope.