Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:23 Issue: 11, Nov 2018

Package inserts (PIs) can be a source of information for patients, especially when clinicians do not provide adequate consultations to the patients. Terefore, for the frst time, we investigated the state of PIs in Iran and evaluated patients’ attitude toward PI. In this descriptive study, conducted in a major teaching pharmacy in Isfahan, Iran, in 2016, 100 patients who presented a prescription were interviewed randomly and all medications in their medication bags were examined. Te main outcome measures were whether or not the dispensed medications were accompanied by a PI and the behavior of patients in reading these PIs. From the 237 medication items investigated, 129 (54.4%) were dispensed with a PI. Eighty?four percent of patients read the PIs and only 19% stated reading a non?Farsi PI. Te level of education was the only signifcant factor related to reading the PI (P = 0.02). Reading the side e?ects was the main reason for reading the PI (64%). PIs were considered useful by 83% while 25% kept PIs as a source of drug information. Experience of fear to take the medication after reading the PI was reported by 47%. About half of medications were dispensed along with the PI. Although the majority of patients report reading the PIs and consider them useful, confdence in using the medicine may be diminished after reading the PI. Patients with higher
education read the PIs the most

Te objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of weight loss with hypocaloric diet and orlistat treatment in
addition to hypocaloric diet on gut-derived hormones ghrelin and obestatin. A total of 52, euglycemic
and euthyroid, obese female patients were involved in the study. T e patients were assigned to two groups: Group 1 (n = 26)
received hypocaloric diet alone and Group 2 (n = 26) received orlistat in addition to hypocaloric diet for 12 weeks. Anthropometric
measurements, serum lipid, insulin levels, and obestatin and ghrelin values were assessed at the beginning of the study and after
12 weeks of therapy. Baseline clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters including serum ghrelin and obestatin
concentrations and ghrelin/obestatin ratio were similar between the two groups. After 12 weeks, mean change in BMI, fat mass, and
fat-free mass (FFM) were -1.97 ± 1.56 kg/m2 (P = 0.003), -2.63% ±2.11% (P = 0.003), and -1.06 ± 0.82 kg (P = 0.003), respectively, in
Group 1. In Group 2, mean change in BMI was -2.11 ± 1.24 kg/m2 (P = 0.001), fat mass was -3.09% ±2.28% (P = 0.002), and FFM was
-1.26 ± 0.54 kg (P = 0.001). However, fasting glucose, lipid, and insulin levels did not change in Group 1. Furthermore, except serum
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels, no significant change was observed in Group 2. Although serum ghrelin
and obestatin concentrations increased significantly in both groups (Group 1: pGhrelin: 0.047, pobestatin: 0.001 and Group 2: pGhrelin:0.028, pobestatin: 0.006), ghrelin/obestatin ratio did not change significantly. When the changes in anthropometric assessments and
laboratory parameters were compared, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Furthermore, no correlation
was observed between ghrelin or obestatin and any other hormonal and metabolic parameters. Weight loss with diet
and diet plus orlistat is both associated with increased ghrelin and obestatin concentrations

Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common and most malignant of the glial tumors that begins primarily in brain tissue. Genetic background could be considered as an important predisposing factor in GBM. Autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR) is a cytokine receptor that participates in a lot of physiologic and pathologic processes like: Cellular motility and metastasis. So, it seems that this protein has an essential role in pathophysiology of several cancers and could be a potential diagnostic and or therapeutic target in GBM. Te aim of this study is to investigate the association of AMFR (rs2440472, rs373191257) gene polymorphism and GBM in a representative Iranian population. Tis study includes 81 cases of GBM and 117 control subjects. After DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction ? high resolution melting reaction was performed. For each single nucleotide polymorphisms, 12 samples were selected for sequencing. Data was analyzed using Chi?square test and Logistic regression. For rs2440472, frequency of GG genotype in the case group was increased compared to the control group (51.9% vs. 34.2% respectively, P = 0.013). After adjusting for sex and age by logistic regression our results were the same (P = 0.017, odds ratio = 2.056). Allelic frequencies for rs2440472 among cases and controls were not signifcantly di?erent (P = 0.058). For
rs373191257, genotypic and allelic frequencies were not signifcantly di?erent between two groups. Our results showed
the possible association between the AMFR rs2440472 gene polymorphism with susceptibility to GBM

Although posttraumatic endophthalmitis is an uncommon condition, it causes severe complications, so medical and pharmacological interventions for prevention of endophthalmitis after trauma are a major concern. Te aim of this study was to evaluate the efcacy and clinical outcome of oral cipro?oxacin versus intravenous cefazolin/gentamicin for the prevention of endophthalmitis after penetrating ocular trauma. Tis was a retrospective, descriptive single?center study, including all cases of penetrating ocular trauma seen in the Feiz Hospital, a Tertiary Referral Eye Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, between 2011 and 2017. Data systemically recorded for each patient included clinical, ophthalmological, and demographic fndings by a trained medical record abstractor or ophthalmologist reviewing patient records. Six hundred and forty?fve patients in cefazolin/gentamicin and 273 patients in oral cipro?oxacin groups were included in the study. Our study showed that the incidence of endophthalmitis was not signifcantly di?erent between the two groups (P = 0.463). In patients with either sharp or blunt penetrating ocular trauma. Oral cipro?oxacin as a prophylactic treatment could prevent posttraumatic endophthalmitis as e?ective as injectable cefazolin/gentamicin. Due to easier consumption of oral cipro?oxacin and lower systemic complications, in all patients with penetrating eye trauma, oral administration of cipro?oxacin is preferable to intravenous or intramuscular types of antibiotics to reduce the risk of posttraumatic endophthalmitis

Tis paper presents the protocol and primary fndings of pregnancy cohort population?based study in Isfahan,
Iran. In this cohort, 418 pregnant and 438 nonpregnant women were enrolled. In the frst phase, serum
concentrations of thyroid?stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid peroxidase antibody,
and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) were measured. Furthermore, the thyroid ultrasound was also performed. According to the results of thyroid function tests in the frst phase, local reference range for TSH, FT4, and FT3 in pregnant and nonpregnant women are determined. Te 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles are determined as limits of the reference ranges. In the second phase, all pregnant women underwent prenatal care visits in each trimester and they followed for 7 days after delivery and the pregnancy outcomes
data are reported. Te mean ± standard deviation for TSH, FT4, FT3, and UIC in the frst trimester of gestation was 1.84 ± 1.32 mIU/L, 1.01 ± 0.15 ng/dL, 4.50 ± 0.64 pmol/L, and 172.0 ± 90.29 ?g/L, respectively. In nonpregnant women, these values for TSH, FT4, FT3, and UIC were 2.58 ± 1.77 mIU/L, 1.10 ± 0.21 ng/dL, 4.49 ± 0.57 pmol/L, and 190.0 ± 109.6 ?g/L, respectively. Te results of the present study could contribute to establish a local thyroid function tests reference ranges in the frst trimester of pregnancy. It could possibly be e?ective on making a local reference value to prevent of thyroid disease misdiagnosis
during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Advantage of using local sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) is still challenging. In the current study, the effect of lidocaine spray versus lidocaine viscous solution for pharyngeal local anesthesia during UGE has been compared: Tis is a randomized clinical trial conducted on 130 patients conducting UGE in 2013. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of viscous lidocaine solution (Group V) and lidocaine spray (Group S). Patients’ tolerance, satisfaction, pain/discomfort, and anxiety (based on 11-point numerical score scale) and ease of endoscopy were compared. Ease of procedure, patients’ tolerance, and patients’ satisfaction were not statistically different between two groups (P > 0.05). Patients’ pain/discom ort and anxiety during endoscopy were significantly different between groups (P < 0.05). As a conclusion, there was not any difference between two groups except for pain, discomfort, and anxiety that was higher in those who administered spray that might be due to the method of usage

This study aimed to use social network analysis (SNA) indicators and clique analysis to investigate collaboration between different departments and research centers in Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (JRMS) in 2012–2016. The study was a scientometric study using micro? and macro?indicators of SNA to investigate the performance of departments and research centers in JRMS. The population consisted of 1073 articles published in JRMS in 2012–2016. Ravar Matrix, UCINET, and VOSviewer software were used for data analysis. According to the productivity and triple centrality indicators, “Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,” “Department of Pathology,” and Department of “Internal Medicine” allocated the first three ranks. Analyzing the cliques of co?authorship network for departments
and research centers showed that this network consists of 19 cliques with at least 7 membersin each clique. Furthermore, only 30 nodes (8.90% of all nodes in the network) had the presence in minimum clique size of at least 7. Given the importance and position of scientific collaboration in medical research and its effect on other performance indicators such
as efficiency, effectiveness, and number of citations, it is necessary for policy?makers to propose new strategies for improving scientific collaboration

Cancer is the second most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Tis study aimed to epidemiologically and demographically assess common cancers in children in Iran.

Tis cohort study was conducted on children registered in Mahak Hospital and Rehabilitation Complex (which is a non-governmental organizations (NGO)-related hospital for only malignant diseases). A total of 2232 questionnaires were flled out for cancer patients between 2007 and 2016. Te factors including age, gender, race, family history, type of treatment, and type of cancer were entered into Cox regression model to examine their e?ect on mortality of children diagnosed with cancer.

Te Cox regression model showed that age, race, type of cancer, family history of cancer, and type of treatment had a signifcant e?ect on mortality of children diagnosed with cancer (P < 0.05). Te hazard ratio (HR) of mortality in 10–15 years old was higher than that of 1–5 years old (P = 0.03, HR = 1.3). Te HR of mortality in patients with brain tumor (P < 0.01, HR = 2.24), sarcoma (P < 0.01, HR = 2.32), and neuroblastoma (P < 0.01, HR = 2.56) was twice the value in patients with leukemia. Te HR of mortality in patients who had a family history of cancer was higher than that of patients without it (P < 0.01, HR = 1.33). Patients who had undergone chemotherapy along with surgery and radiotherapy (P = 0.02, HR = 0.68) and patients who received chemotherapy along with surgery (P = 0.01, HR = 0.67) had a lower HR of mortality compared to the chemotherapy group.

Young age, multidisciplinary approach, and absence of family history were associated with lower hazard of death in children diagnosed with cancer; brain tumor, leukemia, and sarcoma had higher hazard of mortality compared to leukemia. Children with a family history of cancer should be under regular follow-up. Treatment
should be multidisciplinary and comprehensive.