فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 23 (پاییز 1389)

Values are considered the most powerful determinant factor in the cultural and social system of societies and play a crucial role in explaining، controlling، directing and predicting individuals'' acts. They also determine and direct the way people orient، act and interact with each other. There-fore، based on Ronald Ingleheart''s theory of value transformation and oth-er theories، the present paper intends to examine the conditions of people’s value orientation in the population investigated in order to investigate cultural changes in Bandarabbasian citizens. The data for this study were obtained from 393 questionnaires completed by parents and children in the city of Bandarabbas through direct interview method. The analysis of the data re-vealed that respondents (both parents and children) had material value orientation. Thus، it may be concluded that people give higher priority to material values. Furthermore، the res-ults show that younger individuals، compared to older ones، give more priority to Meta material values. Hence، according to the findings of this study، it seems that people prefer material values and their value priority is more inclined toward this kind of values. Moreover، it appears that the province of Hormozgan is still experi-encing the hard dimension of develop-pment and it is still far away from soft dimension of development.

The aim of this article is to study the effect of developmental idealism on the gap between the attitudes of mothers and their daughters towards marriage and family. This research is a survey carried out via a self-adm-inistered questionnaire completed by 400 female students and their mothers in Tabriz University. A statistical sa-mple was selected using”Proport-ional Stratified Sampling” method. Findings reveal that there is a noti-ceable gap between mothers and their daughters attitudes towards marriage and family. Mothers are more traditional in their attitudes toward the preferred age for marriage، husband selection، separa-tion and divorce، favourable marriage conditions، decision-making ability in the family، family relations and fav-ourable conditions of child-bearing. However، their daughters show more modern attitudes. Developmental ide-alism is found to have a direct and positive effect on the gap between mo-thers، and their daughters، attitudes towards marriage and family: an increase in the developmental idea-lism results in a more modern pers-onal attitude.

Nowadays، teenagers’ abnormal beh-avior is an important problem in the field of pathology. Family plays an important role in the society’s instit-utions. It internalizes conformity with social norms، acceptable in the soci-ety، in children and teenagers thoro-ugh the establishment of educational and behavioral models. If families can’t transfer to and institutionalize in their children these social norms، their children’s behaviors will not be in con-formity with established social nor-ms، and will hence be considered abnormal. The role of schools is evident in transferring acceptable social norms and values. Teenagers’ affiliation with schools، and their participation in school activities are important factors in their deviant behavior. This research is an attempt to review and study different approaches، but mainly the sociological approach، in this field. It uses the survey method، randomly choosing 426 teenage girl students between 14 and 18 years of age in the city of Tehran to study a sample of Iranian society. Applying the multivariable regression method، the research shows that each one of these variables would separately have a noticeable effect on research dependent variables. As a whole، most of the independent variables had significant relations with the depen-dent variables. Therefore، the research model was confirmed by the results of the study.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of parenting style on the prediction of Addiction Susceptibility (AS) in children. The present study pl-ans to investigate whether different parenting styles lead to shaping vari-ous addiction susceptibility in child-ren. Participants were 304 single male and female students of Islamic Azad University at Khoy Branch. Particip-ants were between 19 and 26 years of age and were chosen using Stratified Random Sampling method. Data were gathered using the add-iction susceptibility questionnaire-student version (ASQ-SV) and the parenting style questionnaire (PSQ). Data were analyzed using multiple regression and partial correlation. The results show that paternal and mate-rnal authoritative parenting style (PS) has a negative and significant relation-ship with children’s AS. Authoritative PS is a reverse and significant predict-tor of children’s AS. Father’s and mo-ther’s authoritarian PS has a positive and significant relationship with their children’s AS. Authoritarian PS is a direct and significant predictor of children’s AS. Parents’ neglectful PS has also a positive and significant relationship with children’s AS. Mother’s neglectful PS is a direct and significant predictor of children’s AS. Father’s neglectful PS، however، is not a significant predictor of children’s AS. Permissive PS does not show a significant relationship with children’s AS. The present study introduces authoritative PS as the most efficient style in terms of reducing AS and authoritarian and neglectful PS as the most inefficient styles in terms of increasing AS. Thus، Parents training should be the main goal of drug demand reduction program (DDRP).

This article introduces the Iranian Couples Interaction Coding System (ICICS)، which is an observational method for evaluating the quality of couple''s interactions. The coding syst-em was based on the Specific Affect Coding System. Problem-solving، dec-ision making and reviewing conversa-tion about a shared pleasure event in the past interactions of 31 distressed and non-distressed couples were vide-otaped. Findings showed that the ICICS is a reliable and valid measure of Iranian couples'' interactions. Results from this study reveal an association to exist between ICICS and marital satisfaction; i. e. the higher the positive interaction of couples in the ICICS، the more the marital satisfa-ction is. Results of the discriminant analysis also show that ICICS can pr-edict marital satisfaction and dissatis-faction with high degree of accuracy using the positive and negative inter-acttions. The ICICS has 23 codes: 15 negative codes، 1 code for neutral affect، and 7 positive codes for each person to ass-ess the verbal and nonverbal behaviors of both speakers and listeners. 11 co-des out of 15 negative codes are sim-ilar to other coding systems («Disg-ust»، «Contempt»، «Belligerence» -، «Do-mineering»، Criticism «،» Anger «،» Te-nsion «،» Tense Humor «،» Defensive-ness «،» Sadness «، and» Stone-wall-ing«). However، several catego-ries were introduced into the ICICS which either have not been reported in previous (Western) studies، or have not been considered of importance to be in a different code or category. For instance، quality of communication about»Family-of-Origin «plays a very important role in distinguishing bet-ween distressed and non-distressed Iranian couples. Other codes that were added to this system include “Family Contempt”; such as “Contempt، Critic-ize، Disagreement and Disputing tow-ard each other families”، “Contempt toward her/him self”، “Condemning the Relationship”، and “Gender Rul-es”. Positive codes include positive codes in other coding systems as well as using» We«to talk about couples as a unit in their relationship. This study highlights the importance of cultural components، especially the importance of family ties، in Iran.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the Transact-ional Analysis (T. A.) Method in inc-reasing marital compatibility of in-compatible couples. The method de-sign applied is one of quasi exper-imental. 16 married couples (32 wives and husbands) were chosen randomly amongst 54 couples who volunteered to participate in a pre-test/ post-test design purposefully. Then they were matched on their scores and were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. The couples in the experimental group participated in 10 weekly sessions، each lasting for 2 hours. The measurement instrument used in this research was Spanier''s 32-item dyadic adjustment scale (DAS، 1976)، which was performed individually in an accurate controlled condition in the pre-treatment، post-treatment and foll-ow up stages. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with rep-eated measurement design، the indep-endent t-test، and drawing graphs. Results indicated that the TA method increased marital compatibility، dy-adic satisfaction، dyadic cohesion، dy-adic consensus and affectional expre-ssion of the experimental group coup-les compared to the pre- treatment condition and to the control group. It is then concluded that T. A.، emphas-izing self-knowledge and activating behaviors derived from “adult ego”، is an effective intervening method for removing marital disagreements and improving adjustment between inco-mpatible couples.

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of anger management training on anger self-regulation skills and parent- adolescent conflicts in girl adolescents of Tehran. In this study، a pretest-posttest design with a control group was used. The population of the study was all 6th and 7th grade girls at schools in the city of Tehran. A sample of 30 students was selected from two schools in Tehran and was assigned to two control and experim-ental groups. Two questionnaires measuring trait and state anger and parent- adolescent conflicts were administered. then، the anger management program including ten 90-minute sessions on a weekly basis was delivered to the experime-ntal group. During the course of the sessions، one student in the experime-ntal group dropped out and was excluded from the study. A matched member in the control group also was excluded and the sample size was reduced to 28 students. Both groups completed the questionnaires again. The results of the research revealed that there was a significant difference between the two groups (α= 0. 05)، in terms of anger self-regulation skills and parent-adolescent conflicts. In other words، anger management traini-ng increased anger self-regulation ski-lls and decreased conflicts between parents and adolescents.