فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 32 (زمستان 1391)

The efficacy of a parent-training program based on “Strong Willed Chi-ldren” for promoting mother’s paren-ting practices and decreasing children-n’s behavioural problems was exami-ned among families with 4-6 years old children.A sample of 25 volunteer mothers (mean age=30) and their children from play houses were collected and assign-ed into intervention (n=13) and comp-arison (n=12) groups. Parents comp-leted measures of Children’s Reports of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRP-BI; Margolies & Weintraub, 1977;) in-cluding three dimensions of acceptan-ce/rejection, psychological autonomy/ psychological control, firm control/ permissive control; and Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI; Eyberg & Ross, 1978). Intervention group parti-cipated in a 6 -session of Parent train-ing program weekly. The results sho-wed that Parent training program significantly improved the parenting practices and firm control of mothers in experimental group. No significant differences was found in other dime-nsions of parenting practices and chi-ldren’s behavioural problems among two groups. Explanations for obtai-ning different outcomes for behavio-ural problems and some dimensions of parenting based on cultural differe-nces, measurements and length of the programme were discussed.

The main purpose of this research was to study comparatively the relation-ship between gender beliefs and the family function of Kurdish and Fars students. Correlational research method was employed in order to examine the relationship between variables. 200 stu-dents from each ethnicity (100 male 100 female) and in total 400 students were selected from university of Kermanshah and Shahid beheshti University based on convenience sampling.Mean of scores for family function subscales and gender roles were com-puted and compared for independent samples. Also Pearson Correlation Coe-fficient between family function com-ponents and gender beliefs were mea-sured. Findings revealed that there was not any signifycant relationship between gender roles’ beliefs and family function in Fars students. In Kourd students, significant relationship between andro-gynous belief and problem solving factor was found. Also we obtained sig-nificant relationship between the abso-lutely feminine belief and problem sol-ving, affective involvement, affective responsiveness, behavior control, and family general function. Comparison of the family function of Kurdish with Fars indicated significant differences betw-een groups in affective involvement fa-ctor. Based on the obtained findings, it can be concluded that national and cul-tural elements are effective elements that can impact the relationship between gender believes and family function. It also can be imagined that Kourds and Fars families are different in affective involvement criterion between their members and showing their interests and sentiments to the other members of the family.

This study examined the developme-ntal origins of perfectionism. As such, the role of mothers’ perfectionism and family communication patterns in nor-mal and neurotic perfectionism of daughters was investigated in a group of 200 year 12 high school girls. Participants completed multidimensio-nal perfectionism scale (Frost, Marten, Lahart & Rosenblate, 1990) and fam-ily communication patterns (Fitzpatr-ick & Ritchie, 1994). Instruments showed good reliability and validity. Findings indicated that normal and neurotic perfectionism of mothers’ predicated normal and neurotic perfectionism of daughters. Also, conformity orientation as one dimension of communication patterns positively and significantly predicted neurotic perfectionism in daughters. In general, findings approve transgener-ational of perfectionism and indicate that parents’ personality characristics and interactions of family members provide the context for the deve-lopment of perfectionism that might be neurotic or normal. Other findings have been discussed in research.

Spirituality and faith are powerful aspects of human experience. So, it is important to consider the relation betw-een faith, beliefs, and marriage. The pu-rpose of this study was to compare the relationship between religious orienta-tion and practical commitment to relig-ious beliefs with marital adjustment among seminary scholars and Yazd uni-versity students. Research sample consi-sts 200 subjects including 50 student couples and 50 couples of seminary scholars collected via available samp-ling method from Yazd University and seminary scholars. Research instruments included: 1) Religious Orientation Sca-le 2) Test of Practical Commitment to Religious Beliefs, and 3) Dyadic Adj-ustment Scale. Correlation analyses sho-wed that a relationship between religi-ous orientation and marital adjustment. Marital adjustment has positive correl-ation with religiosity and negatively ass-ociated with unconstructed religiosity. Also there was a relationship between practical commitments to religious beli-efs with marital adjustment in the gro-ups. Relationship between practical co-mmitments to religious beliefs with ma-rital adjustment was higher than relatio-nship between religious orientation and marital adjustment. the results of indep-endent T-test analysis, showed signify-cant differences between university stu-dents and seminary scholars in terms of religious orientation, practical commit-ent to religious beliefs and marital adju-stment. Also, practical commitment to religious beliefs, marital adjustment and religious orientation in seminary school-ars were higher than students. Marital adjustment in seminary scholars was higher than students due to marital satisfaction because religious persons have faith beliefs. We conclude that fai-th beliefs impact marital satisfaction, marital adjustment conflict solving, and forgiveness. Negative beliefs about div-orce and the believe that god supports marriage, may explain the relationship between commitment to religious beliefs and marital adjustment.

The purpose of this research was to study the association between adult attachment styles and self differentia-tion with marital satisfaction. Using cluster sampling, 209 married students (110 male & 99 female) of Tehran Un-iversity were randomly selected. The data were collected using three Que-stionnaires: The adult attachment style scale (Colins & Read 1990), differe-ntiation of self inventory (Skowron & Smith, 2003), and Enrich marital satis-faction scale. Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, analysis of variance and hierarchical regression analysis (stepwise) were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that students who had secure attachment style, were significantly higher on marital satisfaction than tho-se with avoidant and anxious styles. It was found that there is a positive sig-nificant correlation between self diff-erentiation and marital satisfaction and there was no difference between men and women on self differentiation but men had a higher marital satisfaction than women. It was also observed that more secure attachment is associated with higher self differentiation. In ad-dition, results showed that I- position, emotional cutoff, emotional reaction, dependency and gender variables are the best predictors of marital satisfa-ction accounting for 52.7% of va-riance. The research emphasizes on the importance of experiences at origi-nal family in shaping the subsequent intimate relationships and marital sat-isfaction.

This study examined the effect-tiveness of emotionally focused co-uple therapy (EFT) and integrated sys-temic couple therapy (IST) on resol-ving intimacy anxiety. For this purp-ose, 30 couples were randomly selec-ted and based on their pretests were assigned into two experimental and one control groups. Research instru-ments were Fear of Intimacy Scale (FIS) (Descutner & Thelen), and The Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) (Spa-nier, 1976).A Nine-session of EFT was conducted for one experiment group and eight sessions of IST for the other. The control group did not receive any treatment. These three groups compl-eted post test at the end of the experiment, and follow-up test 3 mon-ths later. Results indicated that EFT and IST significantly decreased intim-acy anxiety in couples, and the treatm-ent effect was consistent after 3 mon-ths follow-up.

The present study seeks to describe the degree and reasons of agreement or disagreement with advancement and doing Temporary Marriage (TM), as well as to explore the association between socio-demographic variables and agreement or disagreement with TM. The universe of study was all of 18-49 years old men and women who were residents of Babol and Babolsar cities in the Mazandaran Province.The subjects of the study were 336 respondents who have been selected on the basis of availability sampling method.This descriptive study is conducted via survey method and data has been collected through self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive findings of the study show that only 9.4 percent of respondents were agree with advancement of TM as a solution for marriage problem of youth in Iran. Furthermore, 26.5 percent of them were inclining to doing TM personally, as opposed to 58.3 percent who were not inclined. The most important reasons for ag-reement with advancement of TM were helping to; prevention of sexual deviance, decreasing financial pressu-res on youth and achieving more kno-wledge about future mate by them for doing permanent marriage. But, abuse of women by men, weakening the fou-ndations of family, and advancement of sexual deviance were the most important disagreement reasons. Mor-ever, analytical findings show that men, employees, and high income individuals had more inclination for doing TM. It seems that there is a gap between religious purposes of TM with social acceptance of it by social agents