فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 33 (بهار 1392)

Over the past four decades, age at first marriage has been increased considerably in Iran, particularly among females. In addition, recent evidence indicates an increase in premarital heterosexual liaisons among young people. This paper is based on the finding of first phase of the survey of a cross-sectional mix-method study which aimed to assess the influence of experience of premarital heterosexual liaisons on marriage among university students in Tehran in 2011. This paper specifically aims to examine the influence of premarital heterosexual liaisons on marriage age and desire In the first phase of the survey, 2031 university students aged 18-40 from among 7 universities (both public and private) in Tehran were selected using two stage stratified cluster sampling method. Data collection was completed between January 2010 and May 2011 using an anonymous self-administer valid and reliable questionnaire. The mean age of respondents was 22.5, 12% were married with a mean age at marriage of 27(SD=6.32). The influence of premarital heterosexual relationships on marriage age was assessed among married and on desire to marry among single students. The results show that after control of gender, economic and cultural situation of the family, the experience of progressive (sexual) relationship between opposite sex is one of the determinant factors of marriage age among university students. Reporting experience of progressive premarital heterosexual relationships and intimacy are associated with about two years delay in marriage (b-coefficient=1.7, P<0/05) Moreover, There is a gender difference in the relations between premarital heterosexual relationships and desire for marriage. So as, both heterosexual friendships and intimacy was significantly linked with greater desire for marriage among females, while among men, only progressive intimacy was inversely linked with desire for marriage. Men with greater experiences showed lower desire for marriage, while premarital heterosexual friendship was not associated with marital desire and propensity. The changes in trends of premarital heterosexual relationships among young people and recent types of partnerships needs to be considered more than before in evolution of marriage and the family in Iran and also differing implications of such relationships between men and women needs greater consideration.

This Study, according to cognitive-behavior approach, tries to investigate the role of relationship beliefs and relationship skills in couple's marital satisfaction. To do so, 160 persons (80 couples) from Tabriz were selected. After establishing the motivation for participation in the research and getting their informed consent, they were asked to fill out Relationship Beliefs Questionnaire (RBQ), Mor-adi's marital relationship skills questi-onnaire and marital satisfaction questi-onnaire (ENRICH). The results showed that there was significant difference between husban-ds’ and their wive's marital satis-faction. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that relational skills and marriage duration were, respectively, significant predictors of husbands’ marital satisfaction. Also, relational skills and some of relational beliefs- such as "things should always be perfect between us", "we should do everything together" and "romantic-cism", had significant contribution in prediction of wives’ martial satisfa-ction, respectively. Contributions of other relational beliefs were not significant. These results clarified the role of relational shills and relational beliefs in marital satisfaction, and confirmed that cognitive-behavior approaches, through training relational skills for couples, and therapeutic interventions to change wive's irrat-ional beliefs would be effective in treating marital problems.

Chronic pain makes parenting more difficult as mothers with chronic illnesses such as LBP, RA or MS have to manage pain and disability of chronic illness and parenting simultaneously. Therefore coping has an important role to reduce the tension of chronic illness and to improve parenting in mothers with chronic pain and main goal of present study is comparing relational coping strategies in mothers with LBP, MS, RA, and control group. Sample size is consisted of 67 patients with LBP, 50 patients with RA, 32 patients with MS, and 32 non-patients. All mothers participated in semi-structured interview of relational coping strategies Results demonstrated that there is a significant difference between four groups in relational coping strategies of self-care, engaging the child, requesting assistance from others (social support), self-preservation parenting and distraction. Results indicated that mothers with RA, MS and LBP utilized self-care, requesting social support, self-preservation parenting and distraction more than control group. Non-patient mothers engaged their children in activities more than patient groups. Results are consistent with previous research that mothers in chronic pain use pain management copings more frequently and reduce their parenting activities.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of parenting style on prediction of children's attach-ment style. To achieve this aim, the study investigates whether different parenting styles (authoritative, autho-ritarian, permissive and neglectful) Leads to shaping various attachment styles (secure, fearful, preoccupied and dismissing) in children? 508 high school adolescent boys and girls with the age range of 14-19 participated in this study and were selected through Stratified Random Sampling method. Data were gathered through Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ) and Atta-chment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). In order to analyze the data, the researcher used Multiple Regression statistics. The results showed, Autho-ritative, authoritarian, neglectful and permissive parenting styles have positive and significant relationships with secure, preoccupied, fearful and dismissing attachment in children respectively and are considered as direct and significant predictor of them in children. The present study, with emphasize on fundamental role of parenting styles, recommend learning of authoritative parenting style and correction of authoritarian, neglectful and permissive parenting styles to parents in family setting.

The purpose of present study was investigated the relationship and pred-ictability of school connectedness through parent and peers attachment in adolescence. For this reason, 387 male students of second grade of high sc-hool were chosen through cluster sampling method and completed a survey consisted of Parent Peers Attachment Inventory (IPPA) and School connection Scale (SCS). The results of stepwise regression show predicting of school connect-edness based on parent and peers atta-chment. Among attachment subscales, communication whit peers and parent have the most power to predict school connectedness. The relationship betwe-en Peers alienation and parent alien-ation with school connectedness is significantly negative.In general, sec-ure attachment to parent and peers co-uld be considered as a factor for sc-hool connectedness.

This research carried out with the purpose of determining role of women’s emotional energy and economic situation in power structure in family and coercive trends consequence of it in Abdanan. Subject of power in family is one of the considered problems in Sociology. In this way role of two differential factors (emotional energy and economic situation) is thinkful. Research method was survey and population were all of married women in Abdanan that were selected 400women as a sample size with performance of multy stage cluster sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. In this research power structure considered as a mediator variable. Research finging showed that there is significant and direct relation between emotional energy and power structure in family but there isn’t significant relation between economic situation and power structure in family. Relation between variables and coercive trends as a dependent variable is expressive of significant and direct relation between emotional energy and coercive trends. There is significant and reverse relation between economic situation and coercive trends and also significant and direct relation between power structure in family and coercive trends.

After the marriage, the spouses have some rights against each other, which are divided to financial or personal rights. Although personal rights belong to both the man and the woman, the financial rights, except the heritage, belong only to the wife which is imposed on the man. The dowry, the maintenance, donation, half the property of the man, remuneration belong only to the wife.After the marriage, different factors may affect the merit of the wife for these claims such as incapacity, bankruptcy or the insolvency of one of the man. Regarding the impact of these factors on the merit of the wife for these rights it should be said that in principle they do not affect this title, but in some cases it is possible. Depending on the kind of claim the effect differs. These factors may also affect the way to recover these claims, which, in any case, has got its own procedure. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to consider the effect of the bankruptcy and insolvency of the man on the merit of the wife and the way to recover these claims.