فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 45 (بهار 1395)

Extensive studies in the fields of culture and parenting in recent years have shown that parent’s goals and values of parenting lead to differences in their parental behaviors. This study was designed to observe Iranian mothers’ interaction with their children in a playing situation. This study was a qualitative study in which 30 pairs of mothers and children (15 girls and 15 boys) were selected purposely.To observe the parent-child interaction, a playing situation was designed and recorded by video camera. Observational data were analyzed based on qualitative analysis methods. Through coding and categorizing the observed data of the parent-child interaction, verbal (positive, negative and facilitator) and nonverbal (positive, negative and communicative) behavioral patterns were extracted and named by the investigator. Based on scoring the determined codes, facilitatorverbal behaviors and negative nonverbal behaviors were the most frequent. The mothers’ behavior that facilitated child’s playing process and diminished child’s practical and mental activities were named facilitator behaviors, and were the most frequent among Iranian mothers. Based on the same previous research, Iranian mothers’ parenting behaviors are similar to those of Japanese, Chinese and Latin mothers rather than American, British and Australian mothers.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of training mindfulness to mothers on improving parent-child relationship with subsequent self-efficacy in children. The statistical population of this research comprised of all first grade high school students with their mothers in the academic year of 1393-1394 in Baharestan town. Through cluster sampling method and interview, 24 students with their mothers selected as the research subjects and randomly divided to two groups of experimental (12) and control (12) groups. The questionnaire of parent-child conflicts of Straus (2002) (mother and child forms) and general self-efficacy questionnaire of Sherer et al (1982) were used. Mindfulness training on mothers of the experimental group con -ducted for eight 120-minutes weekly sessions. This study was designed as pretest-posttest with control group and followed up in 90 days. Data were analyzed through Covariance and variance analysis. The results showed that mindfullness training to the mothers improved parent-child relationships and its aspects (increasing reasoning skills and decreasing verbal and physical aggression) between mothers and sons. Also it was demonstrated that relationship improvement due to mindfulness training increased children’s self-efficacy.

Current study was aimed to investigate the effect of localized play therapy on reducing symptoms of attention deficiency and hyper activity/impulsivity in preschool children with ADHD. The method of this study was an applied semi-experimental study designed as pretest-posttest with control group. Twenty four mothers with ADHD children were selected through multistage sampling and randomly arranged in experimental or control groups. The experimental group participated in a 10 sessions Localized Play Therapy (LPT) intervention program, while the control group was on the waiting list. Assessment tools were the Vanderbilt ADHD Teacher Rating Scale (Wolraich, et al., 1997) and a semiorganized clinical interview. Data were analyzed by using a repeated measure analysis of variance. The results showed that there were significant differences between the control and experimental groups in attention deficiency and hyper activity/impulsivity scores of pre-test and post-test. In conclusion, it can be indicated that family oriented early intervention based on LPT is effective in reducing clinical symptoms of preschool children with ADHD. Therefore, this method can be considered as an effective therapeutic method for ADHD children by experts and parents.

The aim of this study was to compare social skills, mental health and academic performance in children with divorced, divorcing and intact parents. The study sample included 481 children with divorced parents and 419 children with divorcing parents, who were matched to 500 children with normal parents. The participants responded to the Matson's Social Skills Scale and Goldenberg's Mental Health Questionnaire. To assess the academic performance GPA was used. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Scheffe post hoc test. The Findings showed that children with divorced and divorcing parents had more average scores of the components of physical symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, depression and general mental disorder than those of children with normal parents. Also children with divorcing parents had more scores in components of social dysfunction, depression and general mental disorder than children with divorced parents had. Social skills scores and academic performance in children with normal parents were higher than those of divorced parents’ children and children with divorced parents had higher scores than children with divorcing parents. Hence, due to the harm and the conesquences of divorce on children, strategies for minimalizing these conesquences should be planed.

There are various traditional Islamic narratives in relation to treating children. The common understanding of these narratives allows for the corporal punishment of children in the family, although some narratives forbid parents from such behavior. With reference to traditional Islamic texts, the word “hitting” (Arabic: dharb) is the main and most frequently used word implying the permissibility of corporal punishment. An investigation of the use of the term “dharb” (Arabic: ÖÑÈ) in the Quran, traditional Islamic narratives and the Arabic language reveals different instances of a general sense of “occurence” which can denote “doing or carrying out”. On this basis, a wide range of usages for this word in absolute terms (without preposition) is conceivable with the meanings of protecting, financially supporting, guiding and nurturing children. It seems that limiting the meaning of dharb to corporal punishment in all traditional Islamic narratives without considering the other meanings has led to incorrect interpretations of such narratives.

Marriage is the starting point of founding a family in most societies, especially in traditional ones. This right has been mentioned in the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which is indicative of the indivisibility and inseparability of all human rights. One of the most important subjects in the formation of a marriage is that of marital age and conesnt to marriage, which is an international concern and international human rights law has addressed it.
Early marriage and any marriage performed without valid consent, have a negative impact on the individual, the family, and society. These pose an especially serious threat to the physical and psychological health of girls who are not physically mature enough as it "increases the risk of unintended pregnancy, maternal and newborn mor -tality and sexually transmitted infections. "This paper analyses the human rights dimensions of child marriage in detail with a look at the Iranian legal system’s approach to the issue.

This research administrated to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Relationship Assessment scale. Therefore, 315 married individuals (199 women and 116 men) from Tehran city were volunteered to respond to four scales: theRelationship Assessment, the Kansas Marital Satisfaction, the Oxford Happiness and the Life Satisfaction. Results from exploratory & confirmatory factor analysis showed that factor structure of Relationship Assessment scale was unidimensional.The internal consistency of the scale in the total sample was 0.88. Significant correlations between scores of the Relationship Assessment scale with the scores of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, the Life Satisfaction Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire demonstrated good convergent validity of the scale. Also, the results showed that there was no significant gender difference between the mean scores of relationship satisfaction. In conclusion, the Relationship Assessment scale is a valid and reliable tool to measure marital satisfaction in Iran.

The present research was aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas with sexual dysfunction. The method of this study was designed as non-experimental correlation type. From the statistical population of married female students of Islamic Azad University, Roudehen branch in 2013, 125 students were selected based on multistage random sampling and targeted method. Data were collected using the Hazan & Shaver’s Adult Attachment Questionnaire, the Young’s Schema Questionnaire- Brief Form and the Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ). The results indicated that there were significant correlations between the two variables of detachment and rejection and avoiding attachment style with sexual function. Thus, it can be told that the quality of early attachment and early maladaptive schemas can be correlated with sexual healthy function or dysfunction and later social relationships with peers and adults.