فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 52 (زمستان 1396)

Recently an increasing interest in studying and exploring the Iranian adoptive families has been evolved. Nevertheless, there are still frequent unknown factors about adoption in Iran. This study proceed to survey on characteristics of adoptive applicants due to programming and interventional needs in adoption counselling area. In this study, the descriptive survey method has been used and it involved all clients who referred to adoption counseling from March 2014 to March 2016. The clients were 411 adoptive applicants who atended in semi-structured interview. Among the clients, 78% of them aimed at the adoption institutionally and 22% have followed the process illegally. Nearly half of the marriage life of infertile couples were spent to seek for infertility services. The findings indicated that nearly 27 percent of applicants are ready for adoption and other applicants require more preparation or canceling adoption process. Adoptive applicant screening process is critical and sensitive and consulting services facilitate this process; but the important point is the use of standard instrument and check lists according to local and cultural conditions.

Adoption as a ground for the best interests of the child, focuses on finding a proper family for a child rather than a child for the family. Open adoption as a sort of adoption for protecting children claims that child’s access to the information of original parents and other identity features will provide child’s right to identity and include child’s best interest. On the other hand, despite rejecting adoption, Islam po-stulates child access to biological parents’ information due to protecting child’s The trace of this point of view is observable in the “Protection of children and Teenagers without Guardian or with Improper Guardian” Act (2013). This article is planning to find similarities and differences between the two supportive approaches. According to the findings, it is to say that both of the approaches, despite the fundamental differences, are convergent in presenting information about the child’s identity. In other sorts of adoption, the main plot is the child’s right to have access to the biological inform-ation as well, but in the open adoption approach, child can also contact to the primary parents beyond the mere inform-ation access.

This research was undertaken with the goal of investigating the impact of stress and anger management training on reduc-ing anger and stress of mothers whose children had autism spectrum disorders. The statistical population of this research included all mothers of children with auti-sm spectrum disorders who refer to Beh-ara center in 2015. Through convenience sampling method, 30 mothers were selec-ted as research sample and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 subjects/group). Research tools included Stress Response Inventory and Aggression Inventory. Stre-ss and anger management training was conducted on mothers of experimental group during eight 90-minutes weekly se-ssions. Pretest- posttest design within con-trol group was used in this study. Data was analyzed by Covariance. The results showed that anger and stress management training in parents reduces anger and its aspects (verbal aggression, physical aggr-ession, and impulsivity) also reduce stress and fiasco) in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders.

Due to the importance of user behavior in social networks especially in adolescents, the purpose of this study was investigating the amount, motivations and perception of consequences of using the social networks based on the quality of the relationship between attachment styles with perception of parental rejection and control in adole-scents. The population of the research included all of the 15-18 years old adoles cents of Tehran from which 146 students (77 girls and 69 boys) were chosen by clu-ster sampling and completed the Inventory of Parent & Peer Attachment, Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Control, and Social Network Using Checklist. The re-sults showed that the quality of the relati-onship with parents has a key role in prediction of the amount and the way of using the social networks and in addition could affect the consequences of using these networks. In addition, increasing of the parental control unexpectedly could not decrease the using of social networks. According to the results, it seems that although most of the adolescents are using the social networks, the relationship with parents can be critical in predicting the motives of using these networks.

The present study aimed to identify and compare cyberspace-induced damages in marital relationship in the city of Isfahan. The study was conducted through a com-bined method of exploratory-sequential approach (tool initiation). In qualitative phase of study the concepts and categories of cyberspace-induced damages were iden-tified by applying angulation technique and qualitative-purposive sampling meth-od (through interviews with spouses affect-ed by cyberspace, family counseling spe-cialists and studying documents). The concepts and categories included interpersonal problems (sexual problems, extramarital relationships, diminished inti-macy) and intrapersonal problems (inter-net addiction, change in lifestyle, threats in values). Then, the identified concepts and categories in the qualitative phase were applied to design the tool. After nor-malizing, the questionnaire was completed by 240 couples selected through the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The final results of the study indicated that the cyberspace-induced damages on marital relationship and its dimensions (intrape-rsonal problems and interpersonal proble-ms) were significantly higher in men than in women.

The purpose of this study was to predict marital satisfaction based on coping skills and time perspective. The research method was correlation and the statistical popu-lation composed of couples living in the 2nd district of Tehran. By convenience sampling method, 250 individuals were selected and were asked to complete the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, the Lazarus & Folkman’s Coping Styles Questionnaire and the Zimbardo’s Time Perspective Inventory. The results showed that 12.5% of variance of marital satisfa-ction can be explained by the time persp-ective and the use of coping strategies in couples. The findings also indicated that there was a negative association between emotional coping strategies and marital satisfaction; while, there was no signi-ficant relationship between problemorien-ted strategies and marital satisfaction. In examining the relationship between views of time and marital satisfaction, the results indicated that there was a negative signif-icant relationship between marital satisfa-ction with past negative view of time, present hedonistic and believing in present fatalistic. According to the results of t-test for gender differences, there was no signi-ficant difference between men and women in marital satisfaction, using coping strategies and time views.

Many factors, such as economic, cultural, social and family factors, are effective in divorce and initiating for divorce. The present study addresses the emotional interactions of couples and its role in emotional divorce and initiating for divorce. 30 married women who referred to one of the counseling centers of Tehran and who were at least in the second year of their marriage were selected through purposeful sampling. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and coded and analyzed by content analysis method. The results included seven groups of problems, including the changing of the unconditional acceptance to conditional acceptance, obligatory marriage without love and interest, lack of initial engage-ment, lack of sufficient time to express interest and affection for family, poor social interactions, sluggishness, and uns-olved emotional problems that were effecting the couple's emotional divorce and initiating for divorce. Negative emotional interaction of couples plays a key role in the creation and expansion of emotional divorce and initiating for divo-rce, and before marriage it is necessary to provide couples sufficient knowledge about such interactions and their role in harming marital life.