فصلنامه خون
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 52، تابستان 1395)

Autologous blood is the best choice for transfusion. This study was designed to evaluate knowledge and attitude of physicians about preoperative autologous donation (PAD) method and the role of training in its promotion.
Interventional Field study was conducted on 212 general practitioners and specialists in Hamedan city during Nov. 2009 to Oct. 2011. In the first step, the questionnaires of knowledge and attitude evaluation was filled out by the target group. Then, "face to face training" with the booklet was offered.
Specialists more than general physicians tended to read the booklet (80.8% compared with 65%). The average score of general practitioner's knowledge increased from 4.74 ± 1.63 (before intervention) to 9.07 ± 2.1 (after intervention) and specialist's knowledge from 5.30 ± 1.97 to 9.65 ± 1.64 that was statistically significant in both groups (p In the first step of this study, the knowledge and attitude of physicians about PAD method were very low and negative but the training intervention significantly increased the target group's knowledge; but the attitude change was obtained only in the group who had read the booklet beside being exposed to the face to face training.

Regarding to the high rate of accidents, events and different diseases which double the demand of blood donation, spreading the culture of blood donation is very important. For this reason, having knowledge of factors that play roles in blood donation is very important.
For this descriptive study, three questionnaires including life style (LSQ, Mohsen Lali et al, 2009), identity style (IsI-G6, Berzonsky, 1989), and belief system questionnaires (SBI-15-R, Holand et al,1998) have been used at random sampling of 90 blood donation volunteers and 90 non-volunteer ones. A T-test for independent groups has been used for data analysis.
The results of the study showed a mean of 345.71 and 322.36 and a standard deviation of 37.343 and 33.958 (p Based on the findings of the present study, it is important to know about the effective factors encouraging voluntary blood donation.

ackground and This study was designed to compare motives and psycho-somatic effects of blood donation between Tehran and Mahabad as two different cities on culture and socio-economic status.
This cross-sectional study was done in Winter of 2014 on 258 blood donors: 123 in Tehran and 135 in Mahabad. Some days were selected randomly for the donors to be asssessed on those days. The questionnaire contained 44 questions. We used descriptive statistics, mean comparison tests and chi-square using SPSS version 18 to analyze the data.
In this study, 242 men (93.8%) and 16 females (6.2%) participated. The motives for blood donation were altruism (Tehran and Mahabad 93% and 80%, respectively), positive effects on health (Tehran and Mahabad 66% and 80%, respectively), and the health evaluation of blood donors (Tehran and Mahabad 52% and 69%, respectively). Among the short term effects, being useful, alertness, mental peace, and happiness and among the long term effects, the work efficiency, health improvement, and stress reduction had a higher frequency; 6.4% of donors reported negative effects such as loss of work efficiency as an impediment to blood donation.
The main motivation of blood donation was altruism and positive effects of blood donation with the recent impetus asssessed to be higher in Mahabad than Tehran. Most reported effects were mind relaxation, consciousness, happiness, and good feelings with greater frequency in Mahabad than in Tehran.

Safe blood is one of the important necessities of clinical settings. Furthermore, blood donation has many benefits for donors. The purpose of this study was to assess the theory of planned behavior on blood donation behaviors of the staff.
In this cross-sectional study, 278 administrative staff in Arak city were selected by random sampling in 2014. The required data about the demographic characteristics and theory of planned behavior were collected by questionnaire. The two groups of blood donors and non-donors were then compared. The data were analyzed with t-test and Chi-square.
About 56 percent of the participants in this study were blood donors with only 14.3 percent being regular blood donors. The blood donor group was significantly higher than non-donor in age, years of service and body mass index. Moreover, blood donation rate in men was more than women (p The study showed that the level of knowledge, attitudes and perceived behavioral control in the blood donor group was significantly higher than the other. Therefore, it seems necessary to design training programs with emphasis on these constructs especially in young people and female staff.

Job satisfaction in any organization can lead to success and achievement. Blood centers require the staff with strong spirit to manage best the voluntary blood donors and do their best to ensure safe and adequate blood. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to assess job satisfaction of the staff of blood centers in Kerman.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 staff members of blood centers in Kerman province, southeast of Iran, in 1393. By census sampling method, 97 completed questionnaires were returned to the researchers. To collect the data, Job Descriptive Index (JDI) questionnaire was used. To analyze the data, the independent t-test and analysis of variance using SPSS v.18 software were used.
The study results showed the overall satisfaction of the staff was moderate (3.17 ± 0.66), with men and women being assessed 3.08 ± 0.08 and 3.23 ± 0.09, respectively. The greatest satisfaction pertained to co-workers (3.7 ± 1.05) and the lowest satisfaction to payments (2.35 ± 0.94) and job promotion (2.56 ± 0.1). The satisfaction levels of the staff about the work nature (3.17 ± 0.79) and the supervisor (3.5 ± 0.98) were similar to that of the overall satisfaction.
The results demonstrated that by paying more equitable salaries to the staff and promoting their job situation based on the meritocracy system, the degree of satisfaction can greatly increase.

Splenectomy creates complications such as sepsis, thrombosis, pulmonary hypertension, altered immune status in patients with thalassemia major. These patients undergo hemochromatosis complications with non-normative treatment. This study aims at determining the incidence of splenectomy, the average age of onset of blood transfusions and frequency of regular iron chelation therapy in patients with thalassemia Major in Iran conducted through Meta-Analysis method.
This study is based on documentations obtained from the databases including Magiran, Iran medex, IranDoc, SID, Medlib, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar from 1993 to 2015 and the standard keywords. Searches were independently carried out by two researchers. The data were combined using Random Effects Model through Meta-Analysis Method by Stata Ver.11.1 software.
In 21 studies, 4017 samples were analyzed. The incidence of splenectomy in patients with thalassemia major was estimated to be 38.8% (CI 95%:31.4-46.2). The minimum and maximum of this range were related to the West (25%) and the East (44%) of the country. The average age of onset of blood transfusions and frequency of iron chelation therapy were estimated to be 11.86 months (CI 95%:7.86-16.05) and 54.6 % (CI 95%:28-81.2), respectively.
Given that a large percentage of patients with thalassemia major are treated with irregular iron chelation therapy, it is recommended measures such as training and awareness-raising activities to be taken for thalassemia patients.

Beta thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disease. The synthesis of HbF in patients with β-thalassemia seems to ameliorate the severity of symptoms.
In this study, 150 β-thalassemia major patients, 34 thalassemia intermedia patients, and 50 healthy individuals as the control were studied. HindIIIG polymorphism in IVSII-I Gγ gene was determined using RFLP-PCR method. HbF levels with electrophoresis method were taken from clinical files. Then, the linkage disequilibrium of this polymorphism with XmnI polymorphism in 5' Gγ gene was determined by D' Power Marker software.
After data analysis, an association was observed between the A allele and thalassemia intermedia. In the dominant effect of the A allele (comparison between AA vs. CC), AA genotypes associates with intermedia thalassemia (p = 0.014, OR = 9.30, CI(95%) = 1.14-75.9) but there is no association with major thalassemia (p = 0.1, OR = 1, CI(95%) = 0.41-1.19). The means of HbF levels in β-thalassemia major and thalassemia intermedia patients were 94.3 g/dl and 84.4 g/dl, respectively. High linkage disequilibrium was seen between the two polymorphisms.
It is concluded that A allele may act as a dominant allele and increase disease amelioration. It showed that A allele of HindIIIG polymorphism has a positive effect on HbF level. Furthermore, the A allele of HindIIIG polymorphism is strongly correlated with T allele of XmII polymorphism in thalassemia intermedia patients and C allele of HindIIIG polymorphism is strongly correlated with C allele of XmnI polymorphism in β-thalassemia major.

Serum TG plays an important role in carcinogenesis and the LPL as a key enzyme that hydrolyses plasma TG involves in this process. Abnormal regulation and/or expression of LPL play roles in many human diseases such as atherosclerosis. Serum TG levels increase the risk of chylomicronaemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes; thus, in this study we reported LPL expression before and after BM-MSCs differentiation into adipocyte under controlled conditions.
MSCs from human bone marrow were isolated from 3 healthy people and then differentiated into adipocytes by chemical materials for 14 days. Then, total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and finally RT-PCR and Real Time PCR analysis were performed for LPL gene.
After 14 days, the analysis of morphology with invert microscopy indicated that BM-MSCs have the capacity of differentiation into adipocytes. BM-MSCs serving as the negative control do not have any expression of LPL while in BM-MSCs derived-adipocytes there has been the significant expression of LPL.
BM-MSCs can differentiate into either adipocytes or osteoblastic cells; LPL has the important role in the differentiation decision for either one. The inhibition or stimulation of LPL expression can be used for the treatment of various diseases including prostate cancer, aplastic anemia, and osteoporosis.

Recurrent spontaneous abortion is defined as pregnancy loss before the 20th week of gestation. In some women with history of consecutive miscarriage, thrombophilic gene mutations lead to blood clots in vessels in placenta, decrease oxygen delivery, and end to fetal loss. This study aimed to determine the association of 807C/T (GPIa gene) and PLA1/PLA2 (GPIIIa gene) polymorphisms in RSA.
In this case-control study, 50 women with the background of two or more consecutive unexplained abortions and 50 women with at least two live births without a miscarriage were selected in Tehran province and they were examined in Biology Research Center of Islamic Azad University¡ Zanjan (Iran) in 2014. The 807C/T and PLA1/PLA2 polymorphisms were analyzed by Tetra-Primer ARMS-PCR and PCR-RFLP methods, respectively. The results achieved from estimating the genotype of these polymorphisms were analyzed by the SPSS16 and Chi Square.
Compared to the control population, there was an increase in the prevalence of the homozygous 807TT genotype in the case group (p = 0.045), but the prevalence of homozygous PLA2/PLA2 genotype decreased in two groups (p = 0.467). We reported the prevalence of 807T/T and PLA2/PLA2 genotypes as (0.34 , 0.16) and (0.06 , 0.02) for patients and controls, respectively.
The results of the present study showed that 807C/T polymorphism has a correlation with RPA but there is no significant difference between patient and normal groups in PLA1/PLA2.

Unexpected alloantibodies in the sera of patients who have a history of blood transfusion or pregnancy were found; they caused complications in a patient following blood transfusion.
Case: A 30-year-old woman with a history of five abortions at months 7 and 9 and with a history of 4 units of blood transfusion in one of her pregnancies referred for screening tests at the week 19th of her pregnancy. In antibody screening and genotyping, 2 cells of the 3 cells of the triple panel and 8 cells of the 11 cells of the triple panel showed positive reactions at different temperature degrees, respectively. Selected Cells and Enzyme treatment were used for the final confirmation of antibody typing.
Conclusions :The studies show that the incidence of these alloantibodies is higher in the sera of patients who have a history of blood transfusion and recurrent pregnancies. Based on the results, it is recommended for the patients with anti-D and –E to receive blood components free of these two antigens.