نشریه مطالعات کاربردی تندرستی در فیزیولوژی ورزش
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1396)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Blueberry Consumption and high intensity interval training on plasma levels of TPA and PAI-1 in inactive obese menopausal women. Twenty four overweight and obese postmenopausal women were randomly into four groups including: 1.exterem periodic exercise +placebo 2. Use of blueberries supplement 3. High intensity interval training +use of blueberries supplement 4. Control group. High intensity interval training group (HIIT) were performed for 8 weeks and 3 session per week and consumers of blueberries supplement, supplement blueberries, water –soluble in water for 8 weeks at a dose of 50 g per day used. Physical composition, lipid profiles and plasma levels of tPA and PAI-1 were measured in 2 stages of pre and post –test. The result of the data analysis showed that after 8 weeks, HDL, TG changes in high intensity interval training group with placebo (P<0.05). However, VLDL, PAI-1 changes in high intensity interval training with placebo(HIIT+P) and also in high intensity interval training with supplementation of blueberries (HIIT+S) and cholesterol changes in the HIIT+P group and changes in HDL and VLDL were not significant in the HIIT +S group compared to placebo (P< 0.05). High intensity interval training with and without supplementation of blueberries play an effective role in reducing PAI-1 and improving lipid profiles in inactive obese menopausal women , however, do not effect plasma TPA changes.

brain derived neurotrophic factor not only important in the nervous system, but also in central and peripheral molecular processes that related to energy metabolism and homeostasis. Also irisin, a novel myokine that is secreted from skeletal muscles, has an important relationship between physical activity and health. Materials &

In this study, 20 overweight men that were randomly selected and equally divided into control and experimental groups. Blood samples were taken two times, before the start of training, and final samples, 48 hours after the end of the eight-week training.

Serum Irisin levels, after the completion of combined training than pre training significantly increased. Also, BDNF levels in the training group, after acute and chronic exercise training significantly increased. But significant correlation between the concentrations of Irisin and BDNF levels of the subjects was not observed.

Serum irisin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, influenced by physical activity. Irisin can cause metabolic and physiological changes within the body and play a protective role against conditions such as obesity that associated with inactivity. Likewise, brain-derived neurotrophic factor increased as a result of physical activity and also the critical role in the differentiation of neurons and mental health, do a key role in controlling body weight and energy homeostasis.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of short –term green coffee supplementation on fat oxidation during exercise. For this, 10 adult obese women with BMI>30 kg/m2 were selected. Subjects consumed 800 mg/day green coffee for 7 days. They performed an incremental exercise test on a treadmill before and after the supplementation period; Fatmax and maximum fat oxidation (MFO) were assessed during exercise, as well as, plasma glycerol before and immediately after each test. Data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA with repeated measures. There was no significant difference in the mean of Fatmax and MFO before and after the green coffee supplementation period (p>0.05). In the non-supplementation situation, plasma glycerol has a non-significant decrease after exercise but in the supplementation situation, it has a non-significant increase (p>0.05). Glycerol response to exercise had been significantly affected by green coffee supplementation (p<0.05). Generally, the results showed that green coffee supplementation in obese women has no effect on Fatmax and MFO during exercise i.e. has no effect on fat burning but, it seems it has an effect on lipolysis as seen some change in plasma glycerol; using an incremental exercise in this study may had restricted the oxidation of broke down fats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of time-consuming chocolate milk on some muscle damage indexes and performance of resistance exercise in male athletes. 33 male student-athletes 3±21 years old , Weight 81/7±65/67 body fat percentage 40/4±78/10% are recruited and randomly assigned to 3 groups, including control group(n=11), Group chocolate milk supplementation half an hour before resistance exercise (n=11) and Group supplementation chocolate milk immediately after exercise (n=11). Resistance exercise protocol includes movements of leg press, bench press, and the instep with 70% of one repetition maximum in 3 sets of 10 repetitions were performed. Blood sample were collected to measure index Creatine kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum lactate (LA) in 3 stages: Before, 45 minutes of activity and 24 hours after exercise. For data analysis, analysis of variance with ANOVA 3×3, ANOVA with Bonferroni test to check if the difference was statistically significant and meaningful level for all tests Alpha was set up to 0/05. In Group DA, the amount of lactate lower compared to DB (P=0/043) and CL (P=0/008) was observed in the second stage of sampling. The amount of CK Group DA 24 hours of exercise a significant decline compared to the control group (P=0/024) But no significant changes in serum LDH levels (P=0/54) to consider Cacao milk consumption reaches of sport activities can be effective in reducing muscle damages.

The present study aims to investigate the effect of maximal aerobic exercise, hybrid(aerobic max bath sauna)and bio training levels of leptin, adiponectin, insulin resistance index was overweight inactive men.

Thirty young men(with age range19 to25years old and body mass index≤25)were randomly divided into two groups of severe and combined periodic aerobic exercises(each group of10).The subjects completed intensive aerobic exercise for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week in a couple of days, but the combined exercise group In addition to the aerobic exercise,3sessions per week were performed on a sauna bath supplement on individual days for 20to30minutes in a sauna with a warm 80°Cheart rate with a heart rate of150-145beats per minute. After 8weeks of training, both groups were asked to return to their low-mobility lifestyle for the next 2 weeks without exercise(insomnia).Meanwhile, the subjects were subjected to blood sampling in three stages(pre-test,post-test, and de-training).

Severe and intermittent aerobic exercises resulted in a significant increase in adiponectin levels and a significant decrease in leptin, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index, and body fat percentage of overweight subjects. There was no significant difference between the groups(P≤0.05)It was also found that after 2weeks of non-administration, the levels of leptin, adiponectin, and metabolic index increased significantly(P≤0.05)

The results of this study showed that intensive aerobic exercise-sauna baths improved the body composition and the concentration of some white blood lipid hormones and insulin resistance index. Additionally, adaptations resulting from sports exercises are reversible,so it is recommended that overweight individuals regularly participate in sports programs.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic training in accompany with high fat diet (HFD) in youth period on hepatic damage in young male rats.

forty young male rats (30 days old) randomized in normal diet control (NDC), normal diet training (NDT), high fat diet control (HFDC) and high fat diet training (HFDT) groups. HFD rats followed high fat regimen (5.817 kcal/g) for 30 days and the normal fat diet (3.801 kcal/g) was continued following to the 60th day of birth. Aerobic training was conducted for four weeks included on three training sessions from the 70th to 98th days of life.

Our findings showed no effect of NDT on hepatic ALT levels, however; it was significantly decreased in HFDT rats (P<0.05). The hepatic ALT in HFDC rats were also higher than their NDC and NDT counterparts (P<0.05). moreover, HFD regimen increased hepatic AST levels in comparison with ND (P<0.05).

We concluded that while training with normal diet had no effects on hepatic ALT levels, however; HFDT rats experienced its decrease. HFD was also elevated AST levels rather than ND. Exercise training was lead to AST downregulation in both ND and HFD rats so that it returned AST levels to a values comparable with NDC rats.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is associated with fat accumulation and deposition in liver cells, is a serious risk factor for other diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pilates training on the hepatic fat content and liver enzymes in middle-aged men with NAFLD.

20 middle-aged men with NAFLD were randomly divided into Pilates training and control groups. The Pilates group participated in the Pilates training program for eight weeks. The body composition, anthropometric indices, liver fat content, and serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP were measured before and after the training period. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test at a significance level of 0.05.

After eight weeks of Pilates training, the liver fat content in the Pilates group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Also, the serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP significantly decreased in the Pilates group, compared to the controls. In addition, eight weeks of Pilates training significantly reduced the body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio of patients, while no significant changes were observed in the control group.

The results of the present study indicated that Pilates training could be effective in improving the liver fat content and reducing the serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP in middle-aged men with NAFLD.

the purpose of this research was to determine the Relationship between 2D:4D digit ratio with some of health indicators and physical performance in active and inactive male and female college students. Present study investigated this association in male and female young adult students. Participants (82 male and 63 female; age: 18-22 years; body mass index: 22-27 kg/m2) were active and inactive student from the University of Tabriz. Anthropometric characteristics of subjects (Bilateral digit), Waist circumference, abdominal circumference and and performance indicators including upper extremity muscular endurance (modified pull up test), cardiovascular fitness (1600 m running), abdominal muscular endurance (Sit-up test), lower body explosive power (Sargent jump test) and zigzag jump were measured. Regardless of the training status and sex, significant negative correlations were observed between 1,600 m running performance and male digit ratios. Also, significant negative correlations were observed between 800 m running performance and female digit ratios. In addition, the results showed a significant negative correlation for 2D:4D digit ratio with lower and upper body endurance. However, a weak negative correlation between the 2D:4D digit ratio and Waist and abdominal circumference. Based on the present study, digit ratio could be a good indicator in Identification of physical performance based on anthropometric characteristics.

The aim of this study was to investigate the Effect of acute term Rosa canina L supplementation on Serum Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein in non-athlete young men after an acute aerobic exercise until exhaustion. Twenty inactive men students were randomly divided into two groups of Rosa canina L, and control.The group of Supplement consumed 0.1 g per kg body weight of Rosa canina L and the control group consumed the same placebo place for three days.The blood samples were taken at baseline, immediately before and after Bruce test. The data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA.

The result showed a significant increase in Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and C - reactive protein immediately after the Bruce test in both groups (P=0.001). However, these indices were a significant less in the supplement group as compared with placebo (P=0.001)

The results indicated that Rosa canina L supplementation had a significant effect on the control and decline of inflammatory markers after Bruce test.

By creating specific physical and mental changes in women's lives, pregnancy not only affects their perceptions of quality of life, but also makes it difficult for them to perform certain movements to carry out everyday activities. It is recommended for pregnant women to participate in regular and intensive physical activity programs, since they have been shown to be effective and safe during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise in land and water on plasma β-endorphin level in pregnant women. For this purpose, 36 pregnant women aged 24-30 years were randomly assigned to one of the three groups of control (A), exercise in land (B), or exercise in water (C) in their third or second pregnancy. After blood sampling to assess the level of β-endorphin, the exercise group performed aerobic exercises in water at 60-70% of maximum heart rate for 60 minutes, three sessions per week for 8 weeks. The exercise group performed aerobic exercises with similar intensity and duration out of water environment and at sports hall. The control group continued their normal life during this period. Plasma β-endorphin changes in all three groups showed that aerobic exercise increased plasma β-endorphin level significantly. Comparing the plasma β-endorphin levels between two groups of exercise in water and exercise in land showed that increase in the level of β-endorphin was significantly more in exercise in water group than that in two other groups.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor plays a key role in neuronal and axonal survival and remyelination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of yoga training on serum BDNF level in female MS patients. Sixteen female with MS (age:37.8± 7.7 years, height: 161.7 ± 7.4 cm, weigh: 70.7 ± 18.2 kg and EDSS <4) were were randomly assigned into yoga (n=8) and control (n=8) groups. The experimental group participated in eight weeks of yoga training (24 sessions, 3 sessions/wk). The control group continued to their daily ordinary activities. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the training period. Serum levels of BDNF were measured with Human BDNF Immunoassay ELISA kits. Statistical analysis of data was performed by paired and independent sample t test at significance level p≤0.05. Results showed that yoga training after 8 weeks could increase serum BDNF level in female MS patients, whereas a synchronized decrease was observed in the control group. Overall the results showed MS patients’ serum BDNF level could be elevated by yoga training which is expected to be beneficial in neuronal repair and maintenance.

The present study investigated regular exercise (aerobic/resistance) and garlic extract supplementation (500 mg/kg/day, orally gavage/intraperitoneally injection) effects on pregnancy outcome of Balb/C mice. The length of pregnancy, number, weight, neonatal mortality and physical characteristics of pups were noted within six weeks post-delivery. The results indicated that the intraperitoneally injection of garlic extract during pregnancy caused remarkable increase in the activity, growth parameters and survival rate of offspring as compared with those received orally gavage of garlic extract. Besides, the resistance exercise caused abortion, miscarriage and the number of pups significantly dropped till the end of study. The average number and the pups’ weight in mothers who received garlic extract orally with resistance exercise during pregnancy were significantly lower compared to the other groups. To conclude, the results of study revealed that the group b who administrated with garlic extract intraperitoneally along with the regular aerobic exercise showed the outstanding pregnancy outcome as compared to the other experimental groups.