فصلنامه ژنتیک نوین
سال ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 26، پاییز 1390)

Gene trapping technique is a powerful method for mutational engineering works onspecific genes in cell, which is defined as a kind of in vitro site directed mutagenesis.This method is used for gene knock out or analysis of gene function. Interestingly thisapproach can be used as therapeutic device for correction of mutated genes. Gene trapping has been staged in three steps: gene cloning, the study of the pattern of gene expression and the analysis of respective mutated phenotype. This method is based on homologous recombination. For detection of homologous recombination, several approaches like RT-PCR; RACE-PCR would be useful. Thus, designing a set of specific primers pairs, for marker gene and insetred gene is essential for such PCR methods

Many studies have reported quantitative trait loci on chromosome 6 that affect milkproduction traits in dairy cattle. PPARGC1A gene was identified as functionalcandidate gene for a described QTL for milk fat yield because of its key role inenergy, fat, and glucose metabolism. In this study, DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from 398 Holstein cows of Tehran and Esfahan provinces. DNA extraction was performed using the Salting out method. The PCR-RFLP method was used for genotyping of SNP T/C at position 1892 and SNP A/C at position 3359 in PPARGC1A gene. Frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotypes at position 1892 were calculated as 12, 65 and 23%, respectively. Also, frequencies of AA, AC and CC genotypes at position 3359 were calculated as 38, 52 and 10%, respectively. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was evaluated using chi square test. The genotypes in both loci deviated from HWE. In this study c.1892T>C genotypes indicated significant associations with FATP2X, BVM, BVFP, PRO305 and PROME traits. It was shown significant associations between c.3359A>C genotypes and FATP2X, BVFP traits. Thus, these SNPs would provide an excellent opportunity for marker assisted selection programs in dairy cattle.

GGenetic problems have known as important causes of pediatric diseases. Recentresearch in the world shows that nearly half of the children hospitalized in pediatricward have genetic disorders. There is no such record in Iran.Present study is adescriptive case-series, which evaluate the frequency of genetic disorders in pediatric ward and the duration of their stay in hospital for the first time in Iran. Four hundred and ninety nine children admitted in pediatric ward were evaluated. A questioner was filed for each child, which were included age, sex, final diagnosis and duration of stay in bed. This study was done in pediatric ward of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital. From 499 children 13.8% suffer from single gene and chromosomal disorders, 40.8% multifactorial, 35.8% non genetic disorders and 9.6% unknown cases. Duration of stay in hospital with and without genetic disorders was not significantly different. In conclusion, genetic diseases all together are not rare and nearly half of the children admitted to pediatric ward hospitalized because of them. So genetic counseling in children is very important evaluation for prevention of genetic disorders.

Wheat is an important crop in the world. Yield of wheat in both of irrigated and drylandagriculture is affected and decreased by salinity. It’s really necessary to increase saltresistance of wheat cultivar. It’s so clear that wild ancestors of wheat could be appropriate sources of salt resistant genes and furthermore identification of their salt resistance mechanisms is really important. In this research, Aegilops tauschii was affected by long term salinity. We used proteomics technique for investigating of total leaf proteome. Identification of proteins, whose levels were altered, was performed by comparing protein patterns of salt-treated and control plants. 135 repeatable spots were identified and analyzed statically. 18 spot were identified that their levels were altered in response to salt stress. Expression of 15 spots was increased and expression of 3 spots was decreased. Some identified proteins are glutamine synthetase, ascorbate peroxidase, Lipocalin and rubisco activase. Identified proteins are involved in regulation of carbohydrate, amino acid and nitrogen metabolism and ROS scavenging.

Ghrelin or releasing growth hormone gene is a peptide hormone consists of 26 amino acids in fowl. This peptide causes a positive energy balance by stimulation growth hormone secretion, food intake, body weight gain and also causes obesity. In this study three specific primer sets of RP-LI, RP-L3 and RP-L5 were used in order to detect polymorphism in nucleotide at positions 71, 1215 and 2355 of ghrelin gene respectively, using RFLP-PCR. Three DNA fragments with 369, 320 and 228 bp were amplified and the PCR products for each primers of RP-L1, RP-L3 and RP-L5 were digested with MboII, Eco72I and HeaIII endonuclease, respectively. Four types of genotypes TC, CC, TB and CB were found for nucleotide site of 71 with the frequency of 5, 37, 47 and 11%, respectively. No any allelic forms were found in nucleotide site of 1215 and all genotyped birds showed monomorph (AA) genotype. At nucleotide site of 2355 of ghrelin gene two genotypes AB and BB were found with the frequency of 25 and 75%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant association (p<0.05) between nucleotide site of 2355 with hatch weight (HW).

Rhubarb (Rheum ribes) is a perennial plant of Iranian Zagros rangelands belonging to thepolygonaceae family. It is an edible and therapeutic plant with the stem believed to be a good laxative. Its root extract is used to cure diabetes, stomach upsets, vomiting, smallpox, and measles. Its fresh petioles and stems are also consumed as vegetables and to make jam, desserts, and pickles. Genetic exploration and conservation of this species requires basic cytogenetic information which is highly lacking in the scientific literature. In this study the chromosome characteristics and Karyotype of three Zagros accessions were studid. The analysis of mitotic, distinct metaphasic chromosomes involved seed germination, pretreatment of tissue samples, fixation of cellular and chromosomal structures, hydrolyzation of samples, and chromosome staining. Samples were observed microscopically for chromosome number and morphology which led to the preparation of Karyotype and ideogram of the accessions. The results of the chromosome count showed that all three accessions had 42 chromosomes and their ploidy level remained unsettled. Reports on the number of chromosome and ploidy level in other species of Rheum ribes are contradictory. Karyotype classifications following Stebbins method, placed accessions Isfahan 1 and Isfahan 2 in 1A class group with more Karyotypic symmetry and accession Qom in the 2A Karyotypic class with lower Karyotypic symmetry. Investigation of karyotypic symmetry condition of accessions using Romero Zarco method confirmed the karyotypic symmetry of accession. It was also specified that Isfahan 2 accession had more inter-chromosome symmetry and Isfahan 1 accession had more inter-chromosome symmetry

MRNA sequences in Eukaryotes start from 5′ cap to polyA termination and regulatorysequences 5′UTR, the structural sequence of ORF, and other regulatory sequences on 3′UTR, are located between them In many sequences 5′UTR Creatures one or more ATGbefore the ATG of the Starter translation there ribosomal they pass to the ATG of the Start Translation. Analysis Computational uATG in 5′UTR on 32 gene products in different sheep that 43 percent 5′UTR under the 100 bp, 18 percent between 200-100bp, 15 percent between 500-200bp, 15 percent between 1000-500bp, 6 percent were older 1000bp results also showed a passing machinery causes the difference in ribosomal sequences from flanking uATG Start with the ATG translation is that a signal is detected ribosomal machinery.

Date Palm (Phoenix dactulifera L.) is monocotyledon, diociouse and long life which is higheconomic important in Iran. Since fertility date palm starts after five years, sexualitydetection is important in first growth section, accelerate breading programs and when palm grove create. Therefore program for selecting a useful date palm need to know molecular markers. In this study used of 16 arbitrary primers with 9 to 21 bases for amplified template DNA. It is used of 30 date palm cultivars (20 male cultivars and 10 female cultivars. Two genome bulks made in two 1.5 μl microtubes. HB9, OPO08, A12 and K1 primers was produced band only in DNA mixed of male cultivars and there wasnt any band from these four primers in female bulk. HB12, HB7 and 814 primers was produced band only in DNA mixed of female cultivars. Then HB9, OPO08, A12 and K1 primers was tested in 20 male cultivars which three primers of HB9, OPO08 and K1 was produced 350, 1100 and 450bp respectively in all male cultivars. Three primers of HB12, HB7 and 814 were tested 10 female cultivars separately and HB7 primer was produced 700bp same band in all female cultivars. Stability of these bands demonstrated their ability in determination of date palm sexuality in several repeats and cultivars which had genetic distance.

This investigation was conducted to identify polymorphisms in growth hormone (GH), pit-1 and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) genes in a Holstein cattle. Genomic DNA samples were genotyped by PCR-RFLP technique. Allele frequencies were 0.884 and 0.116 for L and variants of GH, 0.170 and 0.830 for A and B variants of pit-1, and 0.529 and 0.471 for A and B variants of β-LG genes, respectively. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found in the population using χ² test.

Genetic diversity of 47 accession of (Althaea & Alcea spp L.) from Iran and the other countries were assessed by using 13 AFLP primer combinations (EcoRI/MseI).1022 bands were scored of which 256 (25.04%) were polymorphic. The largest numbers of polymorphic band (60 bands) were produced using primer combination EcoRI (AGG)/MseI (GAG), and the lowest numbers of polymorphic bands (5 bands) were produced by primer combinarion EcoRI (ACT)/MseI (CAA). The average of polymorphism information content (PIC) and marker index (MI) in all of 47 accession were 0.786 and 16.65, respectively. E (ACT)/ M (CAA) and E (AGG)/M (GAG) primers had the highest PIC and MI value (0.940 and 56.42) and the lowest one (0.504 and 2.52), respectively. Cluster analysis using Dice similarity method and UPGMA algorithm, grouped all accessions in three main groups at genetic similarity of 73% and was also confirmed by PCoA. The genetic similarity was from 93.55 to 25.55% with 59.55% mean in all of the 47 accession and also in Iranian accession was 9.18% to 52.67% with 71.42% mean. Variability observed had a narrow genetic base.