نشریه سفینه
پیاپی 1 (زمستان 1382)

Most of the Scholars and commentators of Quran have discussed abaot it as being a miracle and divine sign. Some of them have considered its literary and eloquence aspects, While some others have stressed on the meaning and spiritual considerations.A question about the miraclous eloquence of Quran is that why the word "miracle" is not used in the Quranic chapters? And wether or not we can use the word "miracle " as a Synonym for the words "Sign ", " Verse "? Another question arises when we come to know that there is no reference made in Quran and the narrations of the infallible leaders of Islam (p.b.u.h) to the literary and eloquence of the holy Book; while they have used some adjectives like Lead, Guide, Light, Sign, Reason, Wisdom, and Dominant. It is concluded that the meaning and Spiritual miraculous aspecte of the holy Quran, are more important than its, literary and eloquence characteristics, and some of the Shia scholars have paid due attention to those qualities.

In this essay, the procedure of preparation and print of "The History of Quran " of Noldeke, which has been compiled and completed by his student, Fridrich Schwally, is explained. Then the book, and its 3 main parts (or 13 chapters) have been efficiently explained. Those parts of the book which discuss the Shia subjects, have been evaluated and clarified that in addition to the Jewish - Christian references, and in spite of a few ones, all the mainessay. A short introductory from his printed and unprinted works are provided too.sources of the book have been from Sunni books. It has also been proved that how the Sunni narrated traditions and sources would cause that an honest and impartial scholar and orientalist to make false and unreal conclusions about the Quranic subjects.

Kashf - ol - Asrar " (Dislose of secret) is an old Persian commentary book which has been wirtten more than 9 centuries before, by Rashiduddin Maibodi. In this book, under every Quranic verse, three kinds of explanations are provided, which are literary, historical, and mystical commentaries. Mr. Dashti has chosen a literary discussion (Heravi Style), a narrative - historical discussion (Israelite narrations); and a divine philosophical discussion (mystical interpretations), and has explained them.

Deviational approach in interpretation of Quranic verses has a long history, and goes back even to the early decades of appearance of Islam. Such interpretations and commentaries disturb the order of Quranic words reasoning, and propagates error and mislead instead of Quran guide.From a methodological view, some factors of this approach have been reckoned, which refers to Quran itself, and the characteristics of the interpretors, and their commentary methods.The opponents of Quran, some groups such as the extremists, Ismailities,. .. gnostics, Sufis, and the Orientalists have provided some of the deviational, and misleading interpretations in their works.

The late Ayatollah Sheikh Mohammad Bagher Maleki Mianaji was born in Mianeh town. He studied and learned from many scholars in Mashhad. However, he was mainly influenced by the late divine scholar, Ayatollah Mirza Mohammad Mahdi Isfahani (Died in 1365 A.H.=1948 A.D.). In 1958, he went to Qum, and started his teachings of different courses of Islamic belief, Islamic thoughts, and Interpretation of Quran, which lasted till the end of his life. His characteristics, scientific thoughts, and his special status in the Islamic Howza (college)of Qum are given in this essay. A short introductory from his printed and unprinted works are provided too.

The commentary book " Manahej ol- Bayan" is an important Quranic book, of the current century; which is not duely known.The essay includes a general review of the book. It is finally the concluded that the commentary style of the commentator has been based on speculation in the Shia traditions; since the holy Prophet, and his infallible household (p.b.u.t.) have been the real knowing people and interpretors of the Quranic knowledge.Other topics of the essay are:- An overview of the theological discussions;- The bases of Quranic sciences;- The literary characteristics;- Detail discussions over the fundamental thoughts in Islam; - Interpretation of the verses related to Jurisprudence;- Survey and criticize of other commentary books, in different respects.

"Manahej ol- Bayan" is a distinct theological commentary at the present time.In this book,the author,Ayatollah Maleki Mianaji, by application of verses and traditions, has provided various profound Islamic and Shia theological subjects.In basic Islamic field, the subjects such as Origin, Destination, Free will and Predestination, Good & Evil, Reason of Appointment of the prophets, Revelation, Signs and Miracles, and their qualities, are discussed and explained, in order to convince the unbelievers of God, and the opponents of the prophets.In Shia studies field, the interested subjects- especially the first and the most important topics- are the characteristics and the rights of the Household of the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Them) in Quran, Imamate and Mastership (Leadership) of Amir - ol- Momenin Ali (p.b.u.h.), which have been deliberately surveyed by the author.

One of the interesting topics to the Muslims, that due to its importance, has been frequently disputed, is the subject of "Intercession". The late Ayatollah Maleki Mianaji, in his commentary book " Manahej ol- Bayan", like other interpretors, has discussed different aspects of "Intercession", which are reviewed in this essay. For more usage of the readers, the topics of the other work of Ayatollah Maleki, i.e. "Badaye ol- Kalam Fi Tafsir e Ayat ol- Ahkam" are also provided there.

The commentators, mainly, begin their books, with explanations about the Quranic subjects, which would reveal their methods and bases, in their commentary books.The late Ayatollah Maleki Mianaji, has dedicated about 70 pages of the 1st volume of his book," Manahej ol- Bayan", to the Quranic sciences too. A Persian translation of this chapter, in addition to some short essays from other authors, are collected in a book named as, "A review of the Quranic Sciences". The book is presented in 10 chapters titled as: 1) The virtues and preferences of Quran, 2) Reasoning of the words of Quran,3) Descend and Revelation of Quran,4) Definite, and similar (homologous) verses in Quran,5) To comment the holy Quran, and its fair method,6) To apply one's intentions and opinions in a Quranic commentary,7) Abrogation of verses in Quran,8) Change of destination, before happening, in Quran,9) Miracles in Quran,10) The challenge of Quran, in order to show its superiority over other books;the essay has a review over all the above mentioned subjects.

"The Names and Atributes of God" is an essential subject in theological studies, which has been considered from different viewpoints.His excellency, Ayatollah Maleki Mianaji, in his book "Manahej ol- Bayan", when commented some verses, had paid attention to this important subject. The Names and Attributes, in his viewpoint, are traces, signs, and indications that the Almighty God has created in order to guide and lead the creatures to Himself. The glorious word of "Allah", is also a derived noun, which indicates the astonishment and wonder (of a being) towards his God and Creator.

The Prominet researcher, Mirza Mohammad Bin Hasan Shirvani (1624 - 1688), was one of the skillful scholars of the 17th century. who has had more than 60 workse. Till now, only 2 books "Jaish Osameh " (The Osameh's army), and "A short commentary treatise about the Quranic Chapter of "Insan "(mankind) from him had been published. The Arabic text of the Commentary of the chapter "Hal Ata Insan" (mankind), along with biograpy of the researcher, and an explanatory preface about his works are provided for the first time. The persian translation and supplements are provided in The last part of the book.