نشریه زمین شناسی محیط زیست
پیاپی 42 (بهار 1397)

One of the most important issues that causes soil erosion in Iran is the problems of management and control of the erosion of the watersheds of the country, the lack of statistical data to accurately estimate the extent of erosion. Therefore, this research is aimed at estimating the rate of erosion and sediment production in Ghomrood-Aligudarz Basin using experimental model EPM (GIS) to control soil erosion. Initially, in this research, data was obtained through library and field resources, existing maps, and weather stations statistics. After importing maps in the ARCGIS software environment using the standard tables provided in the EPM model, the concessions are proportional to the catchment area and, by combining the layers with respect to the relationships presented in the EPM model, the zoning map of the severity of erosion in the watershed of Qomrood - Oligodarz was calculated. The results showed that with EPM method, the specific erosion rate of 24.529 m 3 / km / year and total erosion of the basin were estimated at 9257 m3 / m3 / m3 and, according to the erosion intensity of the studied basin, according to to the EPM method in the erosion class Extreme (V).

Solid waste burying is the last option in solid waste management. In this regard, the main objective is the safe and long-term disposal of solid waste with consideration of environmental and health aspects. Various variables should be considered in the location. Therefore, identification of ways to achieve this goal is necessary and necessary. The present research was carried out to determine the environmental location of urban waste landfills in Quchan city using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy model, GIS (Geographical Information System (GIS)) using Expert Choice software. . In this research, the layers necessary for the location of 12 layers including geological maps, soil study, land use, slope of the area, topography, the location of villages, urban areas, surface water and underground waters, direction The dominant winds, roads and faults were collected and then, based on landfill landfill criteria, the layers were scored and weighed. The maps after the final weighting obtained from the hierarchical process were combined and the final map was extracted. Based on the final map of the fuzzy logic model and hierarchical analysis, 46% are in prohibited areas, 8% have inappropriate conditions, 24% have moderate conditions, 14% have good conditions, and 8% have very good conditions. Two Its area is suitable and very suitable and is located in the southwest. In these areas, the groundwater level is low and the lithology of the area is tuff dacity and latite.

Determining the location of landfill sites is a difficult and complex process because it is necessary to consider different factors and criteria in the landfill sitting process. In this study, in order to consider all parameters, a combination of Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) was used for landfill site selection in Javanrood County. For the purpose of making decisions in landfill site selection different parameters have been identified, including distance to groundwater, distance to surface water, land cover, distance to urban and rural areas, land uses, distance to roads, slope, distance to faults and geology type. Each criterion was evaluated with the aid of AHP and mapped by GIS. Then, the layer was standardized and the relative importance of criteria to each other was determined by an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method was applied to evaluate the land suitability. Data were assorted into four suitability classes within the study area, i.e., high, moderate, low and very low suitability areas. Based on the results, 15% was determined to be suitable for a landfill site. Finally, two candidate sites were determined after field investigation

Kerman Province is one of the seismic regions of Iran, which has many faults with different trends. Therefore, addressing the issue of tectonic and seismicity in this province can be useful in various fields such as crisis management. In this research, we used topographic maps, geological maps, aerial photos, satellite imagery and seismic catalogs of the Institute of Geophysics of the University of Tehran. In this way, the active tectonics of Kerman province in the Lut and Jazmurian basins and their relations with the seismicity of this province were examined. From geomorphic indicators such as longitudinal river gradient (SL), drainage asymmetry index (AF), topographic symmetry factor (T) and index and basin shape ratio (BS) has been used to determine the tectonic condition of the basins. Although, using the Relative Ratio Index tectonic activity (lat) in the tectonic of each basin was determined that both basins are active, but their tectonic activity is not the same. Shahdad basin has high to moderate activity and Jazmurian basin has a low activity. Also, in order to investigation of active tectonic of the province, geomorphic quantitative indicators were also used.

Robat sefid region located in mashhad to torbat road and surrounded with ophiolite outcrop serpentine formation that could be mentioned as source of Lithogenic contamination. Considering importance of this matter, in this paper heavy metal studying and evaluation have been done in soil sources of robat sefid region. So heavy metal density in 11 soil samples have been studied and interoperated. For this aim multivariate statistical methods and index of geoaccumulation, enrichment factor, contamination factor and modified degree of contamination have been used. Correlations between elements have been evaluated with multivariate statistical methods (Pearson Correlation, Cluster Analysis and principle component analysis). Based on evaluations, ophiolite rocks (Serpentine، Gabbro، Dunite and Harzburgite) has been considered as Lithogenic source of elements in region. Based on index of geoaccumulation measurement for soil, Nicole has the highest rate of contamination in this region. Enrichment factor calculation shows that Nicole and Chromo have very high contamination and Cobalt has high contamination in this region. Also contamination factor measurement shows severe enrichment of Nicole in this region but region geology structures and ophiolite rocks weathering are the entrance source of these heavy metals and have Lithogenic source.

Land use is one of the most important factors that Man influences the environment through it. Changes in land cover and land use have direct effects on climate change, and there is a reciprocal and complex relationship between climate change and land cover change. Therefore, it is important to monitor land use changes for management and Presentation of management plans. Today, remote sensing and geographic information systems are widely used, especially in dealing with multiple geographic data and interpreting the vast area of the earth's surface. In this way, remote sensing data can be used as a suitable substitute for unregistered and past data, such as land use data and its changes over time periods, and serve as basic information for other studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate land use changes in the Perishan wetland area from 1990 to 2015 using a remote sensing technique and investigate the relationship between these changes with groundwater levels and precipitation. The results of this study showed that the farmland area increased by 1,371 hectares from 1990 to 2015, while the groundwater level decreased by 14.72 m. Also, the results of this study showed that the changes in land area of agriculture are inversely related to groundwater level and increasing the area of agricultural land leads to more groundwater discharge and lower groundwater level.

The problem of corrosion and Scaling in the discussion of chemical quality control of drinking water supply sources can be important due to the point of view that its effect on the network of drinking water transmission and distribution, both from the economic and health aspects. In this study, determining the potential of corrosion and scaling of Varamin city drinking water using Langelier saturation Index (LSI) and stability index Ryznar (RSI) for 10 main wells of Varamin City in the summer of 1394 and 1395 was done and the obtained data has been zoned on the Geographical information system (GIS). In order to calculate the above index as well as rooting the causes of the situation, water quality parameters such as: alkalinity, hardness, conductivity, total dissolved solids, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, fluoride, bicarbonate and pH was measured according to the book of “ Standard Method”. The results of chemical analysis and calculation of corrosive indices showed that the average LSI of the wells in the area in 1394 was equal to -0.01699 and in 1395 was equal to -0.3038, which shows a corrosive balance with increasing trend. The average RSI in this area in the year 1394 was 7.2428 and in 1395 was 8.0097 that confirmed the validity of the LSI index with a rational trend. Regarding that in the present situation, the stability situation is changing to corrosive state, Therefore in order to maintain and improve the health of citizens and also to increase the useful life of the plumbing equipment, the operation of water stabilization should be done in order to decrease its corrosive properties and maintain on its desired level.