مجله پژوهش در علوم توانبخشی
سال دهم شماره 3 (1393)

Foot insoles are widely recommended to prevent running related to injuries. However, their effects on the frequency of Ground Reaction Force(GRF) is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to elemental test the effect of four shoe insoles on frequency of GRF during stance phase of running. 15 female Students (mean age22±1/85 year, height162±4/71cm and weight56±5/59kg) were selected. Subjects were asked to run over a force plate, in a control and insole (normal, soft, semi rigid, rigid) conditions. Vertical and anterior-posterior (AP) of GRF were evaluated in frequency domain using fast furrier transformation. One factor repeated measures ANOVA was used to test the hypothesis. The statistical results showed that there was a significant difference between insoles in 99.5% frequency of vertical (p=0/001), AP GRF (P=0/049), and median frequency of AP GRF (p=0/012). Increasing hardness of insoles reduces the 99/5% frequency power of GRF and median frequency of AP GRF. Accordingly, the 99/5% frequency power of GRF and median frequency of AP GRF can be an indicator of shoes insoles effects on the foot during running.

Self-care skills are considered to be activities that a person performs for self-maintenance and achieving independence in daily living. PASS (Performance Assessment of Self-care Skills) is one of the comprehensive tests in evaluating the patient self-care skills. The purpose of the present study was to assess the validity of PASS in evaluating the self-care skills of patient suffering from multiple sclerosis. The present study is a non-experimental methodological study. In this study we translated PASS to Persian language and investigated face validity and content validity of before mentioned test. Kruskal-Wallis test was performed in content validity to investigate the homogeneity of experts’ opinions. 30 adults suffering from multiple sclerosis underwent face validity investigation using Persian PASS. The mean score and percent of validity regarding ADL was 3.93 for independence and 98 percent for validity. These values were 3.80 and 95 percent regarding safety, for outcome, mean score and validity percent was 3.93 and 98, respectively. In other categories same scores and percents are listed regarding independence, safety and outcome respectively: IADL: 3.77 and 94, 3.70 and 92, 3.84 and 96. Mobility: 3.40 and 85, 3.40 and 85, 3.36 and 84. Whole PASS in general: 3.72 and 93, 3.65 and 91, 3.75 and 94 These results are indicative of very high validity of PASS in all 3 aspects of independence, safety, and outcome in evaluating self-care skills of MS patients. PASS is a psychometrically adequate measure that can be utilized in evaluation of self-care skills in MS patients.

In assessing the factors affecting the knee joint biomechanics foot malalingments are more important due to ability to change the applied force direction, so the main goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between the excessive subtalar pronation and changes of Q-angle and whether taping of the Medial Longitudinal Arch (MLA) could accordingly change these variables. 76 volunteers (aged 20-40 years) were recruited from physical therapy clinic of shiraz school of rehabilitation and were divided to 2 groups. 1) Pronated Symptomatic Knees (PSK) included 38 subjects having excessive subtalar pronation and knee symptoms. 2) Pronated Asymptomatic Knees (PASK), included 38 subjects having excessive subtalar pronation without knee symptoms. Subtalar and Q-angles were measured before and after medial longitudinal arch Taping by employing a goniometer in both PSK and PASK groups. Pearson Correlation coefficient Test, Paired sample T-Test and Wilcoxon test were used to fulfill the statistical analysis. A strong correlation was found between subtalar and Q-angles before taping in both PSK & PASK groups. In females (P=0.002) and (P= 0.0010) for PSK and PASK, respectively and in males (P=0.001) and (P =0.001) for PSK and PASK, respectively. There was a significant difference between subtalar angle and Q-angles before and after applying taping method in both PSK & PASK. It seems that in the hyper pronated foot subjects applying the MLA taping method may result in decreasing the Q- angle which, in turn, may eventually improve knee joint biomechanics.

Clinical education is an integral part of physiotherapy education and has a special status. During this course, the students gradually acquire experience and prepare their minds to solve patient’s problems. Like all programs, clinical education has formed by processes and elements on which some external factors are effective. This study has focused on the internal elements and external factors affecting clinical education based on students’ experiences.

This qualitative study has conducted through content analysis method. Research population included senior students of physiotherapy among whom 21 students selected purposefully. Focus Group Discussion was used to collect data.

After analyzing the data and codes synthesis, 11 sub-themes and 4 themes emerged. Themes of “Human” and “Physical” elements form area of the “internal elements” and themes of “university policies” and “approaches and practices” form the external factors. Inconsistency of some existing policies and approaches with objectives of the clinical education course can cause lack of richness in clinical experience.

Considering the obtained codes, the human elements had a more prominent position than the physical elements. Although the educational departments cannot intervene in some elements such as characteristics of patient and personality characteristics of educators and students, their identification as influential elements can provide a different experience for the students. It seems that some issues such as accurate monitoring on the teachers and students’ performance by the university’s educational system, students admission quantity adjustment, sex ratios and increase of the educational units can be helpful.

Students encounter many stressful factors during their educational time. Stress can result in different physical and mental disorders, dysfunction and decreasing quality of life. One of the nature based intervention is using purposeful activity of gardening. The goal of this research is Studying of the effect of using purposeful activity (gardening) on quality of life in students with moderate to profound depression of Golestan dormitory in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. This study was a randomized controlled trial and accomplished in 90-91 educational years of university. Sample was 50 depressed female students of Golestan dormitory in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Student's settled in experimental and controlled groups randomly. Both groups were taken WHOQOL-BREF (Quality of life test). Then gardening sessions carried on in dormitory yard for 3 days per week through 2 months. Both groups were assessed with the same quality of life questionnaire again after intervention. Results were analyzed by SPSS18 for windows. Using statistical tests showed that general quality of life increased in experimental group. Analysis of subsections after intervention revealed that quality of life increased in the bases of physical and environmental health but not in the bases of mental and social relational health in experimental group. General quality of life increases after using purposeful activity of gardening in depressed female students who are resident of dormitory but changes in subsections of quality of life after intervention (gardening) need more studies.

Recovery period is an integral part after exercise which in this metabolic rate is higher than resting levels. Understanding the dynamics of oxygen during recovery period with use of its characteristics, after exercise help the coaches, athletes and patients with different rates of heart failure to design a training program. Accordingly, this article is investigating the effects of maximal oxygen consumption on oxygen dynamics of recovery period after maximum continuous activity in female basketball players. For this study, seven elite female basketball players with mean age 21±1.5 years, weight 60.71±5.7 kg, height 168.3±5.6 cm, Body mass index 21.7±1.7 and VO2 max 41.4±3.4 ml/kg/min were selected. For analyzing the respiration gases, the Gas Analyzer machine was used. To analyze the data, it was used from Paired t-test in the level of α = 0.05. After maximum continuous activity, in half time oxygen recovery (P= 0.005) and in half time of the recovery of oxygen pulse (P= 0.001), significant difference was observed. People who have higher VO2 peak, have faster dynamic of oxygen and shorter recovery time in half and return in their reset is faster.

Ski is a fast sport with a high risk of falling. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of core strength with static and dynamic balance in snowboarders. forty male athletes participated in this study with a history activity of at least 6 seasons in snowboard skiing sport (mean age 26.85±3.30yr, height 180.45±6.08cm, weight 79.86±6.14kg and athletic experience 12.70±4.53season). Subjects were selected by available sampling. Core strength has been measure by Nicholas hand held dynamometer. also static and dynamic balance has been measure by stork and star excursion balance tests. Windows Vista SPSS18 software was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using by Pearson correlation test (P˂0.05). Results indicated that there was significant relationship between core strength with static balance (P= 0.001) and dynamic balance (P= 0.001). Considering the present study’s results significant relationship between core strength with static and dynamic balance in snowboard skiing athletes and also importance balance in this sport, researcher find out strengthening core musculature training program can positively affect balance and prevent injuries in snowboarders.

Destroy of myelin in multiple sclerosis (MS) Patients, causes problems in the transmission of nerve impulses which result in some impairments in neuromuscular system, including patients balance disorders. As changes in complexity of a time series data represent latent information among them, measuring and analysis of body center of pressure during various activities is an efficient method to study the neuromuscular system and maintaining of balance. This would be possible with the help of Entropy measurement as useful method to study about complexity of the body kinematics.Methods and materials: Center of Pressure (COP) fluctuations signals were recorded from 20 MS patients before and after 24 sessions of balance exercises and then analyzed them with two methods of Entropy Measuring.

Results of both methods showed a significant increase in Entropy Measure of patients COP fluctuations after 12 weeks of exercises. Increasing entropy of COP’s fluctuations in frontal plane were more than sagittal ones. It was identifiable in both methods.

Increasing the amount of entropy measure indicated beneficial influence of exercises on recovery of balance system in MS patients. So these kinds of exercises could be used as an efficiently clinical Intervention for MS Patients.

Leg Length Discrepancy and Quadratus Lumborum weakness can be related to low back pain. During physical examination in many cases these two factors are omitted by clinicians. The aim of this study was comparison between Leg Length Discrepancy and Quadratus Lumborum endurance between female with chronic low back pain and healthy subjects. In this case-control study, forty nine chronic low back pain female patients as case group compared with forty nine healthy females as control group. Leg Length Discrepancy was investigated by two methods included real and apparent Leg Length Discrepancy measurement. The Quadratus Lumborum endurance was evaluated by side bridge test. Statistical analysis was done by T-test and SPSS software,version 15 was used for this purpose. There were no significant differences between real and apparent Leg Length Discrepancy between case and control groups (p=0.828, p=0.336). The Quadratus Lumborum endurance demonstrated significant differences in right and left side between two groups (p=0.001, p=0.002). This study showed there was no relationship between Leg Length Discrepancy and low back pain, may be due to body adaptation to Leg Length Discrepancy. Also significant decreases of Quadratus Lumborum endurance was seen in chronic low back pain patients, that shows the importance of this muscle for providing stability and support of spinal column. Although more studies will be needed.

Vertigo, disequilibrium and the consecutive falls in geriatrics have always been one of the major challenges that both patients and medical staffs encounter, and in comparison to the rest of adult age groups, in the elderly, numerous factors make the diagnosis and treatment processes rather difficult. Once left unattended, the underlying etiologies of geriatrics vertigo not only can pose a threat to the patient's safety, and lead to physical impairments, but also might result in psychological consequences like isolation from society. In this review article we intend to investigate the key points regarding the geriatrics vertigo. The online databases including Pubmed, Google Scholar, Cochrane and Science Direct were searched using the key words: Geriatrics, Elderly, Older people, Imbalance, Disequilibrium, Vertigo and all the papers between 1972 and 2013 were selected. A total number of 218 original articles and 30 review articles were found. The titles, abstracts and conclusions were studied. Eventually, 45 articles with the intended context were selected. The recent increases in the elderly population and their physical impairments have resulted in a soar in vertigo and disequilibrium among these patients. By the age of 75, dizziness is the first reason for which elderly pay visits to medical centers and 80% of patients older than 75 years old complain of vertigo and dizziness. Plenty of central and arterial lesions in the elderly have clinical manifestations which resemble symptoms of benign peripheral vestibular dysfunctions, and result in difficulty in diagnosis of the disease. Furthermore, rehabilitative treatments in this age group might be delayed due to concomitant neural and muscular impairments. In the elderly, the clinical presentations and nystagmus characteristics are the most critical findings that can play a significant role in differentiating peripheral and central vertigoes.