مجله پژوهش در علوم توانبخشی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (1394)

Transtibial amputees usually use one specific prosthetic foot to locomate normally. Biomechanical Characteristics of unilateral transtibial amputees with various types of prosthetic feet have been studied during running. Although SACH and Dynamic-Response feet manufactured by Otto Bock are the most components used in Iran, examining function of these feet is less considered in locomotion activity.The purpose of this study was to survey the effect of SACH and Dynamic Response feet on several kinetic variables in stance phase of running in individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation. Eight male unilateral transtibial amputees were participated in this experimental study. They agreed to sign the consent form. Each subject runs in 12-meter walkway three times at a speed of 2.5 meters per second. Kistler force plate and three-dimensional motion analysis VICON system were used to collect kinetic data and control running speed, respectively. Repeated measures of ANOVA and Friedman test were used to analyze the data based on normality (P<0.05). The residual leg of individuals with unilateral transtibial amputees did not show shock absorption index(peak vertical ground reaction force during heel contact). Ground reaction force were significantly different between the SACH, Dynamic-Response and selected feet (p<0/001). SACH feet had a greater ground reaction force than Dynamic-Response and selectd feet (p<0/001). There was no statistical difference vertical impulse between any kind of feet (p=0/38). The results of study showed that ground reaction force with SACH feet was greater than Dynamic response feet and can be concluded that the risk of Patellofemoral pain syndrome may be increased in amputated leg.

Intorodiction:Deafness has unfavorable effects on children's language development. Nowadays performing cochlear implant surgery has provided an opportunity for developing language in deaf children. The present study aims at investigating deaf children's language development after passing two years from performing cochlear implant surgery and comparing them with children enjoying natural hearing. the population of cochlear implanted children included all children who had undergone the cochlear implant surgery in Al-Zahra University Hospital. From these population, a number of 35 children (consisting of 18 boys and 17 girls) two years passed their surgeries were selected as the sample size using random sampling. In the group of children with natural hearing, the population included all children who were under training in pre-school centers and primary schools of Isfahan City. From this population, 35 children (18 boys and 17 girls) were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. The data of the research were collected using the scale of language development. At last, the statistical data were investigated employing correlation and covariance analysis. the findings of the present study indicated that although the cochlear implanted children had high scores in the scale of language development, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of language development in the two groups (P ≤ 0.001). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between age and language development (P ≤ 0.01, r=0.491). regarding the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that however performing cochlear implant surgery results in developing language in deaf children, it should not be expected that after two years from performing the surgery, cochlear implanted children act similar to children with natural hearing in language skills.

Anterior cruciate ligament injury(ACL)is more common than other types of injuries in knee joint ligaments. The primary goal of rehabilitation for ACL injury is to restore subject’s function. No study to date has investigated the clinical effect of toe-in waling exercise in subjects with anterior cruciate ligament injury; although its effect on gait has been discussed, extensively. Present study was aimed to determine the effect of six-week home based supervised toe-in walking exercise on function of non-coper anterior cruciate ligament deficient subjects in single hope test and figure of eight test.

This study was designed as a pilot quasi experimental study. Seven young non-coper men suffering from anterior cruciate ligament injury were selected according to the inclusion criteria introduced by Fitzgerald et. al. The participants got training for toe-in walking. They were instructed to walk at home with shoes for 30 minutes every day for 6 weeks. Subjects’ function in single hope test and figure of eight test was recorded. All participants were asked to fill in the IKDC before and after training program. Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 16.

The quadriceps strength(P=0.05), single hope test score(P=0.04)and figure of eight test score(P=0.001)improved significantly following six weeks of toe-in walking program at home. The improvement in limb symmetry index and IKDC score were not statistically significant.

It seems that suggested training program may improve the function of subjects suffering from anterior cruciate ligament injury.

vertebral Colum is the main axis of the body that has an important role in keeping a proper posture.The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of vertebral deformities in children with impaired sight and hearing. Ten percent of students in elementary and preschool and students in the academic year of 92-91 were selected for this study. In Tehran 323 people, 244 people in the cities of the Tehran Province and in Alborz Province 148 students. Demographic questionnaire, Taiwanese flexible ruler,plummetand a simple rule were used for data collection. Data was reported using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that, male and female studentswith visual impairment in Alborz province had the highest prevalence.In the first and third quartiles kyphosis, students with hearing impairment in Alborz Province were in a worse situation.In thefirstquarterof lordosis, girlswithhearing impairmentin Tehranhad thehighest degree and in the third quarter, the boys with visual impairments of Alborz Province had the same condition. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that students of Alborz Province are suffering more than other students with similar disorders in Tehran and cities of the Tehran from abnormalities of the spine. Therefore, in thesesstudents itis necessary to provide trainingandrehabilitation servicesforcorrecting abnormalities or appropriateuse ofalternativesensesin the body.

Mood disorders like depression can affect people at any time in their lives. Mental cold is a common term to describe this disorder because of its high prevalence rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of massage therapy on quality of life and depression in subjects diagnosed with depression in subjects diagnosed with depression. Twenty female diagnosed by depression(the Beck Depression Inventory scores above 18) were recruited in this study. Then they equally classified in two groups of control(N=10, Mean±SD age; 27.2±5.3 years) and experiment(N=10, Mean±SD age; 31.2±7.61 years). Experimental group received message therapy three times a week for 6-week. The control group received no treatment. Beck Depression Questionnaire and Wisconsin Quality of Life Client Questionnaire were used to measure depression and quality of life score, respectively. SPSS software, version 21, was used to analyze data, the significant level set at 0/05. The results showed that the depression score and quality of life in post-test massage therapy group was significantly less than the pre-test. The selected intervention reduced the level of depression and increased the quality of life scores(p<0/05). It seems that massage therapy can be an effective treatment for reducing depression and raising the quality of life. Therefore, the findings may support the positive impact of massage therapy in depressed subjects.

Proprioception dysfunction may increase the risk of injury in athletes. Several studies have examined the factors influencing on proprioceptive accuracy; however, the impact of different hours of the day on performance of this sense is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of circadian rhythm on the accuracy of the knee JPS in men's college soccer players. Thirty male college soccer players with an average mean age±SD; 23/14±1/27 years were recruited in this experimental study. Reconstruction error data at three different times:10, 15 and 20 hours after evaluation session and at an angle of 45° and 60° flexion using skin markers and Digital Imaging were collected. Auto CAD software was used to analyze the images and ANOVA with repeated measures has been used for comparing data variances in different times. The results showed that despite the different records at different times and also decreasing in reconstruction errors during middle day hours, there was no statistically significant difference in knee angular reconstruction error in different times. According to the results, it appears that the accuracy of Proprioceptive function of the knee joint is not affected by circadian rhythm and then, there are no differences in the risk of injury in athletes due to Proprioceptive dysfunction while performing physical activities in different hours of day and night.

Dichotic speech recognition involves simultaneous presentation of competing stimuli to both ears and has been used to investigate the hemispheric dominance for language and auditory processing abilities in adults and children. The present study aimed to develop the Persian version of dichotic nonsense syllable test and to test its psychometrics properties. This instrumental, non-experimental study with a methodological pattern consists of three main parts: developing Persian version of dichotic nonsense syllable test, evaluating its content validity using the Content Validity Ratio, and determining its reliability by performing it on 80 normal adults(40 males and 40 females) aged 18-25 years(mean age: 21.16±2.28 Years), who were recruited according to the inclusion criteria from students of those universities located in Tehran. The Content Validity Ratio for each items of the test was found more than 0.62. The Cronbachs alpha coefficient and Intra Class Correlation was found to be 0.86 and 0.75, respectively. Test- retest correlation found out to be 0.83 within 2 to 4 weeks intervals.Results showed that the Persian version of dichotic nonsense syllable test possesses acceptable content validity and reliability and can be used in clinical trials and research.

Most knee anterior cruciate ligament injuries happen during challenging activities like drop landing. Core muscles feedforward activity can control challenging activity and prevent injury. The aim of this study was to investigate core muscles feedforward activity in patients after ACLR and healthy group. Eleven males with ACLR, aged 18-40 years old, with at least 6-24 months after reconstruction surgery and eleven mathed males as a control group were enrolled in this study. Muscle activity of Geluteus medius, Abdominis external oblique, Quadratus lumborum and erector spine in landing was recorded in both groups. Cross hop functional test and IKDC questionnaire were completed and compared in both groups. Significance level was considered less than 0.05 for all analysis. score of IKDC subjective questionnaire and cross hop functional test in control group were significantly more than the score of patients (p≤0.000 questionnaire, p=0.039 functional test). Feedforward response time for Gluteus medius (p=0.028), Abdominis external oblique (p=0.03) and erector spine (p=0.028) in control group was significantly sooner than patients with ACLR. Quadratus lumborum was not significantly different in these two groups (p=0.191). muscles activity and their patterns in these groups observed different. Patient group did not have appropriate feedforward activity; they also demonstrated a decrease in functional test and IKDC questionnaire. These results necessitate a appropriate rehabilitation program.

Ankle sprains are the most frequent injuries among soccer players. Previous studies showed that FIFA comprehensive warm up program 11+ can reduce injuries but to date there is limited information on effectiveness of this program on prevention of ankle injuries. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of FIFA comprehensive warm-up program for the prevention of ankle injuries in male young soccer players.

Nine hundred and eighty young male soccer players were participated in thisrandomize control trial from thirty five different teams. All subjects were randomly assigned to an intervention (n=476 players from 17 teams) or control group (n=504 players from 18 teams). Individuals in the intervention group performed the +11 at least twice a week as warm up prior to training throughout the season. Participants in control group continued their routine practice session. All soccer-related injuries and players exposure to practice sessions and matches were registered prospectively by the coaches and medical staffs.

During 7-month season, we recorded 67383 hours players’ exposure and 1220 soccer related injuries. Poisson distribution showed that ankle injury rate in the intervention group (3.65 injuries/1000 h) was significantly lower than ankle injury rate in the control group (6.84 injuries/1000 h), (P<0.05).

The FIFA 11+ warm-up program can have an effective role for reducing the rates of ankle injuries in male young soccer players. Thus, we would like to recommend the young players and their coaches can use this program as warm up before start training sessions.

The hyperlordosis is one of the most common disorders among girls and it has been cosidered to achieve an appropriate program to reduce the amount of deformity. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two kinds of traditional and NASM corrcetive exercises training protocols on the correction of hyperlordosis in female students. In this quasi-experimental study, four hundred students aged 18 to 22 years were randomly selected and screened. Fourty five students that had more than 30 degree lumbar lurdosis angle curve were recruited to be analyzed. Then they were randomly divided into three groups: the traditional exercises, the NASM exercises and control group. The Experimental groups attended in exercise session three times a week for 8-week. Each session last 60 minutes. Data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P<0.05). Significant interactions were observed within 3 groups and tests (F(2, 42) = 43.3, P<0.01). Contrasts revealed that ratings of lumbar lordisis decrease in NASM group (F(2, 42) = 95.2, P<0.0, ES=.9) and traditional group (F(2, 42) = 17.2, P<0.01, ES=.7) and were significantly higher than control group. It can be conclouded that the NASM corrcetive exercises training protocol was more effective in reducing lumbar lordosis and it is recommended to clinicians, coaches, athletic trainers and other health related specialists to put this protocol for correcting the lumbar hyperlordosis.