پژوهشنامه فیزیولوژی ورزشی کاربردی
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1384)

Sport is an integral part of the social and cultural infrastructure of nation. It really can make a difference in the broader educational process and in changing and enhancing the quality of people’s lives. University and college students are an increasingly discerning sector of the population. They are also the most active in sport. In that context, raising student expectations of the range and quality of sporting provision at their university or college will soon be fuelled by the significant investment in youth sport via new opportunities funded projects and school sport. This presents huge opportunities and challenges to institutions to meet these rising expectations and to harness the broader potential of sport as a vehicle for achieving wider corporate objectives such as recruitment, health promotion, personal development, social inclusion and participation. The purpose of this study was to assess the situation of human resources, allocated budget, specified area and sport facilities in Mazandaran universities. The sample in this study consisted of all higher educational institution of Mazandaran. The research instrument was a researcher made questionnaire in the open questions form. Results of this study indicated that there was a significant relationship between the number of human resources, and total allocated budget, number of students participating in sport games.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a period of the progressive intermittent aerobic training on the most sensitive inflammatory marker for estimating cardiovascular disease (C-reactive protein) in the obesity of female Wistar 14848 rats (325.6±4.93 gram and old-21.5 months). To do so 64 rats were prepared for the pilot study and the main study. The pilot study was performed to determine the difference of CRP in 32 obese and thin or old and young rats (each group 8 rats). Also, the rest 32 rats were divided randomly into the related – subgroubs including: pretest, midtest and posttest (control and training). The training protocol was performed for 12 weeks, 5 days in week, with 2 to 4 sets and with definite speed and duration. The blood samples of fasting were drawn in many phases including; the baseline level, after 6 and 12 weeks of training. The data was analyzed via repeated measures and post hoc least significant difference (LSD). The results showed that CRP levels decreased insignificantly (P=0.351) in the first six weeks and decreased significantly (P=0.001) after 12 weeks. Generally, base on these findings in can be said that decline in this inflammatory marker after the intermittent training means attenuate in atherogenesis process.

The term Perceptual – motor is about the interpretation and the response that a person gives to a stimulus. Almost whatever one does is perceptual – motor. Therefore, the acquired Motor practice during the early ages forms the fundamental basis of motor development. Studies show that the early learning practices of person have a positive influence on the later learning. That is why the contemporary societies pay lots of attention to the best perception of cognitive things and better performance in perceptual – motor. In order to facilitate the growth of perceptual abilities, one must be exposed to sensory stimulation and various movements in early part of his life. The aim of this survey is to study the perceptual – motor abilities of children between the ages of 7 to 14.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of fasting on physical abilities and body lipid levels of university students. Therefore, 18 fasting students (9 male and 9 female) and 18 non-fasting students (9 male and 9 female) were randomly selected and tested for the following variables before and after Ramazan month: Blood sample of chol- total, trig, chol/ HDL, LDL and SFM of hand and foot, standing long Jump, chair push up, six minute ran (semi cooper), side step and horizontal bar. Was hypothesized that there are significant differences between the means of increased or reduced scores of the fasting and non – fasting groups with regard to all the variables. The resulth of multivariate analysis of variance showed that except for HDL in which the fasting group showed mord increase in mean scores, with regard to hand- lipidm triglisyrine, LDL, and chol-HDL, the fasting group showed significantly more reduction as compared to the non- fasting group(p<.05). Moreover, there was significantly more reduction in hand- lipid in fasting girls than in fasting boys but the non- fasting girls and boys showed no difference(P<.004). On the other hands, there was significantly more reduction in HDL in fasting boys than un fasting girls, but the non- fasting boys and girls showed no difference(P<.001). Reduction in chol- HDL level in fasting boys was more than the fasting girls, but it was reverse in non- fasting boys and girls (P<.014).

Application of philosophy to both education and physical education can be studied from a number of points view. This research is concerned with a view that takes philosophy as a mindedness. In this view, the philosopher exhibits characteristics in his rout in life which are conceived as the characteristics of philosophical mindedness and ultimately his philosophical thinking leads to philosophical practice. The philosophical mindedness characteristics which were studied in this research are: 1)liberality, 2)self-confidence, 3)deep understanding, 4)vast view, 5)humbleness, 6)ambition, 7)personality unity, 8)curiosity, 9)supporting human values. Both education and physical education have pedagogical and educational which jointly effect on the cognitive, emotional, psychological and kinetic aspects of the individual's personality. So, as the most important physical educational objectives in schools, in order to take important steps based on the physical educational ideals and goals, they should possess characteristics of philosophical mindedness. In this respect one might say that the most important reasons in the success or failure of instructors might be this very case. Therefore the general objective of this research was to study the amount of philosophical mindedness of secondary school physical educators and studying its difference and relationship with a number of their personal characteristics. To perform the research, 55 teachers were selected at simple random from to be taken as sample group. And then, through a researcher-developed questionnaire, the amount of their testable philosophical mindedness was tested. Furthermore for statistical analysis of the results, the soft ware computer (spss) based on the research hypotheses were used.