پژوهشنامه فیزیولوژی ورزشی کاربردی
پیاپی 9 (بهار و تابستان 1388)

The aim of this research was to study of the effects of steroids on hematological andliver factors in the male bodybuilders.Ten athlete bodybiulders served as theexperimental group, those who were taking Oxymetholone drug during a period of 6weeks exercise training, and 10 athletes (only exercise training) served as the controlgroup. Blood samples were taken before and after the athletes took the drugs andtraining. Considering the pre-test and post-test, the data were studied by using t-teas.The results showed that at the level of α= 0.05, there was significant difference in theconcentration of Hb, HCT, SGOT and SGPT in experimental group. Also there was nosignificant difference in RBC and WBC in both experimental and control groups.. In theother hand, steroids abusing increase Hb,HCT,SGOT and SGPT in the serum.Theseresults show that steroiddrugs can have negative effects on the bones and liver tissues.

The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of a selected program of aquatictherapy on pain, function and time movement of women with mechanical low back pain. 19 subjects were randomly divided into two experimental and controlled groups (age of experimental group 47±8.77; age of controlled group 34.67±1.130; BMI of experimental group 24.13± 5.31 and of controlled group 25.07±2.43).The experimental group did aquatic therapy exercises 3 days a week, whereas the second or controlled group did the exercises one day a week. The exercises were stretching, warm-up, deep water exercises and cool down for a period of 80 minutes. The variables consisted of pain, function and time movement. Assessments were carried out in three stages and completed in 6 weeks. The data were analyzed using ANOVA (repeated measurement) & independent T test & Wilcoxon. Results indicated a significant differences in low back pain (P<.001) and positional pain (P<.001) after doing the exercises. They was a significant difference in function (P<.001) and time movement(P<.001) in the experimental group too. The results show that the aquatic therapy exercises caused improvements in the variables considered in this study.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three training programs on thelevel of agility, Vo2max, maximum power, minimum power, average power, fatigue index, decremental index of amateur soccer players. Thirty six soccer players in Abdanan (mean hight 159±3.94 cm, weight 55.96±4.08 kg, age 16.05±.5 years) were randomly selected and assigned into three groups (intermittent, specific training in form of small-side game (ssg) and games player). The training was three times a week for 6 weeks. The intensity of the three training programs was similar according to heart rate (.75-.95 HR max progressively) and time. Illinois test, 12- minute running test, and RAST test were used in pre- and post-test respectively. Collected data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni analysis was used to Test significant main effects and interactions. The level of significance in all statistical analyses was set at p<0/05. Results showed that intermittent and SSG training groups significantly increased vo2max, anaerobic capacity, decremental index, and maximum and minimum power in comparison to games play. The fatigue index was significantly improved in intermittent and gamesplay training groups. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups, and just for the SSG training group there was an increase in the fatigue index(no improvement was detected). As for agility variable, there a significant improvement in the three groups after 6 weeks. Comparing the three groups, there was a statistically significant difference only between the SSG training and games play group. No significant difference was found between SSG training and intermittent groups in spite of more decrease in time for the SSG training group. Based the results of the study, it is recommended to employ specific training in preparatory programs, because such training, in a similar amount of time improves the physical fitness factors of amateur soccer players better than the other groups.

The purpose of this research is a survey of the effectiveness of three different treatmentapproach to patellofemotal pain syndrome. For this purpose, 24 patient affected by patellofemoral pain syndrome with an average age 40.89 were divided in to two groups of exercise therapy and physiotherapy. The exercise therapy group used strengthening and stretching exercise, the physiotherapy group, on the other hand, used ultrasound, TENS and patella mobilization technique. The instrument used included; VAS scale, Kujala questionnaire and step and skate testes. The VAS scale and Kujala questionnaire were completed before the starting of the therapeutical program and at the end of every week for the evaluation of the subject’s pain and subjective faction. The functional test of step and skate were also used before the starting of the therapeutical program and at the end of the sixth week for evaluating subjects objective function. The data obtained were analyzed by the SPSS software and statistical tests of repeated measured ANOVA, Wilcaxon and Mann-Whitney U in the significant level (p≤0.05). The results showed that the exercise therapy had significant effects on the rate of pain and function of the patient affected by patellofemoral pain syndrome after the sixth week treatment and showed the function improvement and significant pain decreased at the end of fifth and sixth weeks respectively (p>0.05). According to the research findings we can conclude that the patients affected by patellofemoral pain syndrome react to the exercise therapy programs rapidly and appropriately.

The purpose of this study was to examine body composition changes, selected factors ofphysical fitness and the inter-relationships among them in beginner adolescent in response to three months’ volleyball exercise training. 28 nonprofessional volleyball players of "Shomal Sports Complex" participated in this study. The exercise training program was performed in three months (three inconsecutive days a week and 1.5-2 hours per session). The factors for measurement included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), circumference and skin fold of selected parts of body, body composition factors, anaerobic tests, agility tests, dynamic test of muscular endurance. The results found from data analysis (using Paired Sample ttest, in level of α = 0.05) suggest that an insignificant increase was observed in body weight and BMI, a significant decrease found in %BF, FM, skin folds of triceps, femur, subscapularis, abdomen and chest, a significant increase observed in FFM, circumferences of arm, elbow, femur, calf, abdomen and chest, an insignificant decrease was found in calf skin fold. Also a significant increase was observed invertical jump, length jump, to & fro and jump upon line, a significant decrease found in 4 × 9 meter of agility and an insignificant increase was observed in sit up. No significant correlation was found among body composition factors (length of inferior limp, high, weight, BMI, %BF, FM and FFM) with selected tests of physical fitness, either before the start of exercise training or after it. However, a major reason of progression in physical fitness record could be improvement in body composition result in regular exercise training.

The effects of different types of physical exercise on energy balance and homeostasis arewell established. On the other hand, during and after exercise our body will recruit several mechanisms, among neuropeptides and peptides (ghrelin, leptin and AGRP) to keep energy balance and haemostasis. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the response of serum AGRP to a single session of circuit–resistance exercise (10 exercise/stations, 30s per exercise, and nonstop at different intensities in young male college students). Thirty young male physical education students (21-28 years) volunteered in this study w randomly assigned either %40, %60, and %80 1RM groups. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the exercise. Data was analyzed by using a T-dependent test and one way analysis variance. The results indicate that a reduction in serum AGRP concentration was only significant (P<0.042) in 60% of 1RM and a significant change was not found between groups. The current data indicate that circuit resistance was able to reduce serum AGRP which is considered as an orexigenic peptide. The result also indicates that an exercise-induced temporary anorexigenic status might be explained by a reduction in this peptide.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect 8 weeks endurance training on the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis system response to exhaustive training inthe young male rats. Forty- eight rats were divided randomly into control and experimental groups and subgroups. The experimental training programs were carried out for five days a week at the progressive treadmill with a defined speed and duration for eight weeks. Exhaustive training group performed 5 mins running with speed 20 m/min, 10 min with speed 25 m/min, and then with speed 30 m/min into exhaustion phase. Blood samples were drawn following 12 hours overnight fasting. The fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) were measured by clotting and ELISA methods, respectively. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measure and independent t-student tests. Statistical significance was accepted at P≤ 0/05. The results showed the exhaustive training has increased fibrinogen and APTT levels and decreased PAI-1 concentration. On the other hand, 8 week of endurance training lead to a decrease in fibrinogen (P≤0/000) and APTT (P≤0/049) levels in training group in comparison with control group. Furthermore, PAI-1 value was significant in training group in comparison with control group. Also, 8 weeks ofendurance training induced significant changes in the resting fibrinogen (P≤0/056), APTT(P≤0/013) levels in training group in respect to control. These findings suggest the exhaustive training causes coagulation system simulation and endurance training with moderate intensity can improved exhaustive training-induced impairment on haemostatic system and prevent thrombus events.