فصلنامه روانشناسی تحولی: روانشناسان ایرانی
پیاپی 21 (پاییز 1388)

hronic illness can put adolescents at risk of such dis- orders as depression, which may lead to rejection by peers. This study compared depression and peer rejection in chronically ill and in healthy adolescents. 33 chronical- ly ill and 33 healthy students from Tehran's high schools were selected by multistage sampling method. Participants completed the Peer Rejection Questionnaire (Tah- massian, 2005) and Child Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 1992). Results demonstrated a singnificant correlation between dep- ression and peer rejection (r=0.41, P=0.001). The chronic patient's averages of depression and peer rejection were higher than that of healthy students (P=0.001). There was no gender difference in depression among chronically ill stu- dents. However, chronically ill boys reported more peer re- jection than girls.

amples of 163 disabled men (53 paralympics ath- letes, 50 athletes and 60 non-athletes) completed the Bar-On (1997) Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The results of ANOVA showed both groups of athletes had hi- gher levels of emotional intelligence than non-athletes. MANOVA revealed that paralympics athletes had higher sco- res in self-actualization and independency subscales than disabled athletes. The athletes scored higher in self-awa- reness, social responsibility, interpersonal relationships, problem solving, stress tolerance and happiness subscales than non-athletes

his research compared the usage of stepwise and ridge regression models in the field of industrial psy- chology when independent variables are correlated. Three hundred twenty nine randomly chosen industrial men per- sonnels of Isfahan completed the Manager’s Leadership Style Questionnaire (Gerstner & Day, 1994) and the Job Satisfacation Questionnaire (Brayfield & Rothe, 1951). Ac- cording to the results of stepwise regression analysis, the managers’ emphasis on the “grievance investigation” was the only factor that predicted job satisfaction among person- nels (β= 0.84, P<0.05). However, the results of ridge regrs- sion analysis demonstrated that besides grievance investi- gation, learning significance and perceived organizational justice also predicted job satisfaction (respectively β=0.6, P<0.05; β=0.2, P<0.05; β=0.2, P<0.01). Although the ex- plained vairance based on stepwise regression (R2=0.7) is more than that based on the ridge regression (R2 =0.6), the results derived from this method seems to be more realis- tic because of accounting the multiple collinearity.

ight months after the destructive earthquake in Bam, the Impact of Event Scale (Horowitz et al., 1979) was given to a random selection of 129 women and 45 men, who had survived the disaster in order to assess the PTSD’s prevalence and two kinds of responses including intrusion and avoidance. Results indicated that, on average, 93.7% of the survivors suffered form PTSD with a high level of se- verity and showed the intrusion responses more than avoi- dance ones. There were no gender differences among parti- cipants in the prevalence of symptoms of PTSD and in avoi- dance and intrusion responses. The results were interpreted based on the Conservation of Resources theory and cultural differences.

n order to assess differences in intercorrelation coef- ficients among the three components of proactive co- ping, external locus of control, and attitude towards the world 172 Iranian students (50 male, 122 female) and 146 Lebanese students (66 male, 80 female) responded to the Psychosocial Competence Scale (Tyler, 1978), Rotter ’s In- ternal and External Locus of Control Scale (Rotter, 1966) and Rotter Trust Scale (1967). Findings revealed that in the Lebanese sample, with the rise in external locus of control and a more positive attitude towards the world, proactive coping decreased whereas in the Iranian sample higher ex- ternal locus of control was coupled with lower proactive coping. The relationship between external locus of control and attitude towards the world was insignificant in both groups but this coefficient was significantly larger for the Iranian group. Differences in social and political structur- es of the two countries are discussed as the main reason be- hind these findings.

he sample of 120 sophomore high school students majoring in mathematics answered two items of the Homework Process Inventory (Cooper et al, 1999) about the amount of time students spent on homework and the percentages of math homework completed, as predictors. Aca- demic achievement was measured based on averages on two mathematics final exams. Results of hierarchical regre- ssion analysis showed that student's gender and the percen- tages of math homework done accounted for changes in aca- demic achievement. However, mother's level of education and student's gender did not modify the relationship bet- ween academic achivement and the two homework indi- cators.

he goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between personality characteristics and a need for cognition. A sample of 109 female and 82 male studensts from various universities in Shiraz completed the Big Five Personality Factors Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1999) and the Need for Cognition Scale (Cacioppo, Petty, Kao, 1984). Finding demonstrated that the need for cogni- tion is correlated positively with openness to experience, conscientiousness and extraversion and negatively with neuroticism and no correlation with agreeableness. But just the openness to experience could predict the need for cog- nition (r2=0.18). The implications of the research about the need for cognition are discussed.