مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد
سال نوزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 89، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1396)

Hearing loss is a common sensorial disorder. There are approximately 360 million affected people all over the world. More than 50% of hearing loss is because of genetics factors. About 70% of inherited hearing loss is due to non-syndromic hearing impairment that Autosomal- recessive inheritance is responsible for about 80% of cases. Autosomal recessive non syndromic hearing loss is very heterogeneous and more than 50 genes have been identified for it. The aimof this study was to investigate the role of DFNB42 (ILDR1) and DFNB35 (ESRRB) mutations in 25 families with ARNSHL from Khuzestan Iran.
This descriptive study was based on linkage analysis and selected 6 STR markers for each locus. This study was performed for 300 individuals from 25 families that had at least two affected, also they had consanguineous marriage. In this study, it was investigated mutations of GJB2 and 3 families with positive result for mutation in GJB2, were excluded from our study.
With linkage analysis, none of selected families was linked to DFNB35 or DFNB42 loci. This study showed that the ILDR1 and ESRRB mutations have no role in hearing loss in studied families.
This study shows that mutations in ILDR1 and ESRRB genes have no important role in incidence of hearing loss in Khuzestan province. This result suggests that studying of other loci that are involved in deafness, can be helpful to identify genetic causes in this disease in the studied population.

Diabetes is chronic disease which induces increase in lipid profile. The aim of the present study was to review the effect of moderate intensity endurance training and lipid lowering genistein in diabetic rats.
48 diabetic rats selected and divided in 6 groups of 8 rats: 1) first week control 2) last week control, 3) moderate intensity endurance training 4) genistein consumption 5) moderate intensity endurance training with genistein and 6) sham. For investigating the effects of diabetes induction, 16 health rats divided in 2 groups of first week control and last week control. During 8 weeks rats of groups 3 and 5 ran on treadmill 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes per week with speed of 10-17 meter per minute and groups 4 and 5 consumed 30 mg/kg genistein daily. For statistical analysis of data used one way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (P≤0.05).
Induction of diabetes decrease HDL and increase TG, Cho, LDL and VLDL of rats significantly (P≤0.05), endurance training, genistein consumption and endurance training with genistein have significant effect on increase of HDL and decrease of TG, Cho, LDL and VLDL of diabetic rats (P≤0.05). Also endurance training with genistein rather than genistein consumption has more effect on reduction of LDL and increase of HDL (P≤0.05).
Moderate intensity endurance training and lipid lowering genistein have interactional effects in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Type 1 diabetes is a multifactorial disease that combination of genetic and environmental factors can develop it. Viruses, Enteroviruses in particular, are major environmental candidates in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. In order to clarify the relationship between Enteroviruses and type 1 diabetes mellitus in Iranian patients, it was investigated presence of enteroviral infection in serum from patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
In this case-control study, to detection enteroviral RNA, it was used Nested-PCR, and ELISA to detection different classes of anti-Enterovirus Abs. Statistical tests used in this study was Fisher's exact test and Chi-square.
Nested-PCR for Enterovirus was positive in 12(34.2%) from 35 samples while only 1 healthy control (2.8%) was positive and there is a significant relationship between two groups (P The results of this study show that the prevalence of enteroviral infection in people with type 1 diabetes is significantly higher than in healthy individuals. The study indicated some correlation between type 1 diabetes mellitus with Enteroviruses in studied population of patients.

Pain is the most popular of mental pressure that human face with. Based on the role of psychological factors in the formation and persistence of chronic pain and disability caused by it, this study was aimed to determine the fitness of cognitive-personality model of generalized anxiety disorder to explain the perception of pain in patients with chronic pain.
This study was conducted in the context of a correlation research in the type of structural equation. The sample were consisted of 210 patients (146 female and 64 male) referred to a specialized pain clinics in Rasht city that based on clinical interviews had generalized anxiety disorder symptom, and they were selected by available sampling and were completed perception of pain, worry, rumination and neurosis questionnaires. Data were analyzed by using descriptive measures of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation model.
The results showed that neuroticism is associated with pain perception by mediated role of worry in people with pain disorder (P0.05).
The research findings revealed that worry and neuroticism variables involved to explaining the perception of pain in patients with chronic pain and generalized anxiety. Therefore, more attention to cognitive and personality structures in the area of chronic pain is necessary.

Tissue engineering facilities can be used for repair of bone defects. Recently mesenchymal stem cells have continued to draw considerable interests due to their applications in tissue engineering. These cells have ability to distinct to osteoblasts. Several growth factors control to distinct stem cells to osteoblasts. Plant metabolites also like growth factors can control differentiation process. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oleoresin from turmeric plant (Curcuma longa L.) on the increase of differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cell to bone cells.
The human mesenchymal stem cells obtained from bone cells were treated by 5 and 15 µM of oleoresin .The cytotoxic effect of oleoresin was studied by MTT test, and the role of oleoresin on differentiation was investigated by alkaline phosphatase assay and alizarin red staining.
The results of MTT test showed that 24 h after treatment of cells by oleoresin, oleoresin significantly increase the proliferation of cells and had no toxic effect (P The results showed that the oleoresin has positive role only at initial stages. Oleoresin has several active components such as curcumin and volatile oils which promote the differentiation of stem cells to osteoblasts cells.

Ovariectomy is a standard experimental model of menopause in rodent to investigate postmenopausal women . The aim of this study was to evaluate effects acute and chronic estrogen deficiency on lipid profile and glucose serum in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
In this experimental study, Twenty-four adult female Wistar rats were divided into three groups of eight rats. The first group: sham-control, Second group: ovariectomized rats (for five weeks), Third group: ovariectomized rats (for fifty five weeks). Blood samples were taken from the right cardiac ventricle in each group at the end of the study. Fasting blood glucose and Lipid profile biomarkers such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were determined using enzymatic procedure. VLDL and Atheroginc index were calculated according to computational procedures.
The results indicated that short time ovariectomy cause increase glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein ,TG/ HDL ratio and Atherogenic index than the long term ovariectomized rats .
These results suggested that long term estrogen deficiency after ovariectomy, improving lipid profile and blood glucose levels compared to the short time estrogen deficiency during ovariectomized rats.

Disruption of pronation magnitude and timing lead to knee Osteoarthritis, that it can be treated by lateral wedge insole under foot. There were inconsistent results that maybe arising from different inclination or used techniques. The aim of current study was to assess the effect of lateral wedge insole with different inclination using Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
75 subjects were participated in this study. Lower limb kinematics was recorded at five conditions including, running with regular shoe, and regular shoe with 3°, 6°, 9° and 11° lateral wedge insole at rearfoot. Then, principal components (PCs) of pronation were calculated by PCA. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of lateral wedge insole on foot eversion and pronation index (PC1).
The 9° and 11° lateral wedge conditions lead to significant increase in eversion angle. However, in addition to the 9° and 11° lateral wedge conditions, 6° lateral wedge showed significant differences with regular shoe. In addition to reported clinical results, the PCA method revealed that 6° lateral wedge insole has significant effects on foot mechanics.
The eversion angle could not exclusively present the foot pronation, and all of three movement planes should be considered for accurate results. The PCA method provides more accurate criteria for investigating pronation.

Silver is the metal as a safe and effective antibacterial agent which can be raised more than 650 types of microorganisms such as bacteria and virus. Common indicator used to assess water quality and compliance with standards to determine the presence of total coli forms and fecal coli forms are bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanosilver on inactivation the coli forms and fecal coli forms from drinking water.
This bench-scale experimental study was carried out in a batch system on artificially contaminated water samples prepared by adding 10 ml effluent to 90 liters of distilled water. In each run, the nanosilver (30-180 μgL) was added to 6 containers of contaminated water and then a sample was taken every 20 minutes for a 100-minute period. The samples were tested by 15-tube series method based on the instruction no. 9221-B of 21th edition of standard method book on water and wastewater experiments (21st edition).
Results revealed that the coli forms and fecal coli forms inactivation significantly increased with increasing the contact time of nonosilver (P=0.001), but there was no significant correlation between the nanosilver concentrations and coli forms and fecal coli forms inactivation (P=0.13). The maximum coli forms and fecal coli forms inactivation (76.2, 65%) was achieved within 100 minutes contact time for 180 μgL of silver.
Based on the current results, it can be concluded nanosilver treatment is effective in coli forms and fecal coli forms inactivation from contaminated water and advice as a new method for water disinfection.

One of the mechanisms that thought to underlie social anxiety disorder is dysfunction in attentional control. The current study was designed to compare attentional control deficits in the three group: normal, with social anxiety disorder and with comorbidity (social anxiety disorder and depression) students.
The design of present study was causal-comparative. Statistical population of this study contained all normal female students, with social anxiety disorder, and with comorbidity of social anxiety disorder and depression in Lorestan University in academic years 2015-2016. With a single-stage cluster sampling method, 534 students completed the social anxiety and depression questionnaires. Then, according to the cutoff point of questionnaires, students were qualified enter the stage of clinical interview. Finally, 90 students, 30 students were selected in each group, and then performed color-word Stroop test. The results were analyzed with SPSS software, MANOVA and Tukey post hoc test.
Results showed that between social anxiety disorder and normal groups was not significant difference in the attentional control (P People with Social anxiety disorder only when showed attentional control deficiencies, they suffering from current comorbid depression. These finding revealed in addition to helping in identifying the underlying mechanisms involved in this disorder, importance therapy attention to attentional control deficiencies when person suffering from comorbidity of social anxiety and depression.

Production and synthesis of new phitochemical drugs against diseases such as cancer are the important efforts that happened recently. Triterpens compounds are important in biological and pharmacological properties, but because of low solubility in aqueous solutions, are less considered. Cyclodextrins as natural nanocapsules are comprised of glucose units. One of the characteristics of them are create complex with hydrophobic guest molecules in nanopores its. In this study it was tried to provide betulinic acid combined with cyclodextrin and nanocapsules containing medicines and its effect on cancer cell line MCF7 was examined.
In this experimental study, first 5, 10 and 15% cyclodextrin solutions were prepared and combined with an equal amount of betulinic acid and then was stirred for 24 hours by rotary devices. Then, by HPLC, betulinic acid value was calculated for each concentration. Then normal and cancer cell lines were prepared and were divided in the control group, treated with CD, treatment with betulinic acid, and treated with nanocapsules containing BT. The cell morphology, cell proliferation and cell survival rate were studied. Results by SPSS software ANOVA and t-test at P The results of HPLC showed that BT amount is 51 micrograms in 5% of solution, 58 micrograms in 10% of solution and 57 micrograms in 15% of solution. The results of morphology and cell survival showed that the nanoparticles containing BT compared to other treatments have inhibitory effect on the proliferation of cancer cells (P Using cyclodextrin nanocapsules can be increased solubility of insoluble compounds and it can be used as a drug delivery system and increase the solubility of the drug.

Abnormal serum levels of adiponectin have been observed in obesity, type II diabetes and insulin resistance, but also in patients with psychiatric disorders. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks high intensity interval training on adiponectin levels and improvement of motor proficiency in adolescent boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
In this quasi-experimental research, twenty adolescent boys (mean age: 12.7±5.3 years) with ADHD were randomly allocated to high intensity interval training and control groups. The training protocol included 20 meters running 3 times a week, with the repetitions of 4 times at the first and second week, the repetitions of 5 times at the third and fourth week and the repetitions of 6 times in the fifth and sixth week for six weeks. At the beginning and end of the sixth week adiponectin levels and mean scores of motor proficiency were assessed. Independent t-tests were used to assess the effectiveness of the exercise.
Data analysis showed that high intensity interval training enhanced serum adiponectin levels (P=0.004) and the mean scores of motor proficiency (P=0.001) significantly in experimental group.
Generally, the present study revealed that high intensity interval training as an effective method has a positive impact on weight loss, increased level of serum adiponectin and improvement of motor skills in adolescents with ADHD.

Sepsis is one of the serious infectious diseases in the neonates and infants that is potentially life threatening. The aim of the current study was to identify coagulase negative Staphylococcus and their antibiotic resistance patterns in Neonatal Sepsis in the neonates and infants hospitalized at Ghrazi Hospital, Sirjan.
In the cross-sectional study, 140 blood samples were obtained from neonates and infants hospitalized in a period of time from June to November 2015 in the Sirjan, Kerman and then evaluated based on many items such as: BC(blood culture)/sex/age/admission date/weight/type of birth/admission ward/clinical findings/predisposing factors. All of these informations were acquired from patients profile. All of the isolated S. epidermidis strains were confirmed by PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method.
of 140 blood samples, 10 CoNS strains were isolated. Evaluation of EDTA tube and molecular identification confirmed that 6 isolates were S. epidermidis. The results of disk diffusion test showed that most of them were susceptible to vancomycin and novobiocin and the most of them were resistance to cefixime, ceftriaxone and Cephalexin. In the work, half of strains (50%) were resistance to oxacillin. So, they were methicillin resistance S. epidermidis (MRSE).
Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (S. epidermidis) is most common cause of sepsis. The specificity and sensitivity of PCR for detection of this strains in the emergency condition was useful.

Acid Red 18 dye is one of the most consuming dyes used in textile industries causing increased environmental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the wastewater of textile industries before discharging to the environment using effective methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of Acid Red 18 dye from aqueous solutions using ash prepared from almond shell.
In this experimental study, Acid Red 18 Dye was used as the candidate of Azo dyes. Almond shell was activated using thermal method (ash preparation) and utilized in a batch system in order to remove the dye from the aqueous solutions. Experimental operation was conducted in the following conditions: pH (2-12), contact time (15-20 min), rate of adsorbent (0.2-2 g/l), the initial concentration of dye (25-100 mg/L), and experiment temperature 25±1 °C.
The results showed that the highest rate of removing Acid Red 18 (90%) is obtained from the ash prepared from almond shell at PH 2, contact time 60 min and adsorbent dose 1.6 g/l. In addition, the balance data was fixed to Langmuir & Freundlich isotherm models indicating a better correspondence of the data resulted from the present study with Langmuir adsorption model (R2= 0.9782) than Freundlich adsorption model (R2= 0.9579).
The results of the present study showed that thermal activation of almond shell and its usage in controlled conditions is an effective method for removing Azo dyes from textile wastewaters.

Objective of this research was conducted to evaluate the validity of this device to measure the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles, compared with that of radiography and also to evaluate its Intera-tester reliability and Inter-tester reliability.
To evaluate the validity of spinal mouse device in measuring angle values of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, 20 subjects who referred to one of the Imaging Centers of Tehran to get full spine radiography in profile view according to prescription of specialist physician, were selected. Input and output indexes were assessed and measurements were performed by two methods in one day and no spaces. Finally, angles in the X-ray method with Cobb way and in the mouse spinal with results recorded on the screen, were compared with the Pearson correlation coefficient.To assess Intera-tester reliability 30 male students of University of Theran were randomly assigned included into the research so that measurements in three times in three consecutive days, As well as for Inter-tester reliability 15 male students of University of Tehran in two time with an interval of one minute were measured by two examiners. The result were analyzed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient.
Results of Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that the spinal mouse device has desirable validity in measuring angle values of thoracic kyphosis (r=0.81, P=0.001) and lumbar lordosis (r=0.86, P=0.001) compared with radiography image. Also Intera-tester reliability and Inter-tester reliability of spinal mouse device was desirable for measuring angle values of thoracic kyphosis (ICC=0.92, ICC=0.79) and lumbar lordosis (ICC=0.89, ICC=0.87).
spinal mouse device as a non-invasive safe device and a proper substitute for radiography image for measuring angle values of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis.

Therapists has considered the play therapy as an effective intervention for behavioral problems of children. The aim of this research is to study the effectiveness of school-based group activity play therapy on behavioral problems among preadolescent's male students from shahrekord.
A quasi experimental field design with pretest, posttest and control and placebo groups using the multistage random sampling method for each of the experimental, placebo and control groups, 15 participants (45 in total) were selected. For assessing the behaviorial problems, teachers report form was used. The experimental group received 16 sessions of group activity play therapy during 8 weeks and the placebo group received 16 sessions of instructions and competitive play. The control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariance covariance.
The results showed that play therapy based on group activity caused a reduction in internalizing behavioral problems on experimental group, but had no significant impact on the reduction of externalizing behavioral problems.
Based on play therapy literature and the findings of this research, it is suggested that the educational system of Iran acts on establishing play therapy centers as one of the most effective counseling and psychotherapy interventions for children in the elementary schools.

Septicemia is one of the most common diseases of infancy associated with high morbidity and mortality. In various papers, the incidence of Septicemia varies in neonates reported with suspected sepsis. The aim of this study was to estimate the overall prevalence of Neonatal Septicemia in Iran and investigate its general trend in the country by systematic review.
The studies were carried out using the valid keywords in domestic and foreign databases including Sid, Magiran, Irandoc, Medlib, Iranmedex, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Pubmed, Springer, Science direct, search-engines and Googlescholar. The results were combined using random effects of meta-analysis model. The variance of each study was calculated using the binomial distribution of the heterogeneity of studies, and I2 Index. Stata software was used for data analysis.
The sample size was 13889 in 26 studies. The overall incidence of Neonatal Sepsis was estimated 14.3% in Iran (CI 95: 12%-16.7%). The incidence rate of sepsis in boys and girls was estimated in seven studies with a sample of 2268 people 26.7% (CI 95%: 13.3%-40.2%), and 23.3% (CI 95: 12.4%-34.2%). Graph of meta-regression showed that the incidence of Septicemia has declined over the years 1996-2010, but this reduction was not statistically significant.
Neonatal septicemia is highly prevalent in our country. Since nosocomial infection factors play a significant role in the neonatal infection with sepsis, with training the personnel present at the Neonatal Units and NICUs, it can be prevented from Neonatal Sepsis. Some of the trainings include practice of health recommendations such as hands washing. Using disposable tools, strong and standard disinfectants and proper cares of the umbilical cord can be pointed out in this regard.