نشریه میراث و گردشگری
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1395)

Although from a long time ago tourism has recognized by most of religions and civilizations, but in last decades is getting more important by introducing globalization, especially cultural globalization. Special Attitude of Schools and ideologies to existence, world and human, has brought them to interpret tourism based on their values and norms. By using descriptive-analytic method and archival resources, this study aims to analyze Islamic and western worldviews and try to answers this question: what are the differences between Islamic and western worldviews in tourism planning and development? Findings show that Islamic outlook to tourism management imply affirmative and privative views simultaneously. Accordingly pink tourism, wine tourism and casino tourism included as privative ones and cultural heritage tourism is one of the best affirmative ones. Also based on Quran, human heritage preservation as god’s properties, is a must.

Historical houses and conventional architecture of them is affected by the culture of their builders and residents and considering their crucial roles of them in material and spiritual life; it needs essential approach in protection, maintenance and revival. The present study is conducted for the aim of Codification of guidelines of tourism development at historical houses as reviving elements of historical contexts. Sample size of the research was 40 experts of the cultural, handcraft and tourism heritage organization which have completed a questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire is confirmed by the experts and its reliability is established by Cronbach’s coefficient α, measured 0.739. The results of formation of the matrix of assessment and expression of the strategy demonstrate that in “So” strategy, the best way for introduction of monument is increasing the reputation and awareness about the historical house. In “Wo” strategy, the most important way is increasing information and propaganda by entering capitals and in “St”, the most appropriate strategy is familiarizing people with special architecture and decreasing traffic volume between available monuments in the region. Finally, “Wt” strategy recommends increasing monument visit by change in appropriate usage of the monument and it emphasize on increasing the information and awareness of people.

Tourism or touristy is an industry with the foundation of traveling and sightseeing. It is
considered as one of the most important modern human activities that could make
changes in political, social, economic, and cultural situations of societies. In this
industry production and consumption exist together and happen at the same time.
Development of tourism produces jobs and improves the economy and enhances
investment opportunities in the region. Hence, it can fulfill economic, social, and
cultural needs of the area.
Cities of Abadan and Khoramshahr which now called “Arvand free zone” were two of
the major tourist sights of the country not too long ago. But war, followed infrastructure
destruction, and lack of proper planning have caused them to lose their primary position
in tourism. This district includes many natural beautiful tourist attraction sights like
palm groves, picturesque villages, Karoon and Bahmanshir and Arvandrood rivers,
inner cities historical and commercial and industrial and cultural tourist attractions and
also variant connective roads and buildings affected by war (which gives them historical
value too). Having those all on top of being located in the free zone make this region a
strategic one. This region can take back its place in tourism by organized and accurate
planning. This planning for the tourism improvement will be possible by understanding
of the capacity of each area for tourism, and then making a plan based on its potential
capabilities. This research is trying to introduce Arvand Free Zone tourist sights
utilizing analyticsl methods and also studying the foundation of tourism. Accordingly,
we identify the axes of attractions and tourism in the region, through the identification
and evaluation of internal and external factors affecting this important industry
techniques with SWOT, sustainable tourism development strategies are provided.

Political, economic, technological, and competitive environments have always been
influential on tourism industry. Tourists tend to choose destinations that not only offer
cultural and historical attractions but also are more economical in comparison to other
destinations. Tourism services and political situation between the origin and destination
countries are of importance too. Therefore, the purpose of current study is to analyze
influential environments on Esfahan tourism industry. The nature of this research is
descriptive-analytical and the information has been gathered by field study approach
and desk study. Statistical populations of this study are 105 tourists interview in
Esfahan plus 60 tourist specialist and officials. Descriptive statistics (frequency
distribution, standard deviation, mean), inferential statistics (one sample run, chi-square,
Kendall’s W ranks, Pearson correlation coefficient) have been used to gather
information in this research. Descriptive and inferential research shows that tourists are
not satisfied with technological, economic, political, and legal environments. According
to Kendal’s W ranks in 99% certainty, tourists’ satisfaction level of technological
environment is at most 2.78 and at least 1.98. The results of Chi-square Pearson
correlation coefficient shows with 95 % certainty that there is a meaningful and direct
relationship between poor quality of different environments in Esfahan and the number
of tourists. Also according to Kendall’s W ranks by 99 % certainty, legal and political
problems by 2.88 and economic problems by 2.26 have respectively the most and least
effects on tourism industry.

Health Tourism in general and medical tourism in particular is one of the Types of
tourism that its annual income in the world estimated to be about a hundred billion
dollars. Medical tourism which has a rich history, in recent centuries organized and
Private and governmental organizations have benefited from the interests. In this paper,
By statistical analysis of Statistics Organization a and three important indicators such
hospital density, the size of hospital and The population density pressure on hospitals
By GiZScore method or the Z-Score method of Arc GIS software to determine the
critical provinces to earn a clear assessment of the provinces to create and promote
medical tourism that we realized that the medical centers and the number of beds is
Primary needs of the province. Western Azerbaijan has a large population, but the
number of hospital beds is limited. Sistan and Baluchistan more than 99 percent due to
the absence of major hospitals and Western Azerbaijan more than 99 percent because of
the population density pressure on hospitals is not desirable for medical tourism.

Today, health tourism is one of the most important sectors of the tourism industry in the
world the development of this industry, especially in countries that seek to achieve
sustainable growth, is particularly important it is one of the industries representing
cultures and employment for the countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate
the health and health potential of Mashhad city with the approach of health tourism. The
present study was conducted in terms of applied and descriptive-analytical method. The
studied area is the Mashhad metropolis to develop a general and theoretical foundations
of documentary and in order to analyze the relationships between research variables and
the answer to the research questions is from the GIS software. To analyze the
availability of each neighborhood to the hospital and hotels and analysis of public
services in these places in the same neighborhood, scattered data on the Euclidean
distance formula is used. The results of the research show that hotels have no access to
health services, and there is no adaptation between the distribution of hotels and
hospitals and the distribution of public services in Mashhad. Studies show that
Mashhad's neighborhoods are in poor condition in terms of having access to health
services and public services. While the neighborhoods of Imam Khomeini, Ahmedabad
and Fatemiyeh have the largest hospitals and public services. As this makes the
difference in access to health care services, this is one of the weaknesses in health care
in Mashhad.

Iran is a country with several tourist places for the foreign tourists. This issue can attract
many tourists as well as it positively can affect the economic growth and income
distribution. Therefore, based on the importance of this point, the present paper tries to
study the tourism relationship and income distribution based on the time series data
(1976-2014) using ARDL model. The results showed that over a short time, arrival of
the foreign tourists is along with the negative and significant effects on the Gini
coefficient. In other words, the arrival of foreign tourists decreased the income
inequality. Also, during the long term, the coefficient of foreign tourists with -0.01
coefficient decreased Gini coefficient. As a result, this index decreased the inequality
during the long term. Based on the results, it is clear that tourism industry decreased the
inequality in Iran whether it happens during long term or short term.

Shandiz_Torghabeh region is one of the most important tourism areas of Mashhad. So
many and different tourism projects were done or are doing in the region. Therefore the
environmental impacts this projects shall consider seriously to sustainable development
are seen in the tourism sector in this region. For quantitative assessment of the
environmental impacts of tourism project, Leopold matrix was designed with 30
activities and 50 environment factors. Then, with using of maps and qualitative and
quantitative features of region natural, social and cultural, each factor with each project
activity was compared and based on the impact spatial extent and magnitude was scored
with the range of numbers to -5. After completing the matrix, value numbers,
mathematical sum and values average were calculated for determine the extent and
magnitude of impacts. The tourism project impact on region environment is in range -
4/1 to -5. Also at this study, evaluation the potential of region for tourism development
is discussed with using of multi-criteria evaluated approach to name of weighted linear
combination method with the application of fuzzy technology and GIS. Finally the
matrix result was compared with region potential map for tourism. According to the
results of this study region potential for considered development is low and the
probability exist that the proposed tourism project create the intense and irreparable
impacts in the considered place.