فصلنامه فرهنگ زیارت
پیاپی 26 (بهار 1395)

One of the common features between Shia and Sunni is respecting and honoring the dignity of the Ahl ul-Bayt (a.s.). All Sunni - except Wahhabis – love Imams of Ahl ul-Bayt (a.s.) as the holy Prophet’s offspring and go to visit their graves. Sunni tradition sources are rich of traditions in which the virtues of Ahl ul- Bayt (a.s.) are enumerated and their love and friendship is ordered. Although Sunni as well as Shiite do not believe in Imamate of the holy Prophet’s offspring but hold a special Respect for the shrines of Ahl ul-Bayt and go forth sometimes to visit their holy graves. Even some Sunni like Shia seek recourse through Imams of Ahl ul-Bayt (a.s.) and know them the grace intermediate of the Lord. Sunni books also addressed the issue of intercession and there are many hadiths about it. This article is aimed to one of the commonalities between Shiite and Sunni, namely respect for Ahl ul-Bayt (a.s.) and on the four basis of some hadiths in Sunni books, upon four pillars of “love of Ahl ul-bayt”, “Pilgrimage”, “resort” and “courage” is examined.

All Islamic sects and denominations have agreed on the necessity of love of the Ahl ul-Bayt (a.s.) and the true love of Ahl ul-Bayt as the beginning of following and obedience and also moving in the path of the Ahl ul-Bayt (a.s.). The holy Prophet (s.a.w.) considered such love as the condition of faith and a means for guiding to God and it is noticed in the Holy Qur’an that Muslims are rewarded for their friendship of Ahl ul-Bayt (a.s.). The firstcondition of loving Ahl ul-Bayt (a.s.) is obedience to God and to avoid sin and everyone claims the loving of infallible family of Ahl ul-Bayt (a.s.) should be true followers of these honorable men in practice;and put avoiding the sins as the frontispiece of his life. A person who enjoys the love of Ahl ul-Bayt in his heart flourishing from the Ahl ul-Bayt (a.s) cognition holds following them as an obligatory and establishes a strong connection among the “knowledge”, “Love” and “following”. In the traditions to disobey the orders of God described as enmity of the Ahl ul- Bayt (a.s.) and apparent affection, without adherence to the law and shari’ah is considered futile. The love of Ahl ul-Bayt also is expressed as atone for the sins which have committed from ignorance, and unawareness. This article, based on the Quran and traditions, stated love of Ahl ul-Bayt (a.s.) a condition of salvation and adherence to the law as a sign of love, and affection as atone for the inadvertent sins.

Numerous traditions are narrated among the Shiite about the characters and high status of Imam Husayn (a.s.) and it is obvious to everyone that what a great place is the position of Sayyid al-Shuhada (a.s.) in the hearts of Shiites. Shiite of Imam Sayyid al-Shuhada (a.s.) put a particular respect to his honorable Tomb and seek bless and heal from his turbat. Despite the fact that in Islam, it is forbidden to eat any dirt, eating a little bit of Torbat-e Imam (a.s.) for healing (Istishfa) is permissible. Imams (a.s.) also were considering to ask healing from the torbat of Sayyid al- Shuhada (a.s.) tomb because God the Almighty placed leadership and Imamate in his generation, healing on its soil and torbat, and granting of the prayer next to his grave and shrine. Benefits, effects, and virtues of Husayni turbat are inexhaustible and unending and one who went there seeking healing, must first understand the position and status of Imam Hussein (a.s.), kiss the Clean and pure soil of that shrine, put it on the eyes and the accomplish the rituals of seeking healing, and then eat the soil as much as a pea. ThisarticlestatingvirtueofseekingcurefromthesoilofSayyidal-Shudada(a.s.), points out some rituals and manners of seeking healing from that pure turbat.

Karbala the most important and the holiest city among Shiites is located in Iraq. The city in addition to the cultural and religious significance in the history of Shiism, has passed vicissitudinous days throughout the history of Shi’ism and always has been the epicenter of major events. Karbala especially in the last two centuries, has experienced traumatic events and over again confronted Wahhabis influx, rulers of other lands and even aliens. The holy city has been the birthplace of authors, scientists, and politicians who were in charge of important scientific and government posts in contemporary times. Karbala economy based on production and export of date palm and the people of this town are consisting of many tribes that have long been committed to hold religious ceremonies. Also in the past two centuries, the rest of the Iraqi people, including the Jews began to buy land around the city. This article from the perspective of authors who have written about Karbala, introduces the city and some great individuals.

In the religion of Islam and in particular among Shia denomination, a great importance is given to women and their role in social relations. Shia women with their fathers, brothers and their wives played a strong role in promoting Islamic and Shiite culture. Among Islamic countries, Iraq and the city of Kufa, historically, has always been important context of religious, cultural and social events and left behind vicissitudinous days. Kufa women as well as women who were somehow connected with the city and lived in the city had an important role along with men in revolutionary movements and the Shi’ite uprises in Kufa and stood to the death over their faith; So that highlighted role of some of the honorable individuals in the revolutionary movement and the Shi’ite uprises in Kufa is irrefutable. This article has introduced some of these champion ladies in three axes including “women in the battle of Siffin”, “Women in Karbala ‘and’ women after Ashura event” and also has reported a short description of their roles and performances in the Shiite revolution in Kufa.

Mirza Rahim Badkubeie was born in the second half of the thirteenth century AH, and after spending the early stages of studying at the seminary in Baku, in order to take advantage of the great scholars of his day, headed to ‹Atabat in Iraq and in the seminary of Najaf, presented the classes of Akhund Mulla Mohammad Kazem Khorasani and other great scholars such as Sheikh Abdullah Mazandarani, Haj Mirza Hussein Khalil Tehrani, and Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Kazem Yazdi. Sheikh Badkubeie in Najaf, organized Najaf Seminary Board, composed of 25 scholars and jurists of the city in which in addition to legal, jurisprudential and scientific issues, had special ideas and stancein political issues such as constitutionalism in Iran. Badkubeie in Najaf, stablished Mortazavi School to educate Muslim community and with his pen and steps walked towards Islamic unity and proximity among religious sects and denominations. . He did not bear the colonial British and Russian governments, and believed the economic dependence on the superpowers pave the way for political bondage of Muslims in the clutches of colonialism. Mirza Rahim in his life was not safe from envy and slander of the closeminded and ghoulish arrow; so that some malicious always tried to defame and denigrate his manners.

Seyyed Muhammad haroun Husayni Zangypoury, was one of the Shiite scholars, orators and authors from the Indian subcontinent with a proper perception of the time needs and a promoter of religious teaching in accordance with the age requirements. He was skilled in poetry and prose in Arabic and Persian and fascinated Shiite and Sunni scholars. Although he lived only 45 years, more than 40 works left from him, one of which is his journey report to the Holy Shrines of Iraq. He went to that sacred journey in 1328 AH, and after returning to his hometown, began to write this travelogue. He began his spiritual journey from one of India›s deprived areas by sea to Bushehr and Basra and then through the Tigris river to Baghdad and Kadhimiya and then to Samarra, Karbala, and Najaf and returned to Karbala. His travelogue is important because accurate and valuable information about culture and unique features of the city of Karbala, as well as scientists is reported for the readers.

Among the various gates of Damascus in the old days, «Baab Jayrun» in the East of Damascus in which the construction date belongs to the era of Prophet Solomon (a. s.) is of great importance to Shiites; because according to historical reports, the convoy of Karbala prisoners entered Damascus from this gate (Baab) and due to crowd or throwing stone by a beldam, the holy head of Imam Husayn (a. s.) fell down in this place and later a mosque was built there called al- Siqt mosque. Years later, the enemies of Ahlul-Bait (a. s.) destroyed the mosque, but Shiites and lovers of Ahl ul-Bayt rebuilt it again. The destruction and reconstruction of the enemies and Shiites repeatedly have done until one of the Ottoman governor banned reconstruction of the mosque. Now, after many years, the ruins of the mosque seen behind an iron fence and its oral history among Shiites and lovers of Ahl ul-Bayt (a. s.) has been recounted. This short article while introduces the al- Siqt mosque and its history, reports about the holy mosque from credible sources.

Najaf from the time of Sheikh Tusi To the current date was one of the cultural, social and political Islamic lands and always influential Shia authorities and scholar of the city had an important role in the Muslim world. Najafi Scholars link with other countries has been established through the followrs, pilgrims and their representatives. Publications in those years had a significant contribution to the development of scholars› verdicts, and promote of social vision in gaining documentary news, images of handwriting, verdicts and also prevent rumors and hearsay. The book «Najaf News» in two volumes, was reflecting the cultural, political and social city of Najaf in the Farsi press of inside and outside of Iran. The book is an allfaced mirror of the social situation in Najaf and the role of Najaf seminary scholars in the contemporary cultural social and political relations and its content is based on collected documents. This article while introducing both valuable volumes of this book, enumerates the contents of each volume in several axes and on each axis cites parts of this book and other resources.