فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناختی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 43، تابستان 1395)

The present study was carried out in order to examine the efficacy of sand play therapy in the treatment of children who have depressive symptoms in low socio-economic class.
Multiple baseline experimental single case study was used as the method of the present study. Three children of low socio–economic class with the mild to moderate depressive symptoms were selected via using purposeful sampling. Participants completed child depression inventory (CDI), Child symptom inventory (CSI-4), five questions scale of depression and children self-concept scale (CSCS). Treatment program was carried out for 14 sessions and twice a week, with a follow-up period of 3 months subsequent to treatment termination.
Results have showed that sand play therapy is significantly efficient on treatment's target.
this research shows that sand play therapy has appropriate efficacy in the decline of children s depressive symptoms.

Aim: The purpose of this research was to study the mediator role of interpersonal vulnerability in relation between emotion dysregulation and borderline personality traits in monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
Statistical population was monozygotic and dizygotic twins, member of Persian twins and multiples association. The participants consisted of totally 250 individual in each group, aged at least 18 years old. They were selected with simple random sampling and answered to the Schizotypal Trait Questionnaire (STB), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) and Zygosity Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis methods.
The results showed interpersonal vulnerability had mediator role of the relationship between emotion dysregulation and borderline personality traits in monozygotic twins, but this was not obtain for dizygotic twins.
According to the research sample, we conclude that heritability can play an important role on dominating the borderline personality traits.

Reading is one of the fundamental skills which help people to gain and understand new information and concepts. Current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of working memory and visual perception improvement training on the improvement of reading performance in students with dyslexia. Present research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design. Study sample consisted of 30 second and third grade elementary school boys with dyslexia that were studying at the learning disability centers in Kermanshah in 2012-2013 academic year. The participants were matched according to their characteristics. Then the students were randomly assigned to experimental (n= 15) or control (n= 15) groups. The experimental group received 10 one-hour sessions of working memory and visual perception improvement training. Data were collected using Reading and Dyslexia Test (Karami Noori & Moradi) and were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results showed that working memory and visual perception improvement program had significant impact on the improvement of reading performance and its components including word reading, word string, rhyme test, image naming, word understanding, sound omission, and letters and signs test while the effect of the program was not significant on understanding the text, read nonwords and pseudo-words, and signs test categories. It is suggested that working memory and visual perception improvement program be used as a complementary treatment for individuals with dyslexia.

The present research aimed to examine the effectiveness of psycho education on express emotion and decreasing severity of diseases in patient with obsessive compulsive disorder. The study utilized quasi-experimental design with pretest - posttest along with control group method. The population included all of the clients referring in the summer of 1393 to the psychiatric department of Imam Hussein Hospital, in Tehran. The sample group was involved 27 OCD patients and random assigned in experimental (n=12) and Control (n=15) groups. All participants filled Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) & Level of Expressed Emotion scale (LEE), then intervention was applied to experimental group base on MultiFamily Behavioral Treatment (MFBT). The intervention was performed in eight sessions (2 hours per session) to OCD caregivers. In order to analyze data analysis covariance (ANCOVA) method was applied by SPSS v22. The research results indicated that psycho education was effective on expressed emotion and its factors: (intrusiveness, emotional response, negative attitude toward illness, Tolerance/Expectations) as well as reducing severity of OCD in patient. The findings were supported by previous studies, too. According to these findings, psycho education as an effective intervention in the treatment suggested.

The purpose of this study was to compare anger, anxiety, depression and academic performance of bullies, victims and normal students. The statistical population of this research included all first-grade male high school students in Ahvaz during the academic year of 1391-1392. The participants of this study were 138 students (34 in bullying group, 35 in victim group and 69 persons of the same classes as their number matched normal group), who were selected by cluster randomly. The instruments used in this study were Children Depression Inventory (CDI), Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) and Anger subscale of Aggression Questionnaire And to measure academic performance ,average were used The results of Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) showed that there were significant differences between anger, anxiety, depression and academic performance of bullies, victims and normal students. Depression in victims was more than the other two groups and in bullies more than the normal students. Also, there was no difference in anxiety of bullies and victims, but it was higher in bullies and victims comparing to normal students. Moreover, the bullies’ anger was higher than the two groups. Also, the victims had more anger than the normal students. Finally, academic performance was higher in normal students, comparing to the two other groups, and that the bullies’ academic performance was lower than the two other groups.

Rape as a traumatic event has long-term psychological effects such as cognitive disorders. In this study the performance of Everyday Memory in rape victims with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is investigated. The samples of this study were selected from a group of girls and women with PTSD of rape as an experimental and a group of girls and women without PTSD and rape as a control. They were matched by age, education and social- economical level. They were completed Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress-21, Rivermid Behavioral Memory Test-3, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. The averages of two groups were compared with one way ANOVA. Results show that the performance of PTSD samples in everyday memory ,verbal memory and future memory is weak and there are significant differences in terms of memory performance between two studied groups. Consequently, it is concluded that raped group suffer from memory deficit. On the base data, suggest to investigator attention to the other types of memory additionally.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy emphasing the effect of verbal self instruction (VSI) method on reducing affectiv lability, irritability, depressed mode and anxiety in female students with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Among 345 female students belong to Azad university, psychological college, south Tehran branch, 322 students with PMS, were determind and then 32 students with PMDD were selected and divided randomly in experimental and control groups (each group comprising 16 students). The method of this research was semi experimental design using pre-test and post-test with control group. The students in the experimental group received 12 sessions of VSI therapy and no control group. Questionnars based on DSM-5, with high validity and reliability, were distributed between them. Deta analysis were done through the analysis of covariance. The findings by pre-test controlling showed that VSI method significantly decreased symptoms among experimental group. And four hypothesis were approved. As a result, VSI is an effective method in reducing 4 main symptoms in students with PMDD.
Keywords: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder; verbal self instruction.
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This study aimed to determine the role of repetitive negative thinking as mediators of association between perfectionism and social anxiety. Materials and
The method of this study was descriptive-correlation. Among all of the students of Imam Khomeini International University in Qazvin, who were on the number 7030 people in 1394, 200 persons were chosen by random sampling. Data was obtained by using Ehring Perseverative thinking questionnaires (2010), Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(FMPS) (1990) and Connor social phobia questionnaire (2000) and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling.
foundings showed that repetitive negative thinking mediates the association between perfectionism and social anxiety.
perfectionism and repetitive negative thinking have the role of predictors for social anxiety. So that, with increasing the perfectionism and repetitive negative thinking, social anxiety increases, too. The perfectionists that have repetitive negative thinking trait, incur more social anxiety. For treatment plans of social anxiety, should be noted to perfectionism and repetitive negative thinking specially that are propounded as Transdiagnostic processes.