فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناختی
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 44، پاییز 1395)

This study was aimed at predicting internalizing and externalizing problems based on Cloninger temperament and character model. Cloninger proposed a solid theoretical framework on character with emphasis on biological parameters that pertains for both normal and abnormal personalities. This model includes four dimensions (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence) for temperament and three dimensions (self-directedness, self-transcendence and cooperativeness) for character. To achieve this goal, 500 male and female students were selected from high schools of Mahallat using cluster sampling method. Achenbach Behavioral Problems and Cloninger Temperament and Character Inventory were administered. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling via AMOS software. The results showed that %42 of internalizing problems and %36 of externalizing problems can be explained by temperament and character. Harm avoidance could positively, and persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness could negatively predict internalizing problems. On the other hand, novelty seeking positively and harm avoidance, reward dependence, self-directedness and cooperativeness could negatively predict externalizing problems. These findings can be applied in etiology of behavioral problems and preventive strategies.

High prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and problems arising from it, highlights the importance of searching novel therapeutic strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional working memory training on improvement of symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder were For this purpose, 30 people with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder selected by available sampling scheme and using 2 instruments SCID-I and CTRS. Then, they were assigned randomly in to two experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group were under emotional working memory training during 15 sessions. All participants were assessed during pre-training and post-training by SNAP scale. The results of analysis of covariance indicated that the experimental group compared with the control group showed significant decrease in symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in post-test stage. The results of current study indicate that emotional working memory training can be an effective intervention for improvement of symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation on depression and anxiety symptoms of female adolescences. The study employed a quasi experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The population consisted all female students of seventh, eighth and ninth grade at Four - area schools in academic year 2015-2016 in Shiraz The sample consisted of 160, 13-15 years old female adolecents in these schools were selected by convenience sampling method. Among these, students who obtained the score higher than one standard deviation from the mean in symptoms of depression and anxiety, (38 students) were selected. Finally, with regard to the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of the study, 30 students were chosen randomly and assigned in to two experimental and control groups. Research instruments were Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), respectively. Mixed analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that cognitive emotion regulation training reduced emotional symptoms of depression but there were not a significant difference between control and experimental in other symptoms as well as an overall score of depression. In addition, cognitive emotion regulation decreasd all the symptoms of anxiety. The findings of this study support the effective role of cognitive emotion regulation program on symptoms of depression and anxiety, especially in adolescents. Based on these findings, the cognitive emotion regulation can be used as a new method of intervention in reducing symptoms of emotional disorders in adolescents.

Grief is one of the most painful experiences of human after linking emotions. In the literature of trauma, grief and mourning can be seen on many topics. The longer the period of mourning, intervention and treatment of grief seems necessary. In this regard, the study aimed at examining the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on life expectancy and spiritual health of student’s grief. This study was a quasi- experimental design, pretest and posttest with a control group. Population of this study were grieved students at Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2014-2015 years. By using purposive sampling method, 30 grieved students were selected and assigned randomly into the two experimental and control groups. For gathering information, Snyder’s hope questionnaire and spiritual health questionnaire were used. The two groups completed the questionnaires at pre-test an post-test, but, the experimental group participated in the cognitive behavioral therapy based on life expectancy and spiritual well-being sessions. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The data analysis showed that cognitive behavioral therapy increasing life expectancy and spiritual health and there were significant differences between the two groups score. Method of cognitive behavioral therapy helps people to confront the emotional drain and grief acceptance, and this increases spiritual health of students.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy combined with pharmacotherapy in compare to pharmacotherapy alone on depressive symptoms and anger in patients with dysthymia. Method of this study was a clinical trial that referred to two of the psychiatric clinics of shiraz university of medical sciences. Using convenient sampling .We selected 50 patients and assigned them into experimental and control groups. Having dysthymia or double depression diagnosis, being older than 18 y/o and having at least diploma were the inclusion criteria and psychosis, addiction and personality disorders were the exclusion criteria of the study. The control group received only medication while the experimental group received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in addition to medication. The group therapy was held in 8 sessions of 2 to 2.5 hours for 8 weeks. The patients filled out Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Finally we analyzed the data using ANCOVA statistical test. The findings showed significant decrease in severity of depression and anger among the experiemental group compared to the control group. So we can conclude that adding mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to pharmacotherapy compared to pharmacotherapy alone can cause significant improvement in depressive and aggressive symptoms in patients with dysthymia.

The present research aimed at examining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on improving the quality of life and self-compassion of mothers with educable disabled children. The present study was quasi-experimental with the pre-test, post-test with control group, including follow-up stage after 45 days. For this purpose, among the care centers of the educable disabled children, the two Shamim and Saadat Centers were chosen. Among mothers of these children, the mothers who obtained lower scores (according to the standard cut-off point) in the scales of the quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and self-compassion. By purposive sampling method, 30 people were assigned into the two experimental (N=15) and control (N=15) groups. Then, the members of the experimental group participated in 90 mines 8 sessions of group training based on acceptance and commitment therapy. After finishing the training sessions, the questionnaires were conducted on both groups, again. The data were analyzed through the analysis of variance with repeated measures. Due to the effect of group training of acceptance and commitment therapy, the results showed significant differences between the scores of the experimental, control group and further, the follow-up stage on the quality of life and self-compassion. According to results, we could conclude that the group training of acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as an easy, low-cost and effective method with a vast applicability on improving the quality of life and self-compassion of mothers with educable disabled children.

The objective of this investigation was the effectiveness of group interpersonal therapy (IPT) on affective, social adjustment and self-assertion of women with marital dissatisfaction. This research was semi experimental with pretest-posttest design. Using Bell`s Affective , social adjustment questionnaire and Shiring`s assertiveness questionnaire. 30 women who had marital dissatisfaction with low affective, social and self-assertion were randomly selected and were voluntarily assigned to experimental and control (15 person in each group). The experimental group received 10 sessions of Klerman`s interpersonal therapy techniques(one or two session weekly) and the control group did not received any intervention. After the intervention, affective, social adjustment and self-assertion of the control and experimental group were measured again. The findings were analysed using multivariate covariance analysis(Mancova). Calculated F for hypothesis and sab -hypothesis showed significant differences in both groups. This research confirmed the results of other studies and showed that IPT had effective role in increasing affective, social adjustment and self-assertion of women with marital dissatisfaction.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of solution-focused brief therapy on aggression in children and adolescents. The participants of the study consisted of all the female elementary and high school students of the city of Sari, who enrolled in the academic year 2010-2011. Two schools were randomly chosen from the above-mentioned schools using multistage cluster random sampling method. Achenbach experienced-based measurement system was administered among them. 32 children and adolescents who had the behavioral problems in the clinical boundaries (aggression), namely that their test scores were higher than 60, were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire was used to collect data, which was administered as both the pretest and posttest. The content of solution-focused therapy sessions was provided according to the solution-focused therapy thesis by De Shazer. Data analyses were achieved through the one way ANOVA. The results of the ANOVA indicated that the mean scores on aggression in the experimental groups had significantly decreased in comparison with the mean scores on aggression in the control groups. Thus, it can be concluded that solution-focused brief therapy was effective in reducing aggression in children and adolescents.