مجله توسعه تکنولوژی صنعتی
پیاپی 11 (بهار و تابستان 1386)

The technology، after the outbreak of industrial revolution and the far-reaching changes of twentieth century، entered the human life rapidly and changed it substantially. The human utilized different technologies day by day with a motive of achieving more welfare and security، and after a while the technocracy was considered in human societies; in such a way that tools found key role in his life little by little. Human expectations in all fields were gradually answered by technology، thus technology (technology exclusiveness) found its way out. At this time، technology removed the tradition and culture from human lives unnoticeably and replaced all key words of their lives by the definition as it prefers. Therefore، it leads to the point where technology took over the role of God، and the human was caught in that trap completely. Subsequently، all aspects of human life such as culture، environment، employment، economy and any other imaginable areas were influenced deeply by technology، about which we interpret it as a «technology trap» which is the subject of the present article. To face this far-reaching development and not to be caught in this sparkling trap، there are some methods، for sure. Accepting any technology is not necessary، but the very determining factor is the spiritual nature and believes of the society into which the technology enters. By removing the unsuitable aspects of the new technologies، any society can use them based on its valuable cultural، historical and religious backgrounds. In this article، having presented the technology definitions، the dominant conditions of today''s world in facing the widespread phenomena of technology are studied. Finally، in order to prevent from being surprised and the consequences arising from unquestioning acceptance of different technologies، some methods for evaluating and foreseeing the technology are presented. Therefore، utilizing the technology in architecture can be done suitably and selectively in any society.

In this writing، the technological collaborations between the foreign companies and a group of internal companies supplying the parts، equipment، goods، and professional services of Iranian Petroleum Industry are studied. In order to upgrade the technological level and fulfill the task master satisfaction، the latter companies have entered the area of inter- organizational and technological collaborations with the foreign companies through which، boosting the competence ability with respect to other competitors، utilize their new know-how and technologies of those foreign companies. By using a credible pattern، these kinds of technical collaborations among companies are studied. Having analyzed the current status of the members of the group under study، the suitable organizational mode for any technological collaboration between two companies is presented. Finally، the present difference between the current trend of collaborations and the pattern proposed situation is interpreted and the other reasons are explained too.

Nowadays، technology is considered as one of the most important factors of economic and industrial development of the countries undoubtedly. In facilitating the transfer and exchange of the technology in local، national، regional، and international levels، various methods are used in different parts of the world. As a center and reference of technology exchanges، the initiation of market technology is accounted as one of the advanced and new mechanism towards the mentioned object. In Iran، there is no cohesive and intentional discipline and structure in technology exchange and transfer; this brings about many problems for technology suppliers (including elites، universities، R&D centers،…) and technology demand ant (such as governments، various industries specially small and medium enterprises، investors and،.. ). In this article، having studied the discussion of the technology exchanges discussion and presented briefly some market technologies in Europe and Asia، a market technology pattern is proposed in national level for Iran by using field study and interviewing with market technology experts and the related areas (such as technology rights، technology evaluation and marketing، professional backgrounds of technology، supporting funds And، etc…). This article، in fact، presents and describes the mission and objects of the different sectors، ownership، internal process and market technology communications، and also the prerequisites of initiating market technology in national level in Iran. Needless to say، using the other countries experiences and paying attention to prerequisites and primary infrastructures will help those in charge of planning، more suitably and comprehensively.

In the recent years، in spite of the rapid development of many technologies from experimental point of view، their commercialization is the main hinder of these technologies’ development، and nano-technology is not an exception. In commercializing a research plan، different categories of infrastructure، culture، management، and economy are involved which can delay its trend by introducing challenges. In this article، the present related challenges are studied and recognized.

No long-term economic benefits of a technical and technological achievement can be obtained if it is not distributed throughout the whole system. All developed industrialized countries (some of the developing ones too) have compiled and followed many plans and policies with the aim of promoting the technology distribution in the recent years. In this respect، special attention is paid not only to suitable policy making (with the aim of speeding up technology distribution and strengthening the relation of technology users and producers) but also to create and develop the supporting and infrastructural systems of technology distribution. This writing، based on the policy of technology distribution to small and medium institutes، is an effort to upgrade their technology levels، make the technology attraction capacity improved، and finally boosting their competitiveness in internal and foreign markets. To materialize these، therefore، it is necessary the factors facilitating the technology distribution process to be recognized، and the government policies for strengthening and executing these factors should be founded.