پژوهشنامه ادب غنایی
پیاپی 9 (پاییز و زمستان 1386)

Literary texts bear textual resemblance and similarity among themselves;and they influence each other lingually,rhythmically and sementically. Literature symbolises a streamline wherein there exists no turbulence. Every text is absorbed and transformed into another text. In other words, literary texts which come into being depends on mental creativity of an author. These texts are influenced by the ancient texts by making certain changes in them and by breaking the norms and making new innovative approaches. At times, poets and writers in the course of creating their works cross the limits of being influenced to the extent that they seem to emulate the previous text to the extent of similarity in words and their meanings. Many poets who have appreciated sonnets of Hafiz are also related in the same manner. Apart from the Iranian poets, many poets across the borders have also considered the sonnets of Hafiz and have followed them. From these persian poets stands Valaiee Haider Abadi. The main theme of this article is to study the textual resemblance of both Valaiee Haider Abadi and Hafiz.

This article is a study of the unique and esteemed character of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)in Hadiqa e Sanai. It is the first greatest and voluminous compilation of mystic poetry in Persian literature which is full of noteworthy descriptions, thoughts, depth in wisdom, linguistic and eloquency, religious and Quranic references which due to maturity, modernity and innovation is followed and adapted by many poets after Sanai even by his contemporary poets. A part of the third chapter in Hadiqa exclusively consists eulogies of the Holy Prophet(PBUH) and undoubtedly after the first chapter which is about the oneness of God, comprises the best thoughts, contents, sentiments, images, interpretations and syntax. Most of the eulogies of the Holy Prophet in Hadiqa describes his intellectual status, character, inward attributes, moral behaviour and some others give description of the outward characteristics of the Holy Prophet(PBUH). The author has selected difficult verses from this chapter and has tried to explain and analyse the divulgence of thoughts, eloquence, language, Quranic, mystical and verbal references in these verses and has tried to find out Sanai’s view regarding the personality of the Holy Prophet in Hadiqa.

Mirza Mohammad Taghi, nomdeplume Bahar is a poet, writer, journalist and a researcher who has left behind some work in prose and poetry as memento. Bahar’s poetry is lucid,energetic and intimate in which the poet has presented the themes along with some elegant poetic images.The ability for creating image has always been a specific privilege for a poet, therefore the poetic images (simile and metaphor)in Bahar’s poetry have been studied in this article. In this article poetry and image have been defined briefly, moreover the frequency of similes and metaphor, their subject matter(elements of image)compactness and expansion as well as the poet’s purpose for using such images has been explained. The end of the article comprises the discussion related to the suitability of poetical image with the topic.

Abdul Rahim son of Sheikh Abu Talib Najar Tabrizi is one of the eminent and effective intellectuals of the constitutional period of Iran. This Iranian thought provoker is one of the efficient thinkers of Qajari period in Iran who has tremendously struggled to promote new ideas and raised freedom movement in Iran.Talbof during his life passed through a period which can be known as the period of increasing western dominance on the political, social and economic life of the Iranians. It was at this time when for the first time the problem to adopt the western civilization came under consideration. Therefore the main theme of his work is to acquire western civilization and at the same time he opposes the influence of colonialism.Although Talbof like the other intellectuals is in the favour of acquiring western civilization but he intensely opposes all sorts of superficial paradigms from the west and he believes that adopting the western civilization there should be local assessment. The extent to which Talbof is in favour of acquiring western civilization he criticizes the European colonialism, and provides sufficient information regarding the Russian, English and French colonialism to his countryman. This article tries to explain Talbof Tabrizi’s view regarding the two aspects of bourgeoisie western civilization.

The main task of the author in this article is to study the poetry and stories of Boostan and Gulistan by Saadi Shirazi with the aim to know the poets perspective regarding woman whether she is a wife, mother, lover or female gender. Although it is not possible to find the deep view of the poet regarding woman by analysing and interpreting the contents of Saadi’s poetry and stories. But it can be said that it is one of the best ways to understand the poets observation in this regard at the time when less source is available for this topic. Despite the discrepancy in some verses and tales regarding this issue which seems natural (Just like different verses and stories related to other topics)Saadi’s overall view regarding woman can be easily studied.

To revolt against despotism and to rise against historic autocrats,with the titles such as Sultan,King,agents and activists, ministers and their relatives who commanded with the help of force and dissimulation over oppressed people and have become the reason of weekening huge masses of people and doing much cruelty, which has become a valuable subject matter in Persian poetry.Sanaie has also considered this as one of the principal subjects and has given his views and observations regarding the Kings and Ministers who as the political figures depended on position and power. This article is the study of his views and observations.

The reflection of poetry and thoughts of Hafiz is observed in the poetry of his successor poets. But this influence varies in their poetry. However, we can surely claim and prove that Zeybonnesa is among the few poets who has been influenced by Hafiz in all poetical aspects. For example the rhythm, rhyme, and rhyming lines in most of her sonnets are in harmony with those of Hafiz. Words and syntax of their sonnets are at times similar and at times there exists minute difference between them. Among their poetical thoughts there are also many identical or similar stances.

Character is the term used for collective instincts, inclinations,qualities and habits of an individual, which means a collection of materialistic, spiritual and ethical qualities which is a process of joint action of basic fundamentals, hereditary characteristics and acquired disposition which appears in an individuals behavior, action, speech and thought which differentiates him from the other individuals(Younisi 1382,289). Literary work is also like a mirror which reflects the personality of the author, and like this the reader makes way to the author’s inner world. Character has been divided into several divisions such as: primary and secondary, stationary and current, simple and comprehensive etc. For example the characters in ‘Jaye khali Saloch’ are not static and motionless, and act dissimilarly in proportion to their age and social surroundings. The author of this article on one hand has tried to analyse the various aspects of the different characters in the novel ‘Jaye khali Saloch’ and on the other hand has tried to apparently show the linkage of other different elements such as speech, time, place and scene with the characters.