Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research
Volume:11 Issue: 4, 2013

Besides necessary knowledge and skills، the Major aim of Medical school is to train students to achieve lifelong learning competencies. Curriculum is the most powerful tool in developing such skills. This study was designed to determine if the current curriculum of general medical course oriented to lifelong learning in Army University? This was a Descriptive- analytic study. The data were collected with using a researcher constructed questionnaire. Data was determined current curriculum of general medical course with lifelong learning approach in Army University. The data Analyzed with SPSS 16 by t- test and Pearson tests. The results showed orientation of current general medical curriculum with lifelong learning almost non favorite. Objective، teaching and evaluation were almost acceptable. Content، educational atmosphere were almost non-acceptable. By emphasizing on necessity of Lifelong learning Competencies، It is recommended to pay attention to effectiveness of Curriculum Planning.

Cholecystectomy is one of the most common operations in the field of general surgery. It has higher cost in operations with complication and in these cases mortality and morbidity will increase. The main goal of this research is the study and compare of cholesterol and triglyceride serum level in gallstone group and control group. gallstone disease was assessed in a case control study in Emam Reza hospital. Study include 37 cases (15 The role of Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride level in the etiology of males and 22 females) with surgically or ultrasonographicaly confirmed cholecystolithiasis and 35 cases (16 males and 19 females) as control outpatient and hospital admitted patient without debilitating disease (such as umbilical and inguinal Hernia) over age of forty. Mean age in stone group was 54 years and in control group was 57 years. mg/dl respectively were compared with control series with cholesterol and triglyceride levels 176 mg/dl and 121.8 mg/dl respectively (p=0.258 for cholesterol &p=0.368 for triglyceride). Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in gallstone patient was 193 mg/dl and 135.9 Gallstone patient had higher serum cholesterol and triglyceride level than control group but these differences were not statistically significant.

Cocaine by effect on central nervous system inhibits reuptake of monoamines (serotonin، norepinephrine and dopamine) to presynaptic terminal and increases their concentration. Monoamines such as serotonin cause analgesia at the spinal level. This study investigates the effects of systemic and spinal administration of cocaine on pain sensation and the relation between these effects and serotonin. Male Wistar rats (200-250g) were set in groups: saline (i. p)، saline/DMSO (i. p)، cocaine 25mg/kg (i. p)، saline (i. t.)، saline/DMSO (i. t.)، cocaine 100µg/10µl (i. t.)، cyproheptadine 33µg/10µl (i. t.) and cyproheptadine 33µg/10µl/cocaine 100µg/10µl (i. t.). Tail flick latency was measured before and after administration. Intraplantar formalin was used for induction of chemical pain. The data was analyzed by T-Test and ANOVA. Pain in both phases of formalin test was reduced in both cocaine 25mg/kg (i. p) (P<0. 01) and cocaine 100µg/10µl (i. t.) (P<0. 01). However، in cyproheptadine 33µg/10µl (i. t.)، was increased in the first phase (P<0. 01). In cyproheptadine 33µg/10µl/cocaine 100µg/10µl (i. t.)، the part of pain reduction induced by cocaine was reversed، in both phases (P<0. 01). In tail flick test the results of cyproheptadine 33µg/10µl (i. t.) showed reduced tail flick latency (P<0. 001). Inhibition of serotonin reuptake at the spinal level plays role in analgesic effects of cocaine probably، because release of serotonin from the spinal serotonergic terminals causes inhibition of pain neurons and reduction of pain. In addition، inhibition of spinal serotonin receptors by cyproheptadine reduced part of analgesic effects of cocaine probably.

Evaluation of the potential impact of vaginal progesterone on both mother and fetus is necessary before expanding the indication of this drug especially throughout pregnancy. To evaluate the potential impact of vaginal progesterone on both mother and fetus. This case-control study was designed to collect data on the potential gestational diabetes mellitus complication associated with progesterone use comparing maternal and neonatal outcomes between 245pregnant women receiving vaginal suppository of Cyclogest (200mg) and 808controls without progesterone. The incidence of gestational diabetes was 9. 8% and 5. 2% in case and control groups، respectively (p=0. 039). According to linear regression analysis، there was a direct association between duration of progesterone usage and impairment of glucose tolerance test in group of cases (r=0. 43; p=0. 002). The use of progesterone for the prevention of recurrent preterm delivery could associate with an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of local pentoxifylline in reducing peritoneal adhesions after laparotomy performed on rats. In this randomized double-blind study، 30 male white rats weighing approximately 280-300 g were divided into two equal groups. In the control group، after induction of anesthesia and under sterile conditions، with a midline incision of 3 cm the muscles and the peritoneum opened. Animal cecum was determined by the surgeon and with one gauge، abrasions were made on antimesentric edge of cecum. Then the cecum was placed back in the abdomen and the abdomen was closed in 2 layers using nylon string “2-0” and running sutures. In case group all the above steps were repeated. The abdomen was washed with local pentoxifylline. After 2 weeks، rats were re- laparotomy. Blasting locations were studied in a previous surgery and adhesion were recorded from 0 to 3. And finally the data were analyzed by SPSS v. 11 software using of statistical tests. In all of control group، adhesion was founded. In case group adhesions were founded in seven cases. Adhesion rate difference between the two groups was significant (P=0. 013) According to obtained findings from this and other similar studies، the surgeons can reduced adhesions after abdominal surgery by using local pentoxifylline.

Clinical Governance now selected as a model to improve the quality of health care services in hospitals of Iran. in recent years Army hospitals have made good progress in implementing this model، but over several years there is no appropriate tool for assessing clinical governance in the country. First، researcher studid books and paper related to the subject and do a search on the Internet and with content analysis provide the necessary framework then provided draft validate by the panel of experts with Lavashh method. After the questionnaire used to assess the four Army’s hospitals. provided questionaire has eight areas; commitment to quality، clinical effectiveness، risk management، patient centerdness، staff management، information management، learning and clinical audit and has three dimention; infrasructure، deploy and results. Evaluation results show that hospitals in most areas are on average or closer to average Conclutions: The results show that a more coherent plan is needed to improve clinical governance conditions in armys hospitals.

With developing new methods of animal husbandry and increasing the prevalence of diseases، using of antibiotics becomes common in assurance of growth and prevention of systemic diseases and mastitis in dairy herds. Ignorance or negligence of withdrawal time or using more antibiotics than prescribed، are two common causes of antibiotic residues. Due to the harmful effects of drug residues on human health، it is important to monitor their residues in foods. 56 pasteurized milk samples of different brands have gathered from Tehran retailers haphazardly. Screening test performed by Delvotest kit and the positive samples referred for HPLC test. The results of screening test showed the presence of different kinds of antibiotics in 33. 93% of samples. HPLC determined that 26. 3% of positive samples (8. 93 % of total samples) were contaminated by tetracyclines more than Maximum Residue Level/Limit (MRL) and other samples had other antibiotics. According to dairy per capita consumption of Iranians، these rates of contamination affect considerable part of population especially vulnerable groups like children، pregnant women، elderly and patients. This research shows the necessity of legislative and food inspecting organizations to control and minimize these kinds of contaminations. More research is recommended on other dairy foods.

vermicomposting has attracted a wide research groundwork for a long period of time in the world and it، s reason would be due to the value of final product. Despite of wide investment on this industry in the advanced countries، we are new to this and treat it traditionally. The main aim of us for current project is to assess the process with AJA medical university kitchen waste material as the bed and amendments as the treatments in order to find out an economical method to manage these wastes and in addition، improve the process to produce the more useful product. base، added to them then maintained in greenhouse with temperature of 25 celsius and 60-70 percent moisture then the treatments gathered and the worms separated and samples dried in order to analysis. the two bed prepared with different materials and 15 grams of E. fetida، wet weight first treatment contained the cow dung and the second exclude it. organic material and carbon measured by combustion، Nitrogen by Kjeldal، Phosphorous by acid digestion and colorimetric method. results compared using CRD design by MSTATC software. compared to other. C: N ratio result was similar. total Nitrogen percent indicated no significant different. total phosphorus was significantly higher in cow dung contained treatment. organic material and carbon was significantly higher in treatment without cow dung when the both treatment resulted in useful product. Cow dung improved the C: N ratio and increased the phosphorous of final product significantly and this treatment reported as more efficient one. It can be interpreted based on the effect of Cow dung on variety (quality effect) and number (quantity effect) on microbial community of beds which leads to more suitable environment for worm activity and more efficient vermicomposting.

epidemiology and uropathological resistance pattern، this study aims to nominate the sample of active bacteria resistance in Urinary Tract. Since antibiotical treatment for Urinary Tract Infection should be based on an incident this study sensitivity was determined by diffusion disk assay for treatment in Urinary Tract Infection diseases has been taken into account. Demographic and past medical history was collected by a questionnaire. This descriptive-episodic study has been accomplished in Tehran-Iran in 2013. In in cotrimoxazol (51. 8%) and cephalexin (39%). The highest sensitivity respectively was seen in using of in our study 372 patients include 308 female and 64 males the highest resistance were seen ciprofloxacin (68%)، in pregnant period، the highest sensitivity in using of ciprofloxacin and the highest resistance were seen in cotrimoxazol. in this study was showed E. Coli is the most common microorganism in urinary tract infection

Wound healing represents a dynamic physiological process influenced by many factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extracts of aerial components of Teucrium polium on the tensile strength in rat. control groups. pressure ulcer were made over the dorsal thoracic region according to the shyn model. Animals were treated with topical hydro-alcoholic extracts of aerial components of Teucrium polium twice a day post surgery until complete healing was achieved. Tensiometry were then studied. Twelve Wistar rats were randomly divided into tow equal (n= 6) treatment and No significant difference in biomechanical parameters was observed among the ointment containing of extract 1%، vehicle and control groups. polium did not have any effect on healing of pressure ulcer in an animal model. Further studies are requiring for assessment of other extracts by different solvents of this plant on pressure ulcer wound healing. This study shows that topical application of Teucrium polium. Aerial components of Teucrium.

which uses radiation to destroy cancer cells while causing minimal damage to normal tissue and. Another cancer treatment method is photoelectron therapy، which is a new treatment for mass tumors. In this method، high atomic number drugs should be absorbed by tumor cells) while using carriers) so، their atomic number is increased compare to normal cells، which causes more damage to tumor cells when radiation is applied. Thus، applying accurate and effective photoelectron therapy would be possible. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors affecting uptake of Metrezoate labeled with gallium by lymphatic tumors in cell cultures.. Nowadays، radiotherapy is considered as one of the main methods in cancer treatment، numerous researches، Gallium was bonded with a contrast media (metrezoate). Malignant lymphatic cells Since uptake of Gallium by Malignant lymphatic cells has been reported in (Large Cell Lymphoma، Small cell Lymphoma and Bourkit Lymphoma) in specific colonies were grown in gel culture media. Metrezoate-gallium complex was added to the culture media in concentration of 50%، 60% and 75%. Then، absorbed volume was determined by the SPECT imaging system in 72 hrs post-addition of metrezoate-gallium complex and the cells count and the colonies area were measured. occurred 4 hrs post-addition of gallium-metrezoate complex solution. Obtained results in 72 hrs revealed that maximum absorption; count quantity and colonies area As results show، Gallium-metrezoate complex is significantly accumulated in malignant lymphatic cells. As effective atomic number of malignant lymphatic cells is enhanced، it is expected applying photoelectron therapy in this time leads to more effective treatment.

Central vein cannulation (CVC) allows administration of large volumes of fluids in short times and at high osmolaritiy for rehydration، volume replacement، chemotherapy and parenteral nutrition. Percutaneous central venous line insertion has replaced peripheral venous cut-down as the primary mode of short term venous access in children. regarding successful attempt for catheterization and early complication rates after the procedure retrospectively. 3264 subclavian vein cannulations in neonates and children were analyzed We had 1340 newborn patients (first 28 days of life) in our study population. In this group، only 55cannulations were failed، 1 patient were complicated with pneumothorax، in 21 cases guide wires became malfunction and only in 981 cases attempts to cannulation were successful in first attempt. In the remaining 1924 patients، 1 month to 8 years old، only 14 attempts to cannulation of subclavian vein was failed and in 1655 cases cannulation performed successfully at first attempt. CVC success rate was significantly higher in children older than 1 month compare to less than 1 month age (P=0. 03). with great success rate and low complications but in neonates less than 1 month age it has higher failure rate. Cannulation of central vein in neonates and children in a skilled hand would be performed

dimension، have an important role in times of crisisSo they need to get ready for the crisis. This study aimed to assess the disaster preparedness system is designed in selectedMilitary hospitals. Hospitals are the main referral center injured in accidents. Military hospital due to security questionnaire with 210 question was used for data collection and analysed with spss18. This is a cross - sectional، discriptive study in 12 selectedMilitary hospitals. A The overall rating of the hospital disaster preparedness was medium (56/80). not meet expectations andneed to revise the policy. According to essential role of the military hospital in disaster management، The results did

speaking development of human mycosis، innately depends on immune response and environmental distribution. Fungal disease are important health problems in Iran and considering environmental background of fungi، mapping important fungal disease may facilitate control planning and may help generate roadmap for more researches. It seems that ability of fungi for pathogenesis is an accidental phenomenon. In general disease in Iran were studied in a systematic literature review، using Pubmed، Iranmedex، SID. All data were arranged in a database and mapping distribution of disease were conducted by using ArcGIS 9. 3. All available papers including domestic and international journal about fungal pattern. 25 maps show important mycosis in Iran. Some of them seem to be localized and have spatial facilities or more prevalent of disease. Health system decision makers should note both these results، even by establishment of advanced Mycology laboratory or epidemiologic studies. Localization of reports on fungal disease may result from more developed diagnostic.

bones’ alignment and plantar pressure distribution. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of toe separator on plantar pressure redistribution in subjects with Hallux Valgus. Hallux Valgus is one of the most common foot deformities which could change the foot Methods and Materials: females with Hallux Valgus were recruited between students/staff of university of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences. The plantar pressure was measured by Pedar-X insole system. Tests were consisted of two walking trials: wearing standard shoe only and shoe with toe separator. The variables included peak This was a quasi-experimental study with IRCT code IRCT2013090314554N1. 20 pressure، force and contact area wear calculated for five regions in forefoot. (171. 6±44. 8) and first metatarsal (122. 7±26. 9، 111. 1±35. 1) and increased in 2-5th toes 69. 9±15. 3، 74. 8±17. 3). Also the contact area was significantly reduced in 2-5th toes (15. 5±2. 2، 16. 1±2. 1). there was no significant Using toe separator، maximum pressure was significantly reduced in the big toe 199. 7±45. 9، value in any variable at second metatarsal. The result of this study showed that toe separator could change plantar pressure distribution in the big toe and first metatarsal head area. Furthermore it could change plantar pressure pattern in Hallux Valgus subject to the more normal pattern.

Q-fever in humans and coxiellosis in animals. This bacterium can survive in the environment out of the Coxiella burnetii is the etiologicagent of a zoonotic disease which named specific host. Accordingly، it categorized by the CDC in bioterrorism agents ‘category B. Consequently، rapid detection of the bacteriumadministratesthe treatment of disease.

world and Iran scientific databases was conducted. This paper includes biological safety، cultivation and A review study on the different researches on laboratory diagnosis field in the detection assays.

Detection of Coxiella burnetii can be done byclassical methods (isolation، cultivation in the appropriate cell line such as P388D1، J774، and L929)، serologic tests (immunofluorescence، micro immunofluorescence، complement fixation test and ELISA) and molecular biology methods (PCR، Nested PCR and Real Time PCR).

While have existed kinds of detection methods for this agent، costly، need to specific laboratory and time consuming are the limitation of the mentioned techniques. Molecular methods due to accuracy and high rapidity in detection can be effective.

fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals also known as quantum dots or qdots are tiny light-emitting nanocrystals (2-10 nm) that have captivated researchers in many field from electronic، materials science to biological applications over the past two decades. This article is attempted to review current approaches to the property، synthesis، solubilization، and functionalization of qdots and their applications to cell and animal biology. The new generations of qdots have far-reaching potential for the study of intracellular processes at the single-molecule level، high-resolution cellular imaging، long-term in vivo observation of cell trafficking، tumor targeting، and diagnostics As particular properties of quantum dots that gives those suitable nominate for using instead of traditional materials in biological imaging. In following، the latest achieved researches on these type of materials are described and the works that are doing on them for increase solubility in water، biocompatibility، and hybridization with biological compound and also introducing them in biological system are expressed. In this review article، in the first physical and chemical property of quantum dots has been investigated. Some advantage and difficulty due to these properties in utilizing has been discussed and beneficial procedure for improvement and modifying them has been explained and in the last some quantum dots application in biological imaging has been stated.

and is a frequently encountered clinical problem in the aircrew population. Arterial systolic and diastolic Hypertension is the most prevalent risk factor for arterial disease in the industrialized world blood pressures are continuously varying quantities، influenced by a host of extraneous factors. Aviators with hypertension responsive to life-style modifications should have serial BP rechecks quarterly to semi-annually during the first year to assure success of the lifestyle modifications. Failure to achieve blood pressure control with lifestyle modifications، or an initial blood pressure average exceeding 160 mmHg systolic or 100 mmHg diastolic، requires initiation of pharmacotherapy. In this study we evaluate books، magazines، articles، guidelines and reliable websites related to aeromedical concerns and waiver considerations in aircrew with hypertension. by suppressed renin activity and sensitivity to dietary sodium، the other by high renin activity and a lack of response to sodium intake. Thiazide diuretics are certainly the initial therapy of choice، particularly for older subjects. Aircrew with blood pressure that is controlled adequately with thiazides، with no other uncontrolled Two major “types” of essential hypertension are generally recognized. One is characterized cardiovascular risk factors، and with no evidence of end-organ damage، are usually fit to return to unrestricted flying in military and civilian spheres. ACE inhibitors are an alternative initial choice in younger aviators، are positively indicated in patients with type 2 diabetes، and have no adverse effects on serum lipids. Hydrochlorothiazide (hctz)، with or without triamterene or potassium replacementt، can be used as a first line agent for treatment of hypertension in designated personnel. ACE inhibitors might have an adverse effect on G-tolerance have not been borne out by experience in either the US Air Force or the Royal Air Force (RAF)، and the US Navy accepts these agents for unrestricted flying without G tolerance testing.

Ankylosing spondylitis or Marie Strümpell disease، the most common form of the spondyloarthritides، is a chronic inflammatory disease principally involves the hips and axial skeleton and peripheral joints. In addition، in severe forms of disease، systemic involvements such as uveitis، pulmonary fibrosis and aortic insufficiency can be seen. Its onset is insidious، can have extra-articular manifestations، and is diagnosed by clinical suspicion supported by imaging techniques and associated human leukocyte antigen HLA B27. The disease may present with nonspecific symptoms such as low fever، fatigue and weight loss. The illness commonly affects young adults with a peak of the third decade of life. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 3:1. In the aviators، medical problems may induce a large impact on the ability of aircrew،s safety and their duties. Musculoskeletal diseases that affect the joints and range of motion are important when conside aviators as waiver for aircrew members. Non-specific symptoms such as fatigue may decrease tolerance to acceleration forces in military aviators. So flight surgeons must consider severity of disease and adverse reaction of drugs on the flight safety and its impact on health،s aviator. In this paper we report a jet pilot with ankylosing spondylitis disease with a good response to treatment with etanercept.