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Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research - Volume:13 Issue: 1, Winter 2015

Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research
Volume:13 Issue: 1, Winter 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/02/31
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Mohsen Soroush, Hamid Hassani * Pages 2-6
    Purpose
    To determine the musculoskeletal complaints associated with using computer and its ergonomic risks for office workers of a medical sciences university in Tehran.
    Materials And Methods
    In this cross-sectional study، a background questionnaire was used to determine individuals and computer use habits’ characteristics. A total number of 164 office workers of AJA University of Medical Sciences participated in this study. Musculoskeletal complaints were assessed using standardized Nordic questionnaire، and ergonomic risk assessment was done using rapid office strain assessment (ROSA) checklist. All data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.
    Results
    A number of 123 participants filled the questionnaires. The average age of participants was 33. 40 ± 6. 51 years old. The most frequently reported musculoskeletal complaints were related to neck (58. 53%) and lower back (58. 53%) for men and knee (66. 66%)، lower back 64. 61%) and neck (61. 53%) for women. Based on risk assessment results، 46. 34% of office workstations were high risk. The mean ROSA final score was 5. 18 ± 1. 23 (high risk). The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints was significantly more among office workers who worked in a high risk environment. The pains were considerable in the neck (74. 54%) and lower back 80%).
    Conclusion
    Prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among office workers of AJA University of Medical Sciences is high. Ergonomic interventions such as computer workstationredesign and office ergonomics training should be considered to prevent the related health problems، especially for high risk workstations.
    Keywords: musculoskeletal complaints, computer use, ergonomics, risk assessment, office workers
  • Mohammad Hossein Lashkari, Kambiz Kangarlou, Mohammad Tafazzoli, Shadpour * Pages 7-14
    Purpose
    Since explosive blasts continue to cause casualties in both civil and military environments، there is a need for an understanding of the mechanisms of blast trauma at the human organ level، plus a more detailed predictive methodology. The primary goal of this research was to develop a finite element model capable of predicting primary blast injury to the lung so as to assist in the development of personal protective equipment.
    Materials And Methods
    Numerical simulation of thorax blast loading consisted of the following components: 3D thorax modeling reconstruction، meshing and assembly of various thorax parts، blast and boundary loading، numerical solution، result extraction and data analysis.
    Results
    By comparing the models to published experimental data، local extent of injury in the lung was correlated to the peak pressure measured in each finite element، categorized as no injury (< 60 kPa)، trace (60-100 kPa)، slight (100-140 kPa)، moderate (140-240 kPa) and severe (> 240 kPa). It seemed that orienting the body at an angle of 45 degrees provides the lowest injury.
    Conclusion
    The level and type of trauma inflicted on a human organ by a blast overpressure is related to many factors including: blast characteristics، body orientation، equipment worn and the number of exposures to blast loading.
    Keywords: blast wave, respiratory trauma, chest wall velocity, thorax modeling, ANSYS software
  • Mojtaba Navvabpour, Zhila Jamshidinia *, Mohsen Bakhshandeh Pages 15-20
    Purpose
    To recognize affective factors in delivering X-ray contrast agents (which have high atomic number) via gallium carrier to liver or lymphatic neoplasm cells.
    Materials And Methods
    Since uptake of gallium by liver has been reported in numerous researches، it was bonded with a contrast media (metrizoate). X-ray imaging was done to determine geometric features of liver.
    Results
    Radiographic image was obtained. Maximum contrast in radiographic image was observed 72 hours after injection. In addition، increase of effective tumor atomic number caused by metrizoate helped the tumor to be treated by a smart radiotherapy method (i. e. photoelectron therapy). It increased photoelectron therapy efficiency up to two thousand percentages.
    Conclusion
    A new method of killing cancer cells can be developed using contrast agents. Also، metrizoate-labeled gallium is recommended for marking animals.
    Keywords: Pharmaceutical carriers, gallium, metrizoate complex, tumor location, tumor mapping
  • Farshid Fayyaz * Pages 21-25
    Purpose
    to investigate the effects of phosphide on some human biological systems in order to find a way to control it and facilitate the prevention and treatment of its poisoning.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study، 67 files of autopsy description، forensic pathology results and forensic toxicology were studied as nominal qualitative variables in terms of each type of histological changes in the liver، heart، lungs، brain، cerebellum and other organs. Also، forensic toxicology results in terms of positive (positive phosphine) or negative silver nitrate test were studied. The achieved data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 software.
    Results
    Using rice tablet leads to macroscopic and microscopic pathological changes in the liver. No significant relationship was found between the different effects created in the course of treatment with pathological changes in the liver، but there was a significant relationship between the average numbers of tablets used with pulmonary changes. No significant relationship was found between the different effects with pathological changes in brain and cerebellum. Among the deceased، 71. 42% negative phosphine was reported whose different biological samples were tested by silver nitrate.
    Conclusion
    Aluminum phosphide poisoning is a major problem which can result in severe damages to the internal organs and possibly death.
    Keywords: Aluminum phosphide, autopsy, toxicity, pathology, hospital
  • Zahra Nikmanesh *, Yahya Kazemi, Masomeh Khosravi, Mahmoud Bahonar Pages 26-31
    Purpose
    To compare early maladaptive schemas and coping styles in drug dependent and non-dependent prisoners of Zahedan city.
    Materials And Methods
    This was an ex post facto study. The population of the study consisted of all men prisoners of Zahedan prison in 2013. The participants were 240 prisoners among which 120 prisoners were selected by convenience sampling method and the rest by simple random sampling method. The variables were evaluated using Young early maladaptive schema questionnaire and Young coping style scale. The obtained data were analyzed by the independent t-test and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.
    Results
    There was a difference between drug dependent and non-dependent prisoners in terms of self-regulation، impaired performance and avoidance coping style.
    Conclusion
    Since avoidance behaviors are unadjusted procedures for dealing with difficulties، intervening in these behaviors would be appropriate therapeutically. Also، since coping styles strengthen early maladaptive schemas، therapeutic intervention in these behaviors can help to change these schemas.
    Keywords: Coping styles, early maladaptive schemas, prisoners, drug dependence, therapeutic intervention
  • Mojgan Mohajeri, Iravani, Ebrahim Hazrati *, Shahram Firuz, Marani Pages 32-36
    Purpose
    Ascorbic acid has protective effects against coronary heart disease. These effects are attributed to its antioxidant properties and its relation to plasma lipids. This study investigated the effects of supplementing one gram of vitamin C per day on the serum serum lipoproteins of healthy 18 to 55 years old individuals in Iran.
    Materials And Methods
    This study was conducted on 55 healthy individuals aged 18 to 55 years old at a medical center of Iran’s Army. None of the participants had taken vitamin supplements three months before participating in the study. Their diet patterns were evaluated by estimating the energy and nutrients intake. At the beginning of the study، serum triglyceride، high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)، low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol levels of the participants were measured. Then، the participants received one gram of vitamin C on a daily basis for 30 days. Blood parameters were measured on the 15th and 30th days of supplementation and were compared with each other. The findings were analyzed with Student’s t-test test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 18.
    Results
    After receiving vitamin C supplement for 30 days، a significant reduction was seen in the participants’ total cholesterol level (12. 2%) and average plasma triglyceride concentration level (8. 09%). HDL cholesterol level significantly increased (14. 5%) after one month of vitamin C supplementation (P =. 032).
    Conclusion
    Taking one gram of vitamin C daily may significantly reduce serum lipoprotein levels in healthy individuals.
    Keywords: vitamin C, lipid profile, lipoprotein, cardiovascular diseases, antioxidant properties
  • Azita Shishegar, Salman Dehkhoda, Susan Alimohammadzadeh, Taher, Ali Karbalaeikhani, Narges Vasei * Pages 37-40
    Purpose
    Mesh technique is the standard for inguinal hernia repair because of less recurrence، but it is inferior or equal to sutured technique in case of other post operative complications such as chronic pain. This clinical trial set out to compare these two techniques.
    Materials And Methods
    A total number of 322 cases of unilateral inguinal hernia in participants older than 18 years old were divided into 158 cases for mesh (Lichtenstein) and 164 for nonmesh (Bassini-McVay) hernia repair techniques. In order to compare the complications in the two groups، they were followed up from one to five years.
    Results
    During the study period، 12 and 7 participants were excluded from the mesh and non-mesh suture groups، leaving 146 and 157 participants in each group، respectively. The mean ages were 50. 9 and 46. 6 years old in mesh and sutured groups، respectively and mean follow up time was 2. 9 years. Compared to mesh group، all complications were equal or less in non-mesh group، except for recurrence which had a statistically significant difference. Chronic post-operative pain، foreign body sensation، returning time to daily activities and costs were significantly less in non-meshed group (P =. 0083).
    Conclusion
    Non-mesh suture technique still has its place in hernia repair. Mesh can be preserved for special conditions such as weak fascia wall، contralateral unsuccessful surgery، and recurrence، if suture technique is expensive or not easily available.
    Keywords: herniorrhaphy, methods, postoperative complications, treatment outcome, hernia, male
  • Ebrahim Hazrati, Mohammad Reza Rafii, Behzad Kazemi, Haki *, Babak Shekarchi, Seyyed Javad Hosseini Shokouh Pages 41-48
    Purpose
    Despite discovering new antibiotics، mortality due to septic shock has remained high. This research has examined the effect of selenase in patients with septic shock admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a hospital in Tehran.
    Materials And Methods
    This double-blind clinical trial was done on 80 participants (40 case and 40 control) who were admitted to the ICU with septic shock. Every participant in the case group was administered 500 μg selenase twice daily for 10 days. In contrast، each participant of the control group was treated with placebo (normal saline). Data were collected by observation and recorded in a questionnaire. Chi-square and Student’s t-test were used for data analysis.
    Results
    In this study 34 participants (42. 5%) were men and 46 (57. 5%) were women. The duration stay in the ICU in treatment group was less than in the observation group which was statistically significant (P =. 01). There was also a significant difference regarding the frequency of morbidity and mortality rates between the two groups (P =. 03 and P =. 02، respectively).
    Conclusion
    Selenium at a dosage of 500 μg (twice daily) is effective in those who have suffered from septic shock. Still، more studies are needed to determine the best dosage and administration method of this drug.
    Keywords: selenase, septic shock, intensive care unit, Tehran, disease process