مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 38، زمستان 1384)

Background and Although it is now certain that insulin injection allows us to control the complications resulting from blood sugar imbalances, its accurate control by insulin injection is difficult. Therefore as a logical solution, transplantation of islet cells is globally considered as a treatment and the present study is conducted to verify it. Methods and Materials: After materials preparation, donor tissue was obtained from 6 male wistar rate cage 75-90 days (weight 250-300 gram). Transplantation was done on diabetic rate induced 2-4 weeks earlier by 60 mg/kg streptozotocin intravenous injection. After islet cells transplantation, blood glucose was reduced to normal (145±5 mg/dl) and insulin and C-peptide increased (1.9±0.1 MIU/L and 0.053±0.001 mg/ml respectively). Clinical symptoms of dibetes induction were relieved after transplantation. The technique of islet cells transplantation in the form of encapsulation with the absence of immunological inhibitors to support the graft against the recipient's immunity system is an innovative method to treat type I diabetes.

Background and Many researches have indicated that physical exercise can improve the pulmonary function and play a paramount role in enhancing the quality of life in asthmatic patients by reducing the symptoms of asthma and shortness of breath through mechanisms such as strengthened respiratory muscles, decreased hospitalization and decreased consumption of bronchodilators. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of physical exercises on the pulmonary function and quality of life in asthmatic patients. Methods and Materials: In this single-group, pre test–posttest quasi-experimental study, 21 asthmatic adults referring to Alzahra Clinic in Isfahan, Iran were selected by purposive sampling. Standard Quality of life questionnaire and spirometry test were used for data collection. The physical exercise program was given for four weeks three times a week, each session lasting 45 minutes under direct supervision of the researcher in three phases: waming up, exercises and cooling down. Before and after the four-week period, the questionnaire was completed and spirometry was conducted. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were used in SPSS for data analysis. A significant increase was observed in the mean score of quality of life in respiratory condition (P=0.0001), mood function (p=0.0001), physical performance (p=0.0001), social performance (p=0.0001) and general perception of health in asthmatic patients (p=0.0001) after the physical exercise program was completed. Also, PEF mean was increased after treatment (p....

Background and Fetal movement count and non-stress test are simple and non-invasive techniques used as first steps in the assessment of the fetal well-being. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between maternal count of fetal movements and non-stress test. Methods and materials: This descriptive correlational study was carried out at the Gynecology and Obstetrics ward of the Imamreza Hospital in Mashad, Iran. The sample included 410 non-stress tests and fetal movement counts (205 tests from each group) from 101 high risk mothers in their third trimester. Mothers recorded the fetal movements 30 minutes after breakfast. Active fetus was supposed to have at least 10 movements in 12 hours; otherwise, it was assumed to be inactive. Non-stress test was done at 9:00 pm every night. Biophysical profile was taken whenever the fetus came out to be inactive or non-reactive by either test; then, the results of either test were compared with biophysical profile. In 86.3% of the recordings, the fetuses were active. Non-stress tests were reactive in 78% and non-reactive in 19%. Reactive non-stress tests were observed in 88% of the active and 114.3% of the inactive fetuses. 85.7% of the inactive fetuses had non-reactive non-stress tests (p=0.0001). A significant relationship was found to exist between the results of maternal count of fetal movements and non-stress test (p=0.0001). Also, a significant relationship existed between the time required to feel 10 movements and non-stress test (p=0.0005). The sensitivity, specificity and the negative predictive value of the test of fetal movements count were 15%, 85% and 93% respectively; corresponding figures for the non-stress test were 93%, 76% and 98% respectively. In many cases where maternal report was inactive fetus, the result of the non-stress test was reactive. However, the test of fetal movements count is of acceptable specificity and negative predictive value.

Background and Urinary stones are the third most common cause of urinary tract disorders and hypercalciuria is reported in 30% to 55% of patients. Therefore, this study is intended to study the serum and urine calcium in patients with urinary stone formation in khorasan, Iran. Methods and Materials: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted from 2003 summer through 2005 spring on 100 patients (case) and 51 non-patients (control). Relevant data were collected through questionnaire, serum calcium measurement (morning blood sampling) and urinary calcium measurement (24-hour urine collection). Hypercalciuria was observed in 9% of the case group and 2% of the control group. No significant difference was observed in the urinary calcium of the two groups. (2.23±1.07 vs. 2.13±1.10 mg per kg body weight/24 hours). Hypocalcaemia was detected in one of the cases but in the control group, nobody was so. Also, no significant differences were observed in the serum calcium of the two groups (9.07±0.68 vs. 9.13±0.64 mg/dl). Compared with references and recent publication, regional hypercaliuria is obviously lower and it is inferred that empirical therapy to prevent stone formation by reducing calcium has no therapeutic role. There seems no need for routine examination of serum calcium.

Background & Undoubtedly, nowadays the success of countries in social and economic development depends on their university developing plans; yet achieving this goal is not accessible unless they can bring up experts. University students as one of the most important constituents of the higher education system of each country are the foundation for achieving this goal; therefore, any factor that threatens their mental health can cause great loss to the development process of the society and makes the students have a superficial knowledge. So studying the student's mental health and its related factors plays an important role in achieving the mentioned goals. This research has been performed to recognize the student's mental health level so that the positive factors are enforced and the negative ones eliminated. Methods and Materials: This research is an analytic-descriptive one. Statistical population includes 2158 students entered the university before 1382(2004). The samples are 320 students selected at random. To determine the validity and reliability, 30 students completed the questionnaire as a pretest. After Alpha coefficient got an acceptable mark, data were analyzed by the use of independent T-Tests, one-way variance analysis multivariate regression analysis, samer's D and beta coefficient. The research results indicated that %33.8 of the students had a high mental health level, %47.2 medium and 19.1% a low one. In addition there was a significant relationship between such parameters as satisfaction rate from the university and instructors, membership in scientific and cultural associations and gender in one hand and the student's mental health on the other. Since there's a significant relationship between the student's mental health level and their satisfaction from the university, professors and participating in scientific and cultural associations, enforcing the participation of the students in scientific, political and cultural affairs, increasing the student's part time jobs rate, as well as developing psychotherapy and counseling centers, especially at dorms for improving the student's mental health level are proposed as the best instant and continuous remedies.

Background and Etiology of pediatric admission is changing. In this study the most common causes of children’s admission and duration of hospitalization were reviewed. In regard to complications of disorders, the results of this study will promote managing and facilities in pediatric ward. Methods and materials: Pediatric patients admitted to Qa’em Hospital in Mashad, Iran in one year were studied. After filling out the questionnaires using the patient’s records, relevant data were analyzed in SPSS and Excel using chi-sequence and t-test. Among 800 admitted fever in 57.8%, convulsion in 41%, cough in 20.9% and dyspnea in 7.3% of cases were chief complains. The most common diagnosis included febrile convulsion (41.4%), pneumonia (13.4%), bronchiolitis (8.6%) and asthma (5%). The prevalence of pneumonia, acute bronchiolitis and febrile convulsion were more common than world’s statistics. But asthma is lower than other regions. Therefore, attention to infections disease and respiratory system disease in particular is necessary.

Background and Syndrom of Ellis-Van-Creveld is a tetrad of chondrodysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia, polyductyly, and congenital heart disease, of which chondrodysthrophy of the tubular bones is the most common feature, while central nervous system (CNS) and urinary tract anomalies are some of its rarer associations. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical presentation of this rare autosomal recessive syndrome. Case report: Five cases reffered to Imam Reza hospital in Mashad for two years from 2002 to 2003. They were Iranian originally. First two cases, and 4 and 5, were sisters who presented all four classic features of EVC. Case 3 presented two features of this syndrome. The yougest was newborn and the oldest one was 11.5 years old. We observed five cases of this syndrom during two years. This syndrome has no treatment. Respecting relative marriage culture between iranians, it is important for prevention of this syndrome by avioding kingsman marriage.

Background and Congenital Lymphedema is a kind of primary Lymphedema caused by on abnormality in the Lymphatic system and causes the Lymph accumulation in the interstitial space. It usually appears within the first two gears of life with mild to severe swelling in one organ together with lethal complications and disseminated as it may be misdiagnosed with acquired edematous diseases particularly in infancy, this, case report is intended to present the disease with clinical indices and paraclinical evaluation. Case report: A fourteen–month-old patient suffering from congenital Lymphedema is reported here who had been referred to Dr.sheik Hospital in Mashad, Iran as nephritic syndrome. The case was treated after congenital Lymphedema diagnosis was established. Congenital Lymphedema is often mistaken with acquired edematous diseases and particularly in infancy with nephritic syndrome. There fore, the knowledge of clinical indices and paraclinical evaluation are necessary for perfect diagnosis.