مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 44، تابستان 1386)

Backgrounds and Curren WHO strategies of dally Iron Supplementation In the second half of gestational period have not. Reduced the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women during the last decade, and the reasons could be conceived as women's rejection of iron supplementation due to its side effects. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare daily and twice-weekly iron supplementation regimen and their effects on the pregnancy outcome and maternal hematologic changes. Methods and Materials: The present study is a randomized clinical trial and the study population was the pregnant women admitted to four health centers in Sabzevar, Iran. The sample was 88 pregnant women randomly assigned into two groups (43 daily and 45 twice-weekly).A demographical questionnaire and a study checklist were used for data collection and the obtained data were analyzed using independent Hest, paired Hest, Pearson correlation coefficient and chi-square. The findings revealed that hemoglobin and ferritine changes were similar across the groups. Also, birth weight and gestational age were similar across the two groups and indicated no significant difference. Based on the study findings, the twice-weekly regimen is recommended for iron supplementation because of similar effects, less side effects and its cost-effectiveness in comparison with the daily regimen.

Background and Currently different pharmaceutical, of, and surgical, techniques are used for cervical ripening. Castor oil, one of the herbal preparations is also widely used for this purpose but few studies have been reported on its efficacy and safety. Therefore this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of castor oil on cervical ripening. Methods and Materials: This research is a randomized control clinical trial and the study population were all term pregnant women admitted to selected health clinics in Mashad, Iran in 2003 (1382). The study involved 47 pregnant women with gestational age of 40 to 42 weeks, without regular uterine contractions, with Bishop Score of 4 or less, and with no clinical or obstetric complications. The subjects were first selected purposively and then assigned into two control and experimental groups by random allocation. The experimental group received 60cc castor oil while the control group received no intervention. Both groups were followed up for 24 hours for cervical ripening. For data collection, checklists were used for interviews, observation, examination, and fetal movements were recorded. Data analysis was done using chi-quare, Fisher’s test and independent Hest. At the outset, no significant difference was observed in the two groups Bishop score but a significant increase was observed in the Bishop score of the experimental group. A significant increase was seen in the labor initiation ratio of the experimental group but no significant differences were observed between the two groups in their mean Apgar scores and delivery method. According to the finding, the application of 60cc castor oil can assist cervical ripening.

Background and Oxidative stress is a reaction characterized with an imbalance between Oxidative and antiocidative agents. Lipid perocidation is one of the widely-known biological effects of oxid Oxidative stress. In hemodialysis patients, lipid peroxidation is likely to increase due to free radicals release from various sources. This study is therefore, intended to determine the effect of hemodialysis on lipid peroxidation changes in hemodialysis patients. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive-analytical study, samples (17 men and 10 women) were selected through convenient sampling; they had a history of 6-12 month hemodialysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), an index for lipid peroxidation, was measured by TBA standardized method. Relevant statistical tests were used for data analysis. Mean MDA before and after hemodialysis were 4.17±1.24 and 4.98±1.2 mmol/l respectively; and the difference was significant. Also, a significant difference was found to exist between male and female mean MDA before and after hemodialysis. The findings revealed that oxidative stress manifests as increased lipid peroxidation after hemodialysis. Therefore, due to the important role of oxidative stress in causing and developing hemodialysis complication, appropriate measures can be taken to inhibit these reactions in order to take effective steps in patient's recovery.

Background and Due to economic and biological, evacuation of the protein quality in food substances is of great importance. Therefore, biological, microbiological, chemical land combinational methods have been introduced and used to determine protein quality, among which suggested appropriate methods include net protein ratio (NPR), relative NPR, true protein digestibility (TPD) and protein efficacy ratio (PER). Regarding the importance of protein quality, particularly in low income families, this study was conducted in 2006 (1385) to compare the protein value of wheat-based cerelac (commercial) and Mixed Noodle-Soybean (domestic food) in rats. Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted on 64 male wistar rats of 21-day age, divided into eight groups receiving eight varying diets: 4 diets including cases (commercial and domestic baby food), standard (casein + Methionine) and basal (protein free) to investigate NPR, RNPR and PER and 4 diets to investigate TPD. NPR investigation lasted 14 days. To calculate NPR, protein intake and weight gain were determined in rats. TPD investigation took 9 days, and to calculate TPD, nitrogen intake and fecal nitrogen were determined. PER was investigated in 28 days and to calculate it, protein intake and weight change were observed in rats. NPR, RNPR, TPD and PER for the casein + Methionie group with 2 commercial and 2 domestic baby food samples were analyzed using Hest. for casein + Methionine, Cerelac and domestic food group, respectively we found NPRs 4.3±0.4, 4.3±0.9 and 3.6±0.2 TPDs 92.8±4, 87±8; 88.5±4.1; PERs 3±0.2, 2.5±0.4 and 2.9±0.2. Also, difference of NPR and TPD were not significant across the two groups but that of PER was significant. According to the findings, NPR of the domestic noodles + soybean food is lower than commercial cerelac but acceptable. Also, its PER and TPD are higher.

Background and The system and. the Endocrine system are, respectively, to defend the body against infection and to regulate physiologic activities of the body. Experimental as well as clinical evidence support the close interaction and bi-directional communication between the endocrine and immune systems. Some disorders in immune system were observed in experimental thyroid abnormalities. The aim of this study is to evaluate some immunological factors in hyperthyroid females. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive study, blood samples were collected from 50 females with hyperthyroid disease and a control group consisting of 50 sex - and age - matched euthyroid subjects. Thyroid function was assessed according to measurent of T3, T4 and TSH levels. The following parameters were studied in both groups: total and differential white blood cell counts determined on stained-blood smear), serum concentration of immunoglobulins including: IgG, IgA, IgM (measured by SRID method) and IgE (quantitated by ELlSA technique), seropositivity rates of CRP (determined by latex agglutination method), C3 and C4 complement components measured by SRID method. The mean serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were 2312.4±584 mg/dl, 296±87 mg/dl, 118.±28 mg/dl and 301±264 IU/ml in hyperthyroid females and were 1539±974 mg/dl, 243± 116 mg/dl, 140.1±68.9 mg/dl and 109.8±115 IU/ml in euthyroid subjects, respectively. Statistical analyses showed that the mean serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgE were significantly higher in hyperthyroid group as compared to euthyroid group. The seropositive rate of CRP was 20% and 4% in hyperthyroid and euthyroid groups, respectively. The seropositive rate of CRP was also significantly higher in hyperthyroid group as compared to euthyroid group. However, IgM, C3 and C4 levels and white blood cell counts were similarly expressed in two groups. The results indicate that some immunological alterations such as elevation of serum IgG, IgA and IgE levels and higher seropositive rate of CRP occur in hyperthyroid women.

Background and The theory of Emotional Intelligence brings a new perspective on predicting factors influencing success as well as basic prevention of mental disorders. Evidences indicate that emotionally expert persons are distinctive in all areas. As students are prospective architects of the society, this study was intended to evaluate the relationship between emotional intelligence and general health in university students. Methods and Materials: This descriptive research involved the statistical population of male and female undergraduate students at Sabzevar Teacher Training University, enrolled for the second semester of 2003-2004. Through successive sampling, 230 students were selected as the study sample. A researcher-made demographic questionnaire, a general health questionnaire and Mayer's Emotional Intelligence questionnaire were used for data collection. The obtained were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Determination Coefficient, simple Regression, Multiple Regression by step-by-step method, Hest and multi-variate ANOVA. The correlation between emotional intelligence and general health came up to be- 0.68. In other words, emotional intelligence can predict 46% of changes in general health. ANOVA results indicated that emotional repair was the best predictor of general health. Also, it was revealed that female students were of higher emotional intelligence; accordingly, male students enjoyed a better general health than female students. Emotional intelligence is one of the promoting factors of general health and as well as a preventive factor in mental disorders. Therefore, emotional intelligence instruction is suggested to promote general health.

Background and Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen which can cause food poisoning, under certain conditions though growth in nutrients and producing enterotoxin. Only some strains are capable of producing enterotoxin and causing food poisoning and their presence can be detected by DNA amplification and gene sequence specification. Therefore, this research was conducted to detect type e enterotoxin producing staphylococcus aureus. Methods and Materials: 95 staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from 150 nasal carriers using sterilized swabs and were confirmed by biochemical tests. Then primers were designed and the PCR was used to amplify amplify the staphylococcal enterotoxin e gene (sec) in order to detect type C enterotoxogenic strains. DNA amplification fragments of 397 bp for staphylococcal nuclease and those of 271 bp for type e gene were confirmed by enzymatic digestion. Only 9.5% of the isolated strains contained sec gene. Specificity and sensitivity were also evaluated and its sensitivity was found to be 125 cells. this technique is a rapid, sensitive, specific, inexpensive and different alternative to conventional biochemical and serologic assays and it can be used to detect the agent producing type C staphylococcal enterotoxin.

Background and Hospital waste contains pathogenic agents and is a suitable environment for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Poor management in collection and disposal of hospital waste can lead to environmental crises. This study was in tended to determine per capita wase, collection manner, transportation and transferring the waste in hospitals and clinics. Methods and Materials: This descriptive study involved 3 hospital and 8 clinics in Sabzevar, Iran and their waste disposal activities were observed in all week days and for two months for hazardous and pseudo-domestic waste. A questionnaire and an observation checklist were used for data collection. Their corresponding percentages were calculated using SPSS and information on the active beds, number of clients and the whole mass of waste produced in each treatment center. Mean produced waste in 3 hospitals were 1137.275 kg/day including 51.3% hazardous waste. Also, mean per capita waste for each active bed was 2.38 kg/day in 3 hospitals. Mean waste amount in 8 clinics was 3.2779 kg/day including 64.9% hazardous waste. Also, mean per capita was for each client in 8 clinics was 0.092 kg/day (92gr). It was found that all hospitals and clinics followed the ministry guidelines by using waste bags of appropriate quality, color and type. Despite using appropriate and distinct bags and washable containers, inter departmental and intradepartmental cooperations-including adequate training and necessary standards-are required to optimize health hassles.

Background and Type II neurofibromatosis is a dominant autosomal genetically transferred disease characterized with multiple Schwannoma and classically with bilateral vestibular Schwannoma. Schwannoma is considered as the main symptom and usually originates from cranial nerves (particularly the 8th pair), nerve roots and distal nerves. In this article, one such case is reported. The Patient: A 20-year-old patient with a history of progressive hearing loss from one year earlier was admitted. The history of the patient indicated a spinal Schwannoma surgery one year before the first visit. No familial history was recorded. On the systemic examination, only a few milk brown spots were observed. On the nervous system examination, low facial sensation along the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the 5th pair, low OS retina reflex and left ear hearing loss were observed. MR imaging indicated hyper-intense damages in T2 phase from the cerebellar-pons angle, highlighting the mass on the right with the radio-opaque agent. Upon left occipital craniotomy, the calcified rather bleeding tumor underwent resection in the cerebellar-pons area. Pathology results confirmed Schwannoma. The singleton type II neurofibromatosis is rare and consideration of the disorder seems to be essential in the diagnosis of multiple simultaneous tumors in the central nervous system.