مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 45، پاییز 1386)

Background and Genetic damages and dietary habits play important parts in colorectal cancer (CRC). p53 protein, a product of p53 gene, is the most important tumor suppressor. The rate of p53 mutation and expression has been variously reported across anatomical regions. p53 protein has a short half-life which tends to increase with mutation and is likely to be traced by immunohistochemistry. This study is intended to determine the p53 protein stability by pathological parameters across different areas in CRC. Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical research was conducted on 80 CRC cases admitted to Hospital in Isfahan, Iran from 2003 to 2007. p53 expression was detected by immunohistochemical methods in the samples after fixation, tissue processing and antigen retrieval. The obtained data were analyzed using chi-square. of the 80 specimens investigated, p53 protein stability was observed in 27 specimens (34%). No significant relationships were observed between p53 protein stability and tumor staging, differentiation and anatomical regions (colon and rectum) but the relationship between protein stability and mutation was significant. p53 protein stability was observed in many mutated samples. Therefore, p53 protein detection in Cancer cases can be considered an important symptom of mutation signifying the prognosis and progress of cancer.

Background and Opioids such as morphine are over used during pregnancy. These substances can probably induce long–term behavioral and psychological alterations (particularly learning and memory alterations) in exposed infants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of prenatal morphine exposure on the retrieval of spatial memory in rats. Methods and Materials: In this experimental research, 18 pregnant wistar rats were assigned into three groups: The control group, the saline group and the morphine group. The control group received nothing but the saline and morphine groups received subcutaneus 0.5 mg saline and morphine (5mg/kg for 3 days and 10 mg/kg for 5 days) respectively, twice a day on 11-18 gestational days. After birth, 30 exposed pups of 90 days were trained in an 8-arm radial maze apparatus and their retrieval of spatial memory was assessed 48 hours and 1 week after training. The injection of morphine during pregnancy can seriously impair the retreival of spatial memory in childeren so that correct responses in the morphine- group rats were far less than correct responses in other groups, on the retrieval days (48 hours and 1 week after training). According to the findings, prenatal morphine exposure can impair the retrieval of spatial memory.

Background and Congenital nosolachrymal duct obstruction is one of the common disorders characterized by tearing and mucoid or mucopurulent discharge in children. The most common site of obstruction is the Hasner Value. About 20% of infants suffer from tearing which spontaneously improves within the first year of life in 90%. As there is no risk of aspiration with the air injection, it was adopted for comparison with saline injection. Therefore, this research was conducted to compare the success rate of the conventional method (probing with irrigation) and the air injection in infants. Methods and Materials: This study was conducted as clinical trial in which 61 patients (with the age range of 9-24 months) (76 eyes) with congenital nosolachrymal duct obstruction, not responding to conservative treatment, was randomly assigned into one of the two groups. They were assessed before and after probing using Munk's scale. Their follow-up included lachrymal massage and antibiotic drops and assessment in 2 weeks, one month and three months after probing. A few cases were excluded from the study for irregular follow-up participations. Chisquare was used for data analysis. Out of 34 male eyes and 42 female eyes, 33 and 42 eyes recovered respectively upon the final follow-up (three months after probing). Out of 30 patients probed with saline, after two weeks, 31 eyes (86.1%) recovered after two weeks; 34 eyes (94.4%) after one month and 34 eyes (94.4%) after three months. Out of 31 patients poobed with air injection, the recovery rates after two weeks, one month and three months follow-up, 33 eyes (82.5%), 38 eyes (95%) and 38 (95%) respectively. As three is no risk of aspiration with the air injection and the outcomes are similar to the irrigation method, the researchers recommend probing with air injection to be substituted to saline irrigation.

Background and Alkaline Phosphatase (EC: 3.1.3.1) is synthesized by kidney, liver, bone, Intestine and placenta. This enzyme is a glycoprotein and dimmer 4 Zn+2 and Mn+2 in each dimmer. It hydrolyzes mono ester phosphate to organic compound and phosphate_in alkaline medium. The purpose of this research is to compare this enzyme with placental alkaline phosphatase. Methods and Materials: Human Molehydatiform was purified by folds of precipitation of bybutanol, acetone, Amoniumm sulphate, Sephadex G200, affinity chromatography and preparative electrophoresis. Human Molehydatiform was purified 611.8 times. We obtained specific activity, optimum temperature and optimum Ph equaling to 611.8 U/mg, 40 centigrade degrees and 10.4 respectively. Purified Human Molehydatiform Alkalie phosphatase is different from Human placental Alkaline phosphatase due to optimum pH and optimum temperature.

Background and The umbilical cord is one of the most important sites for bacterial colonization after birth. Different regimens have been used for umbilical neonatal cord care, some of which have established bad effects for neonates and may even delay its separation. This study is conducted to compare the effect of topical application of breast milk and dry cord care on cord separation time in neonates. Methods and Materials: In a randomized clinical trial, 150 neonates with 38-42 weeks of gestational age, singleton and without congenital anomaly were randomly selected an assigned into two groups: Mother's milk for group 1, and dry cord care for group 2. All mothers in two groups received an instructed face-toface cord care education within 3 hours of birth. Group 1 applied breast milk to the umbilical stump 3 hours after birth and continued every 12 hours until 2 days after umbilical cord separation. Nothing was applied to the umbilical stump of the dry cord care group. Relevant data were analyzed in SPSS using two-way ANOVA, Chi-Square, Student’s t-test, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and General Linear Model. According to the results, statistical differences were observed in the cord separation time across the two groups; in the breast milk group, the cord separation time (152.42±48.804) was shorter than the corresponding time (175.57±59.57) in the dry cord care group. The results indicated that topical application of breast milk for umbilical cord care leads to reduced cord separation time.

Background and Fatigue is common to pregnant women, 80% of whom consider fatigue as one of the ten health concerns. Affecting the nervous and muscular systems, massage therapy induces muscular relaxation, blood circulation and excretion of body waste including lactic acid which leads to energy release. This study is therefore conducted to investigate the effect of massage on the intensity of labor fatigue in the primipara admitted to Bentolhoda Hospital in Bojnord, Iran in 2005. Methods and Materials: This clinical trial was conducted on 62 primiparous women (18 to 32 years old) who were candidates of natural labor. The subjects were purposively selected and randomly assigned into massage therapy and conventional caregiving. The former (32 subjects) received back or leg massage or both. But the latter (the control group) received no massage therapy. Fatigue intensity before and 30 minutes after intervention were measured and recorded by a visual scale over the three labor phases. The data were analyzed in SPSS using student t- test, paired t- test, chi-square and linear test. Significant differences, across the two groups, were observed in the fatigue intensity of the latent phase and the transition phase but not in the active phase. Before and after means were statistically different in the transition phase for the massage therapy group. Massage therapy reduces the fatigue intensity of latent and transition phases. As labor fatigue intensity is lightest during the transition phase, massage therapy can be applied in pregnant women, as a non- invasive and conservative procedure, in order to relieve fatigue intensity and to enhance their health and well being.

Background and Pinguecula causes cosmetic effects and induces pterygium in some cases. Burning, irritation, lacrimation and foreign body sensation, occasional significant astigmatism and decreased vision are among the major symptoms of pterygium. As most findings in this regard are hospital-based, the present population- based study was conducted to study the prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and the effect of population variables in the rural population of sabzevar, Iran. Methods and Materials: This descriptive epidemiologic study was conducted cross- sectionally and the population was rural residents in sabzevar, Iran. Cluster sampling was used for random sampling from 40 villages amounting to 2508 subjects. The study was conducted in 2002-2004. The subjects were interviewed and fully examined. Diagnoses were made clinically. The relationships between population variables and the two disorders were evaluated. The obtained data were analyzed using chi- square, t- test and logistic regression. Mean age of 1014 men (40.5%) and 1494 women (59.5%) participating in the study were 27.84± 22.07 and 26.90± 19.05 years respectively. Of 2508 subjects, 396 cases of pterygium and pinguecula were diagnosed with an overall prevalence of 15.8%; 187 men (18.44%) and 209 women (14%). Its prevalence was higher in men than in women. Its distribution as asymmetric, i.e. OD: OS ratio = 0.64. Also, its prevalence across different jobs rendered the following results for farmers, workers and housewives: 39.5; 33.3 and 23 respectively: The overal prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula in rural population of Sabzevar is 15.7%, which may be attributed to population variables and risk factors, geographical location, climatic conditions, racial and familial factors.

Background and Dysmenorrhea is one of the common problems of women at the childbearing age and has social, psychological, physical and economic consequences. As emotional factors influence physical conditions and the perception of pain, this study was conducted at the University of Mashad, Iran to compare the personality features of medical students with and without early dysmenorrheal. Methods and Materials: This is a descriptive analytical and cross-sectional study and the study population was the female medical students at Mashad University of Medical Sciences in 2004. 200 students were proportionately sampled using a subject selection form. They also filled out the interview checklist, the lifestyle questionnaire and the Cassidy Social Support Form. On specific days, the menses pain intensity form, history of menses form and Eysenk Personality Questionnaire were completed. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using Chi square, Fischer’s Exact Test, t-test, Mann Whitney and Regression model. Significant differences were found between the two groups as for the frequency of introversion: in the group with dysmenorrhea 67% and the other group only 12% were introverts. In addition, the frequency of neurosis was statistically different across the two groups (52% in the group with dysmenorrhea and 10% in the other group). Also the two groups were statistically different in the prevalence of psychosis (72% versus 32% for the group with and without dysmenorrheal respectively). Introversion, psychosis and neurosis were more prevalent in women with dysmenorrhea than in women without dysmenorrhea.