Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:18 Issue: 5, May 2016

Adult stem cells from adipose tissue can be used in tissue engineering because of their capacity to differentiate into chondrocytes. Low intensity ultrasound (LIUS) as a physical chondrogenic inducer differentiates adipose stem cells (ASC) into chondrocyte the same as transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). However the stage of differentiation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes by LIUS have not yet been studied.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of LIUS on hypertrophic states of differentiated chondrocytes.
In this experimental study, ASCs were cultured in chondrogenic differentiation medium (10 ng/mL of TGFβ) with or without LIUS stimulation for two weeks. The ultrasound signal was applied at an intensity of 200 mW/cm2 for 10 min/day. For evaluation, the mRNA expression of collagen type X, alkaline phosphatase, Runx2 and Runx2II, were studied using quantitative gene expression method. Histologic and immunohistochemistry evaluations were performed. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA (Tukey’s).
The mRNA expression of collagen type X, and alkaline phosphatase, Runx2 and Runx2II were decreased markedly by the LIUS stimulation, whereas the expression of these genes drastically increased when TGFβ applied alone or with LIUS. LIUS containing cultures showed lower hypertrophic protein expression (alkaline phosphatase and Indian hedgehog) as compared with the controls.
Our results showed that LIUS suppresses hypertrophic chondrocyte formation and that LIUS induced chondrocytes are more suitable than TGFβ induced ones due to low expression of hyperthrophic markers in cartilage tissue engineering for clinical applications.

Scientists are trying to find ways for skin wound healing. The potential role of plants on wound healing is of interest and controversial.
In this study, the effects of topical application of Satureja Khuzestanica and Satureja Rechingeri methanolic extract on skin wound healing in mice has been evaluated. Satureja Khuzestanica and satureja Rechingeri has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may enhance wound healing process.
For this experimental study, 48 healthy male mice were randomly designated to four groups of A, B, C and D which, respectively treated with, Satureja Khuzestanica extract, and satureja Rechingeri extract, methanol 98% for 22 days. Circular wounds were made in three layers of skin with 10mm diameter in all three layers (dermis, epidermis, and hypodermis). Specimens were taken at 3rd day, 7th day, 14st day and 22th day for microscopic examinations.
Compare H and E staining sections in the study groups showed that Satureja Rechingeri treated group has best effect on the wound healing in the comparison with placebo at 7th day, 14st day and don’t ameliorate wound at 22th day of treatment.
The results showed that Satureja Khuzestanica extract not suitable for wound healing. Satureja Rechingeri extract the fourteenth day is appropriate for healing and this plant has been limited period.

Products of oxidation are known to trigger cancer through damaging cellular components and angiogenesis backs tumor growth and metastasis. Antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase fight the stress posed by these products. Angiogenesis inhibition offers additional benefits toward tumor suppression. Nigella sativa L. is a plant traditionally used in Middle Eastern countries for its various benefits.
In this study, we attempted to examine the anti-tumor, antioxidant and antiangiogenic effects of N. sativa crude oil in breast tumor-bearing mice.
In this experimental study, three groups of female BALB/c mice, 5 animals in each, were respectively treated for a month with 1, 2 and 4 mL/kg/day of N. sativa oil 2 days after subcutaneous tumor transplantation. The fourth group, the control group, after subcutaneous tumor transplantation received distilled water. Tumor volumes, antioxidant enzymes’ activity, endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) amounts were measured to study N. sativa crude oil’s proposed effects.
In comparison with the control group, mice receiving doses of 2 and 4 mL/kg/day of N. sativa crude oil had significantly reduced tumor volumes (P N. sativa crude oil seems to inhibit breast tumor growth partly through improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes’ activity and partly by suppressing angiogenesis. Yet, more studies are required to intensely clarify the other involved mechanisms.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disorder of lymphoid progenitor cells that affects both children and adults. B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) that derived from primary B cell precursors is a common subtype of ALL. PAX5 is a member of PAX gene family. This gene is located at 9p13.2, encoding the B-cell lineage specific activator protein (BSAP). BSAP is an essential regulator of B lymphocytes identity and function which plays an important role in part of B cell specific genes.
The aim of this study is to screen probable variants in flanking regions of introns 1 and 2 near the exons 1, 2 and 3 of PAX5 gene among B-ALL patients from Khuzestan province.
Patients and In this descriptive study, blood samples were collected from 50 patients with clinical symptoms of B-ALL in Khuzestan province. In order to identify the probable variants in introns 1 and 2 near the exons 1, 2 and 3 of PAX5 gene, flanking regions of introns amplified by PCR and the products were sequenced for any probable change.
Two variants in nine patients were identified including IVS2-43T > C and IVS2 11T > G. IVS2-43T > C variant was found as a heterozygous form in one patient and IVS2 11T > G was found as a homozygous variant in 8 patients with B-ALL.
The overall frequency of variants in intron 2 of PAX5 gene was 18%. IVS2 11T > G variant of PAX5 gene probably do not associated with B-ALL risk in the population.

One of the major problems in pediatric surgery is anxiety and fear of separation from parents.
We studied the efficacy of different doses of oral midazolam for pre operation sedation of children.
Patients and In this randomized, double-blinded clinical trial, 120 children aged 1 - 8 years were enrolled in the study .The children were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups and received orally 0.5 mg/kg (group A), 0.8 mg/kg (group B), 1 mg/kg (group C), 0mg/kg (group D) of injectable midazolam mixed with 10 - 15 mL apple juice 45 minutes before separation from parents. Sedation score, changes in MAP, HR, SPO2, respiratory rate, time of recovery and frequency of nightmares evaluated and analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA tests.
The mean age of children was 4.46 ± 2.17 years. Sedation levels in 26 patients in group A and 21 patients in group C were desirable qualified. MAP changes increased in group D and decreased in the other groups. Most changes were observed in group C equals -3 ± 2.5 mmHg. Most changes in heart rate were observed in group D (increased to 11.5 ± 7.41 beat). Most decrease of SPO2 was in group A (-0.86 ± 0.93%). Maximum decrease of RR was in group C (-3.36 ± 2.88%). Maximum of recovery time was observed in group C (76.3 ± 12.67 minutes). Group D had the highest frequency of nightmares (10 children, 58.8%).
Oral midazolam with 0.8 mg/kg, as premedication, reduces recovery time and hemodynamic disturbances .We can use that as appropriate premedication dose in children for reducing children anxiety and fear of separation from parents.

The currently approved treatment for lead toxicity is chelation therapy to reduce the burden of the toxic effects of lead, but the safety and efficacy of the various chelating agents may be questioned.
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of caffeic acid, a dietary non-flavonoid phenolic acid, on lead accumulation and lead-induced oxidative stress in mice.
In this experimental study, 24 mice were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as control. Mice in group 2 received water containing 1000 ppm lead acetate. Group 3 animals received caffeic acid (60 mg/kg body weight) i.p. during lead treatment. Mice in group 4 only received caffeic acid. At the end of the experiment (18 days), blood samples were drawn and the levels of lead and some oxidative-stress related parameters were measured.
Blood Pb concentration increased significantly in group 2 as compared to control group. Lead exposure caused significant increase of malondialdehyde and decrease of glutathione concentrations in erythrocyte haemolysate as compared to control group. Although caffeic acid was effective in normalization of the attenuated levels of erythrocytic glutathione, its administration had no significant effect in decreasing the augmented levels of erythrocytic malondialdehyde in group 3. Values of other measured parameters including erythrocytic activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase did not change significantly among experimental groups.
Present results show some beneficial effects of caffeic acid against lead poisoning and it can be thus proposed as a potential prophylactic treatment for amelioration of lead toxicity.

Placenta membranacea is one of the most barley anomalies happens in pregnancy defined by chorionic villi (partially or completely) covered the fetus membrane. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease in fetus is also a rare case with an incidence of 1: 20,000 live births resulting in a 30% death rate in neonates. In this case for the first time, we reported a placenta membranacea and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease occurred with together. A 25-year-old woman was admitted at 16 weeks of gestation for inducing abortion with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease in fetus diagnosed in routine sonography fellowship. Post-delivery examination revealed a placenta totally enveloped the fetus, oligohydramnious and bilateral enlarged polycystic kidneys of fetus. Histological study indicated umbilicus has only one artery and one vein as well as autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and directly attachment of chorionic villi to fetal membrane eventually diagnosed as complete placenta membranacea. The etiology of placenta membranacea is not completely clarified. As autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is a result of mutation in PKHD1 gene, so our finding may be initiates a new investigation about genetic relation between placenta membranacea and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.

The phakomatoses are a group of clinical disorders that are linked. Overlap between Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) and Klippel-Trenaunay Weber syndrome (KTWS) is very rarely. We presented a case of SWS with KTWS that involved upper limb.
A 24- year-old male with extensive port-wine staining over left side of his face, extending to lower eyelids, cheeks, neck and left upper extremity. The size of mid arm circle in left side was 34 cm and in right side was 27 cm.
This is a case of overlap SWS and KTWS that involved upper limb.