Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:7 Issue: 3, 2005

Hunger is determined by intensifying and increasing the metabolism diving during pregnancy. In pregnancy, the prolonged hunger is demonstrated in the from of hypoglycemia and hyperketonuria. These changes may affect the fetus weight. Thus, this study has been performed to check the effect of fasting on the parameters such as: blood and, urine biochemistry and the weight of infant in fasting pregnant women.Methods and Materials: The present study was conducted before and after Ramadhan on 200 healthy pregnant women who had fasted at least 10 days of holy month of Ramadhan in 1380 and 1379. Blood (5 CC) and urine sample were collected twice: once 48 hours before Ramadhan and the next time the samples were collected from pregnant women who had fasted 10 (95 person), 20 (63 persons) and 29 (42) days. Parameters under investigation were cholesterol, triglyceride and B.S. (blood sugar). Their infants’ weight was followed and they were compared with the mean of the infants’ weight of 100 pregnant, whose pregnancy hadn’t been in Ramadhan ‎. To analyze the data, paired t-test and t-test were used in the 5% significant level. Results showing that the FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar) mean after fasting in the group with 10 day fasting (P=0.031) and the groups with 20 or 29 (P=0.000) has been significantly than FBS before fasting. Also, the cholesterol and triglyceride changes have been significant (P=0.000). There was not observed any significant difference between the infants’ weight of the fastened mothers and the ones’ weight of non – fastened mothers (P=0.062). Meanwhile, there has not been any significant difference in the amount of keton before / after fasting in all groups. In this research, it seems that the 12 – hour fasting in the temperate season, in spite of reducing blood sugar, triglyceride and cholesterol hasn’t caused ketonuria and weight loss clearly. So, it seems that the pregnant will not have probably any problem biochemically.

The efficiency of artificial feeding system of mosquitoes kept in insectrium depends on its technology of designing, kind of membrane and food quality. This study was conducted to find the best membrane and food regimen among three prevalent membranes (Parafilm "M", sheep intestine and chicken skin). Numbers of attracted mosquitoes were recorded in one hour of exposure as a measure of comparisons.Methods and Materials: the experiment was conducted in constant circumstances of insectrium (temperature: 28+2C and relative humidity: 70%+ 10%). Each experiment contained three replicates a lot of 20 non-blood_fed(sugar fed) 4-5 days old Anopheles stephensi. In statistical analysis of the results of comparing membranes there was not any significant difference between the means (P= 0.07).However, statistical analysis of the results of comparing bloods revealed that the difference between the means is meaningful. Considering the obtained results and the experiments Parafilm "M" as an applicable membrane and sheep defibrinate blood as a suitable food regimen is recommended for artificial feeding of an, stephensi.

Gonococcal urethritis is one of the most common STDs in men, which in spite of expanded antibiotic therapies, is widespread over the world, the incidence of cases resistant antibacterial components is among the causes for recurrence of gonococcal diseases. This study aims at determining sensitivity of gonococcus to common antimicrobial in its treatment such as Penicillin, Sephalesporins, felodokinolos. Therefore, in this study in vitro-evaluation resistance of this organism to different antibiotic especially 3rd generation which have been used as selected medicine for the treatment of gonococcal infections in recent years and cases resistant to the treatment have been report recently was conducted as a background for clinical trials.Methods and Materials: In this study, the in vitro resistance rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to various antibiotics by using disk diffusion method have been assessed. The study is a cross sectional descriptive one, on 200 culture positive samples during 2 years (2003-2004) in medical laboratory. For analyzing of data, chi-square test was used. Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics were as follows: Ampicillin: 96%, Amoxicillin: 92.5%, Co-trimoxasole: 92%, Gentamycin: 89%, Amikacin: 88%, Erythromycin: 85%, Penicillin: 75.5, Tetracycline 59.5%, Ciprofloxacin: 46.5%, Cefixime 15%, and Ceftriaxone 2.5%. The result showed that ceftriaxone and probably other Sefalosparins of 3rd generation including oral and injections is, presently, the sole group that can be considered as a select drug. Felorokinolons which were regarded as an effective drug until very recently, have lost their importance. This result is in conformity with regional and international studies. Hence, conducting experimental test, particularly E. test E pisilometery test and determination of (minimal inhibitory MIC concentration) and later clinical experiences at fixed intervals can contribute to diagnosis of resistance of Neisseria to antimicrobial component ion oerliminary stages that can decrease irrational consumption of drug in the treatment of clinical syndrome of Nesseria gonorrhea.

despite high prevalence rate of nausea vomiting and mead for treatment in severe cases which leads to electrolyte imbalances and weight loss, due to lack of knowledge about its cause, an elear-cut treatment for it, is still unavailable. In this study we compared the effect of prednisolone to that of pyridoxine on the treatment of severe cases of vomiting during the first half of pregnancy.Methods and Materials: In a double blind clinical trial study (2002-2003) 120 women with a normal intra uterine pregnancy and less than 22 weeks of gestational age with hyper emesis gravidarum were admitted to Zahedan Qhods hospital for appropriate treatment. Patients randomly divided in two groups of 60; patients, received prednisolone 5mg /TDS (case group) and the other 60 patients, received pyridoxine / 20mg/ TDS (control group). 3 days later, serum electrolytes, severity of vomiting, beginning of diet, and response to treatment were studied. All patients were followed every week, up to 22 weeks of gestational age. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to maternal age, gestational age, and gravidity, and weight loss, number of previous admissions recent pregnancy. There was significant difference between the two groups in electrolyte disorders, start of feeding after 1-2 days from initiated treatment, recurrent admission 2 weeks after discharge and response to treatment (P 0.001).90% of the patients in prednisolone group and 61.7% of pyridoxine group responded positively to the treatment. 3 days after the commencement of the treatment, 18 people in prednisolone group and 5 in pyridoxine still had electrolyte imbalances. The proportion of vomiting and hypocalemi modification in prednisolone consumer were, respectively consumer 4.5 and 4.7 as much as pyriodoxine and the likeliyhood of the relapse of vomiting in pyridoxine consumer was 3.3 as much as prednisolone. A short course of a little prednisolone therapy was more effective than pyridoxine in treatment of hyper emesis gravidarum.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting are common problems after general anesthesia, especially in ambulatory surgery. Drug therapy is often associated with side effects. We studied a non pharmacological method of therapy at the P6 point to prevent the side effects.Methods and Materials: Fifty-eight consecutive healthy patients undergoing a variety of short surgical procedures were included in a randomized, double-blind study in equal study and control groups. Patients in study group received injection of 3 ml normal saline into the P6 acupuncture point 30 minutes before the induction of anesthesia, while in control group injections performed inappropriately on the posterior surface. In both groups, the age, gender, height, weight, and type and duration of surgical procedures were all comparable without significant statistical difference. In recovery room in study group, only 5 of 29 patients (17.2%) had nausea and vomiting as compared to control group, in which 15 of 29 patients (41.4%) had nausea and vomiting (P<0.05). In ward in study group, 5 of 29 patients (17.2%) had nausea and vomiting as compared to control group, in which 12 of 29 patients (41.3%) had nausea and vomiting (P< 0.05). We concluded that injection at the P6 point is an effective prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting and therefore a good alternative to conventional antiemetic treatment.

Iodine deficiency and disorders resulting from it has long been recognized as a grave nutritional health concern. Sistan and Baluchestan Province, in studies conducted prior to Iodine dispensation, was among the regions with high prevalence of endemic goiter in Iran. Methods and Materials: 1200 schoolchildren, aged 7-10 years, were selected randomly from all regions of Sistan-Balouchestan, and the grade of goiter, in 600 boys and 600 girls, was determined according to WHO classification. Urinary iodine content was estimated using the digestion method in one tenth of the schoolchildren. Total goiter rate was 33.3 %, 31.2 % in girls and 35.3% in boys. Median urinary iodine was 19.8 µg/dl. Urinary iodine was above 10 µg/dl in 84.4 % and less than 5 µg/dl in 5.1%, no one had urinary iodine below 2 µg/dl. UIC levels and goiter prevalence were not statistically different between boys and girls and also between urban and rural areas. It is concluded that the rate of goiter in Sistan-Balouchestan has decreased significantly since 1996 and urinary iodine levels in schoolchildren are indicative of adequate iodine intake based on WHO desirable level: Sistan-Balouchestan province therefore can be considered an” iodine deficiency free” zone.

Malaria is one of the most important health problems in many countries as well as Iran, especially in southern Iran. Considering the role of Anopheles in transmission chain of the disease, this study aims at determining effective physical and chemical factors in breeding places of Anophele's larve in Iranshahr. 68 samples including 63 from breeding places of larve and five samples from ponds with no larve were collected from different regions of Iranshahr as control group. Each sample of the study contained one from those of water and the other from larve group which were collected scientifically. Experiments conducted on water sample included PH, electrical conductivity, Nitrate, Nitrite, Sulphate, Chloride, Calcium, rigidity, salinity, darkness, and Phosphate. In this study 8 out of 13 species of Anopheles which had already been reported in the region were collected. The results obtained indicate that there is significant difference between mean physical and chemical factors of control group samples and samples Collected from breeding places of larve. The range of variables such as electrical conductivity, total rigidity, Calcium, Chloride, Sulphate,Nitrate in breeding places without larve is more than 2 and sometimes 20 times while in regard with darkness and Phosphates it is the reverse. Components such as Phosphate, electrical conductivity, and Calciumin larve life of anophele were of great influence as the most important carrier of Malaria in the region. The results showed that large quantities of the above agents can play inhibiting role for any kind of Aanophelines species. Whereas existence of nitrite in large quantities in water was one of the few components that plays positive role in mosquitoes life.

Despite the tremendous investigation in the areas of flexor tendon anatomy, biomechanics, nutrition, healing and adhesion formation return of satisfactory digital performance following for the hand surgeons. Methods and Materials: This is a descriptive cross sectional study which investigates the results of primary repair of acute trauma (less than 10 days) to flexor tendons of zone II. After initial exam, the operation was done by an experienced hand surgeon. The operation was done mostly in first 24 hours (primary repair) and in some cases in 10 days (delayed primary repair). All FDP lacerations were repaired with 4/0 nylon modified Kessler core suture and 6/0 nylon circumferential running suture. Post operation mobilization was done by using a dorsal splint in 40 degree wrist flexion and 60 degree metacarpophalengeal flexion and interphalengeal extent ion from finger tips to elbow. Early motion was begun one or two days after operation with modified Kleinert regimen. in children who could not cooperate in motion, long cast was used all patens completed follow up every two weeks for 6 weeks and every three weeks for another 6 weeks. The results were evaluated to buck –gramcko classification system at least 3 months after treatment. The results analyze was done using SPSS software and Kruskal –Wallis and man Whitney tests. The study was done on 37 patients with injured flexor tendons, %67 male and %33 female with average age of 26. The results were excellent in 22 (%37.3) and good in 21 (%35.6 and fair in %20.3 and bad in 4 (%6.8). The most common complications were mild to moderate adhesion (%45) and cold intolerance (%36). Results of tendons repair were better in females than those in males (p value =%0.399). The best result was repair of isolated FDS. Results of repairing both FDP and FDS were the same as repairing FDP and resecting FDS (P value =%0.0006) final results were better in non dominant had (p value =%0.0025). The repair of flexor tendons of zone II has various side effects and demands more and more primary repair measures on the part of an experienced surgeon.

Stress ulcerations are the most common cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, prophylaxis therapy may decrease mortality. However, the cost and side effects pose restrictions to its use. In this study ICU in patients who received. Sucralfate and Ranitidine were compared to a similar group who did not receive prophylaxis in terms of gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods and Materials: In this study (clinical trial) 150 in patients of ICU ward in Katam (PBHH) were investigated from Mehr 1380 to Urdibehesht 1381. patients were divided into 3 groups of 50 at random the group I were given 1gm sucraflate every 6 hours, group II were given 50mg Ranitidine every 8 hours, control group received no drug. In this study endpoint primary hemorrhage was due to stress ulcerations.

There were 13 cases (26 %) of hemorrhage in sucralfate group, 6 cases (12%) in Ranitidine, and 12 cases (24%) in control group. Stress-related hemorrhage in patients who received sucralfate in comparison to those in control group (P=0.8174) and also in comparison to ranitidine group did not have significant difference (P=0.7440). Hemoohage to stress ulcerations in patients who received Ranitidine in comparison to those in control group did not have significant difference (P=0.1184.)

this study revealed that gastrointestinal bleeding due to stress –ulcerations in patients who received Sucralfate or Ranitidine in comparison to those who received no prophylaxis therapy for stress ulcerations did not have significant difference which was in conformity with other studies conducted previously.