Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:15 Issue: 1, Jan 2013

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitors were examined for predication or treatment of different tumors and it is indicated that COX-2 specific inhibitors play an important regulatory role in apoptosis of tumoral tissues. Therefore, the present study was designed in order to examine the preventive effects of a COX-2 specific inhibitor called celecoxib on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced squamous cell carcinoma on rat. In this experimental study, 30 Sprague Dawley rats (with the age of 3- 3.5 months) were selected and divided into three groups. In order to induce lingual carcinoma, 4NQO powder was prepared 3 times a week for each cage. In this study, celecoxib power was mixed with a basic food (basal diet) in order to examine the systematic effect. Tongue samples were sent to laboratory for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and histological examination. Based on morphological criteria and the ratio of apoptosis to cell proliferation, the prevalence of tongue precancerous lesions was reduced significantly by celecoxib. Celecoxib systematic has inhibitory effects on the 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. The effect of celecoxib is probably via suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis.

Microleakage in Stainless Steel Crowns (SSC) margins leads to seepage of oral fluids and bacteria and it is one of the reasons for treatments failures. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of zinc phosphate, glass Ionomer and polycarboxylate cements on microleakage of stainless steel crowns for primary pulpotomized molar teeth. In this experimental in vitro study, 60 extracted primary molar teeth were randomly divided in to three groups (n=20). Stainless steel crowns were fitted for each tooth after pulpotomy procedures. Crowns were luted with a zinc phosphate, glass ionomer or polycarboxylate cement. All specimens were stored in 100% humidity at 37o C for 1 hour and termocycled 500 times (5ºC to 55ºC) with a 30 seconds dwell time and then immersed in 0.5% basic fuschin solution for 24 hours. The specimens were sectioned buccolingually and each section was evaluated for microleakage under a stereomicroscope. In zinc phosphate group 45% of spicemens and in glass ionomer group there was 5% of spicemens showed leakage extending on to occlusal aspect and in polycarboxylate group none of the spicemens had this situation. According to the kruskal wallis test in all groups there were significant differences in microleakage (p< 0.001). The use of zinc phosphate cement resulted in the highest percentage of microleakage. The microleakage of SSCs cemented with polycarboxylate and glass ionomer were similar.

Mechanical method of plaque control is still considered the most effective method in reducing microbial dental plaque, however, considering the limitations of this technique in children, the assistance of chemical plaque control methods have been suggested. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Meridol and kids Irsha mouth rinses on plaque accumulation in 7-9 year-old school children, referred to Community Dental Health Department of Zahedan Dental School in 2010. A double-blind clinical trial was conducted. Fifty samples were randomly allocated to four groups including Meridol, Kids Irsha, chlorhexidine (positive control) and normal saline (negative control). Prophylaxis was done for all samples, and plaque index was determined for each sample after 48 hours on days 0 and 30. Samples used mouth rinses every day during this period. The data was analyzed with SPSS-17 using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Sign tests. In this study, a significance level of p≤ 0.05 has been considered. At the end of the study, 45 samples attended for plaque index documentation. Plaque index was reduced significantly in all four groups on day 30 compared to day 0. Meridol, Kids Irsha, and saline groups did not show any significant difference with each other with respect to plaque reduction percentage between days 0 and 30, whereas chlorhexidine showed significant difference with Meridol, Kids Irsha and Saline (p=0.001). The effect of Meridol and Kids Irsha mouth rinses on plaque reduction was not significant compared to that of Chlorhexidin.

Diabetes will result in change in qualitative and quantitative function of saliva. The purpose of the study was to determine the chemical composition (combination) of unstimulated saliva in patients with type I diabetes mellitus. In this case-control study, unstimulated saliva of 25 patients with type I controlled diabetes (20-30 years) and 25 healthy person who matched with the case group in respect of age and gender was gathered and analyzed in order to evaluate the chemical composition of saliva. The data was analyzed using SPSS-18 and independent t-test. Salivary Ca2+ concentration in diabetic patients was equivalent to 9.2±2.3 mg/dl and in healthy individuals was 9.4±0.7 mg/dl; Sodium level (Na+) in diabetics was equal to 1.3±11.8 mg/dl and in healthy individuals was 9.9±2.5 mg/dl; Potassium level (K+) in diabetics was equal to 19.5±6.3 mg/dl and in healthy individuals was 15.8±4.4 mg/dl; Urea level in diabetics was equal to 19±3.8 mg/dl and in healthy individuals 9.7±1.4 mg/dl; and Phosphorus level (P+) in diabetics was equivalent to 12.7±4.6 mg/dl and in healthy individuals was 11±4.8 mg/dl. Salivary K+, Urea, and Na+ concentration in both groups was significantly different (p=0.05). Chemical composition of saliva in diabetics in relation to healthy individuals was different; Urea and Potassium level increased and Sodium level decreased.

Epulis Fissuratum (Epulis Fissuratum (EF) or Denture Epulis or inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia) is a common hyperplastic tumor-like lesion with reactive nature, related to loose and ill-fitting, full or partial removable dentures and it is more common in women than men. For this reason, hormonal influences may also play role in its creation. The effect of steroid hormones especially sex hormones (Estrogen and progesterone) on oral mucosa is identified in some studies. In the present study, the distribution pattern and presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in epithelial, stromal, endothelial and inflammatory cells in Epulis Fissuratum was investigated. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 30 samples of paraffin blocks with Epulis Fissuratum diagnosis and 30 samples of normal mucosal tissues as a control group who have had surgery as a margin beside the above lesions and had been obtained from the oral and maxillofacial pathology departement of Babol Dental School since 2003 up to 2010. Intensity of staining and immunoreactivity were evaluated using subjective index and considering the positive control group (breast carcinoma). Epithelial, stromal, endothelial and inflammatory cells didn’t show reaction with monoclonal antibodies against estrogen and progesterone in none of the samples. It seems that the hypothesis of the existence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in epulis fissuratum and normal oral mucosa is ruled out. The possibility of direct effect of estrogen and progesterone in occurring of epulis fissuratum is rejected.

It is necessary to seal the dental access cavity which is under root canal treatment with temporary restorative materials. For this purpose, the main attention in selecting the temporary restorative material during endodontic treatments is drawn to the sealing ability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the coronal sealing ability of 3 temporary filling materials, Cavizol, Coltosol, and Zonalin through DPI (Dye Penetrant Inspection). In this study, 98 extracted with no decay mandibular and maxillary molar teeth were used. The teeth were divided into 3 experimental groups of 30 teeth and two positive and negative control groups of 4 teeth. In the experimental group, 4×4mm endodontic access cavity was created on the occlusal surface and in each experimental group the teeth were filled with Cavizol, Coltosol, and Zonalin. In the positive control group, access cavity was created but restorative material was not used. In the negative control group, access cavity was not created. Experimental groups (teeth) were placed in normal saline for 2 hours. Then, the first, second and third groups were immersed in methylene blue dye for 24 hours, 1 week, and 4 weeks, respectively. Zonalin showed significantly more (micro) leakage than Coltosol and Cavizol. Cavizol also showed more leakage than Coltosol, but there was no significant difference between them. According to the results of the study, Coltosol and Cavizol are suitable for dressings with less than one week duration because of better sealing. In case the interval between treatment sessions lasts more than a week, the dressing should be replaced.

The purpose of this study is to compare the validity of panoramic radiography with CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) in the assessment of the relationship between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal. In this descriptive-analytical study, 80 mandibular third molars were extracted from 48 patients. On the panoramic radiography (PR) there was a close relationship between the root tooth and mandibular canal in all the teeth. The teeth were classified on the basis of six radiographic markers in panoramic radiographs (superimposition, root opacity/darkening of the roots, root deflection, diversion of the canal, interruption of the cortical border of the canal and narrowing of the canal). Then, the relationship between the markers and presence or absence of contact is CBCT was investigated. The superimposition marker in the interrupted group and group with intact border was significantly higher than the group with no cortical border. The interruption of the cortical border of the canal and increased radiolucency marker were significantly higher in no-cortical border group than the other two groups. As to the other three markers (diversion of the canal, narrowing of the canal and root diversion) due to the low frequency in the 80 teeth, the findings were presented in a descriptive manner. Presence or absence of a radiological sign in panoramic radiography will not properly predict the existence of a close relationship with third molar and it is suggested that in case of tooth-canal overlapping either as a superimposition or as other aforesaid markers, the patient should be referred for CBCT assessment regarding the additional and useful information provided by CBCT.

Regarding the negative effects of inflammatory disease including periodontal infections on cardiovascular diseases, this study was carried out in order to investigate the periodontal status of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) referring to two hospitals in Zahedan. In this study, 100 patients with CAD who referred to Khatam-al-Anbia and Imam Ali Hospitals in Zahedan were examined. After clinical examination, periodontal parameters PD (probing depth), AL (attachment level), PI (plaque index), and GR (gingival recession) were determined. Preparing the radiography, the average percentage of bone resorption overall the mouth was measured and registered. The results were analyzed using SPSS-17. Plaque accumulation in 92% of the subjects of study was more than 10%. Pocket depth in the patients was as follows: 18% of the patients had less than 2 mm PD; 13% of them 2-2.99 mm; 43% with 3-45.99 mm PD and 26% of them had deep pocket (> 5 mm). In relation to attachment loss, the results were as follows: in 9% of the patients 1-2 mm; 41% of them 3-4 mm, and for 50% of the patients AL was more than 5 mm. the average of gingival recession in the subjects was 3.31±1.9. Considering bone resorption, 6.7% of the people had less than 20% resorption, 46.7% had 20-39% resorption and in 46.7% of them, resorption was 40-60%. In this study, affliction to periodontal diseases was said to be the cause of Coronary Artery Disease.

Oral Submucousal Fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition often created in consumers of different products containing arecanut. These products are commonly used in countries like India and Pakistan. In Iran, it is commonly consumed in cities which are in proximity of Pakistan border including Chabahar. The present study is done in order to study OSF and other relating factors in consumers of products containing areca nut. In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study, 362 consumers of products containing areca nut (pan, supari, gutka and etc.) were studied in order to examine the incidence of OSF. The diagnostic criteria were mouth-opening limitations, mucosa stiffness and touching the intramucous fibrotic bands. Information about the consumption amount, alternation, the type of consumed material and time of consumption was mentioned in the questionnaire. Finally, the data was analyzed using SPSS-14 and χ2 test. Of 362 consumers of areca nut (227 men (62.7%) and 135 women (37.3%)) in the age group 7-71 and average age of 27 years old, 61 person (16.9%) including 33 men (54.1%) and 28 women (45.9%) were suffering OSF. There was a significant relationship between OSF incidence and time, dose and alternation of consumption (p˂0.05). Age and sex didn’t have a certain correlation with OSF. The recent study indicated a strong correlation between consumption of products containing areca nut and OSF.

The antimicrobial properties of plant extracts have shown promise for development of new drugs. This study was conducted to measure the antibacterial activity of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extract against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In this experimental study the grape seed extract have been prepared with maceration method. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was examined by determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) using the macro dilution broth technique. MIC and MBC for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was 3.84 mg/mL and 7.68 mg/mL respectively.There were not any inhibitory effects against Streptococcus mutans. The Grape seed extract has inhibitory and bactericidal effects against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. There were not any bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects against Streptococcus mutans.

Composite resins undergo microleakage due to polymerization shrinkage particularly when located in cementum or dentin. The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage of flowable and nanofilled composites in Class V cavities extending on to the root in primary molars. Forty eight class V cavities in the cervical part of buccal and lingual surfaces of 24 intact mandibular second primary molars were prepared, with occlusal margins on enamel and gingival margins on cementum. After restoring cavities randomly with nanofilled or flowable composite by incremental technique, specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours, thermocycled, immersed in a basic Fuchsin solution for 24 hours and sectioned buccolingually. Microleakage was evaluated according to the depth of dye penetration along the restoration wall using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by Mann- Whitney U test at a significance level of 0.05. Microleakage of flowable and nanofilled composites at the cervical margin showed no statistically significant difference, however occlusal margin in nanofilled composite exhibited significantly less microleakage than flowable composite (p=0.013). In contrast to occlusal margin, there was no statistically significant difference in microleakage between the 2 composites on the gingival margin. Microleakage on the gingival wall was greater compared to occlusal wall for both composites.

Occlusal caries in semi-erupted first permanent molars may be the result of special anatomy, long eruption period and incomplete enamel calcification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between occlusal caries of those teeth and dmft, oral hygiene and plaque on the occlusal surface. Total of 193 semi-erupted first permanent molars were evaluated in 85 Zahedanian children concerning the occlusal caries, the amount of plaque on this surface, molar dmft, oral hygiene, dental arch, side and sex. The occlusal surface of 21.8% of the samples was decayed and there was only a significant correlation between the amount of plaque on the occlusal surface and also dmft with occlusal carries (p=0.03). Too much plaque on the occlusal surface and dmft are related with occlusal carries.

Chronic diffuse osteomyelitis is an intermodular bone infection which may be resulted from a localized osteitis, previous acute osteomyelitis or prior infective processes. Florid cement-osseous dysplasia brings about a change in perfusion and in case of infection will pave the way for osteomyelitis. Complaining of chronic pain and pus drainage, a patient referred to the center of oral diseases for removing the right maxillary first molar and was diagnosed with chronic diffuse osteomyelitis in florid cement-osseous dysplasia. Bone expansion of all four quadrants of the jaws, pain, pus drainage, sinus involvement made this patient unusual (abnormal).

Pyostomatitis vegetans (PV) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Oral appearance are the first symptoms.One of the less common clinical features is erosions which tend of form granulation tissue, and finally develop a vegetative looking, especially in the skin folds and heal and face. In clinical examination diffuse vegetation and snail tract was found.

Gorlin syndrome is a dominant autosomal familial disorder. The manifestations begin at an early age and a combination of phenotypic abnormalities such special facial appearance, jaw cysts and skeletal anomalies are seen in this disease. A 22-year-old woman referred to Zahedan Dental School complaining of pain on the left cheek. During the examination, several cutaneous lesions in the neck, pits in palm and sole and multiple jaw cysts were observed. According to the clinical symptoms, lesion biopsy and reports of Gorlin syndrome radiography were presented.