فهرست مطالب

Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:17 Issue: 2, Feb 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1393/10/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 13
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  • Zahra Shafiei, Sarvestani, Ahmad Oryan, Abdolhamid Meimandi, Parizi, Amin Bigham, Sadegh Pages 1-6
    Background
    This study was carried out to evaluation the effect of human platelet rich plasma (hPRP) on the bone repair process in rabbit model which could be used in many procedures of orthopedic or maxillofacial bone and implant reconstructive surgery.
    Materials And Methods
    This study is a prospective experimental study on animal model. A critical size defect (10 mm) was created in the radial diaphysis of 24 rabbit and then supplied with human PRP (treatment group) or the defect left empty (control group). Radiographs of each forelimb was taken postoperatively on 1st day and at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks post injury to evaluate bone formation, union and remodeling of the defect. The operated radii were removed on 56th postoperative day and were evaluated for biomechanical properties and histopathological criteria.
    Results
    The results indicate that human PRP (as a xenogenic PRP) in treatment group significantly promote bone regeneration in critical size defects compared with control group (p<0.05).
    Conclusion
    This study showed that hPRP has a high regenerative capacity in critical size bone defects in rabbit model after 8 weeks.
    Keywords: Platelet rich plasma, Bone repair, Rabbit
  • S. Adeleh Razavi, Laleh Hoghooghirad, Hoda Golab, Ghadaksaz, Mehdi Hedayati Pages 7-10
    Background
    Calcium has different functions in metabolic processes and increase or decrease of calcium level in blood may lead to different disorders. Therefore, measurement of calcium level in blood is an important clinical issue. It is not possible to measure calcium in plasma samples which contain calcium chelators and we need serum samples to do so. This research aims to investigate the simple and direct colorimetric method for calcium measuring in EDTA treated plasma.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, through adding a patented solution to EDTA treated plasma, calcium ions are released from calcium chelators and then reacted with Ortho Cresolphthalein Complexone (o-CPC) as a coloring reagent and finally product of calcium reaction is measured using microplate reading format. The details of methodology are patented on 29.04.2012 in State Organization for Registration of Deeds and Properties with registration number of 74804, and are the exclusive property for the owners. Sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and the correlation of plasma calcium with serum calcium level were investigated.
    Results
    Sensitivity of this method was 0.4 mg/dL. Coefficient of variation for intra assays and inter assay were less than 5% and 6% respectively. According to recovery and parallelism tests, ratio and recovery percent ranged from 90 to 110% and correlation coefficient in compare with determination of calcium in serum by the same reagent was 0.92.
    Conclusion
    This method is capable of measuring calcium in EDTA treated plasma and in addition, it has the required sensitivity, precision and accuracy for common clinical tests.
    Keywords: Colorimetry, Calcium, Plasma, EDTA
  • Atena Dashtizadeh, Javad Baharara Pages 11-15
    Background
    Deferoxamine (DFO) is an iron chelator. In the present research, the synergic effects of deferoxamine and electromagnetic field (with 50 H frequency and 100 Gauss intensity) on angiogenesis of chick chorioallantoic membrane were investigated.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study 80 fertilized egg used and randomly divided 8 group: control group, laboratory control groups of 1 and 2, experimental group 1 (treatment with electromagnetic field), 2 and 3 (treatment with deferoxamine 10, 100 µmol, respectively), 4 and 5 (treatment both deferoxamine 10 and 100 µmol respectively and electromagnetic field). On 8th day of incubation, 2 and 4 groups were incubated with 10 µL deferoxamine and for 3 and 5 groups were incubated with 10 µL deferoxamine 100 µmol. On 10th day, 1, 4 and 5 groups were put in electromagnetic field. On 12th day, the number and length of vessels in all samples was measured by Image J software. Data were analyzed by SPSS-19, ANOVA and t-test.
    Results
    The mean number and length of vessels in the control and experimental cases did not show any significant differences. Comparison between mean number of vessels in the control and group 2, 3, 4, 5 showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) and groups 2 and 4 was showed a significant decrease in the mean length of vessels compared with the controls (p<0.05).
    Conclusion
    Using deferoxamine with low frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz and 100 G) cause inhibition of angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane.
    Keywords: Angiogenesis, Deferoxamine, Electromagnetic field Chorioallantoic membrane
  • Sima Kalantari, Mohammad Reza Bigdeli, Maryam Shams, Lahijani Pages 16-21
    Background
    Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have teratogenic effects during the embryonic development. In current study, histopathological and physiological effects of sinusoidal EMF on the brain were investigated. We sought to determine the apoptosis level and changes in blood brain barrier permeability in brain tissue of pre-incubated white leghorn hen eggs in the field of EMF.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, 300 healthy, fresh, and fertilized eggs (55-65 g) were divided into experimental (3 groups, N=50), control (N=75) and sham (N=75) groups. Experimental eggs (inside the coil) were exposed to 3 different intensities of 1.33, 2.66 and 7.32 mT and sham groups were also located inside the same coil but with no exposure, for 24 hrs before incubation. Control, sham and experimental groups were incubated in an incubator (38±0.5ºC, 60% humidity). Brains of 14-day old chicken embryos of all groups were removed, fixed in formalin (10%), stained with H & E and TUNEL, apoptotic cells were studied under light microscope. Brains of other embryos were prepared for scanning electron microscope. By injections of Evans blue, any possible changes in brain vessels were also investigated.
    Results
    Our results showed electromagnetic fields have toxic effects on cell organelles and cell membranes. EMF would increase the level of cellular apoptosis in the brain. They also would tear up the blood vessels. Thereafter, they would affect the permeability of blood brain barrier of exposed chicken embryos.
    Conclusion
    These findings suggest that electromagnetic fields induce different degrees of brain damages in chicken embryos brain tissue.
    Keywords: Brain, Apoptosis, Blood brain barrier, Electromagnetic field, Chicken embryo
  • Mahnaz Taherianfard, Saeed Nazifi, Zahra Farahani Pages 22-26
    Background
    Leptin is one of the possible mediators of ethanol intake. On the other hand, the concentration of total plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is a well-established indicator for the risk of cardiovascular disease, and seems to be related to ethanol consumption. So, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute (70%) and chronic (10%) exposure to evaporated ethanol on: 1-brain leptin and Hcy concentration on the 15th day of embryonic development of chick. 2- brain leptin and Hcy concentration immediately after hatch of chick and 3- serum leptin concentration immediately after hatch of chick.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study sixty fertilized eggs were used. Eggs were divided into control; acute exposure to ethanol and chronic exposure to ethanol. Hcy was measured by using enzyme-linked assay, and leptin was measured with the chick leptin radioimmunoassay kit.
    Results
    Data showed brain Hcy concentration on the 15th day of embryonic stage of chicken that acute and chronic exposure to ethanol significantly (p<0.05) decreased, but did not have any effect on brain Hcy concentration immediately after hatch in chicken that acute and chronic exposure to ethanol during embryonic stages. Acute and chronic exposure to ethanol during embryonic stages significantly (p<0.05) increased brain leptin on the 15th day of embryonic stage, brain leptin immediately after hatch of chicken and plasma leptin immediately after hatch of chicken.
    Conclusion
    Present results indicated that acute and chronic exposure to ethanol by evaporation in embryonic stage of chicken can change the brain Hcy, brain leptin and serum leptin.
    Keywords: Ethanol, Homocysteine, Leptin, Embryonic stage, Chickens
  • S. Mohammad Hossein Noori, Mugahi, Fatemeh Moghani, Ghoroghi Pages 27-30
    Background
    Nowadays nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule which acts as a regulator of many physiological processes in many tissues including epithelial cell of gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we investigated the effects of L-Argentine as a NO precursor and L-NAME as a NO inhibitor on epithelial cell number and height of jejuna epithelium in rats.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, 40 adult female rats with 8 weeks age and 200-250 g weight were divided into 5 groups, containing 8 rats in each group. Except the control group, the other groups received normal saline (2 mL/kg), L-Argentine (200 mg/kg), L-NAME (20 mg/kg) and a mixture of 2 substances for L-Argentine and L-NAME group intraperitonealy for 3 days. Two weeks later, jejunum was expelled out and after fixation and tissue processing, the sections were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin method and the changes were assessed. Cell number and height was evaluated using Image Tools III Microsoft software. Statistical analysis was made by One-Way ANOVA followed by Turkey post hoc test to evaluate the statistical significance between different groups. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
    Results
    There was a significant increase in the cell number and height of jejuna epithelium in L-Argentine group (p<0.05). Whereas no significant difference was observed between L-NAME, L-Arginine+L-NAME, normal saline and control groups.
    Conclusion
    The results demonstrated that L-Argentine can result in proliferation of jejuna epithelial cells whereas L-NAME has no effect on these cells.
    Keywords: Nitric oxide, L, Arginine, L, NAME, Epithelial cell, Jejunum
  • S. Ali Akbar Mahmoody, Valiollah Dabidi, Roshan, Reza Gharakhanlou, Mehdi Hedayati Pages 31-36
    Background
    We have investigated the effect of 8 weeks aerobic training (AT) and Ferula gummosis supplement (FG) on apelin and apelin receptor (APJ), nitric oxide (NO) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) of hypertensive rats.
    Materials And Methods
    In a experimental study, 50 adult male wistar rats were classified into five groups; 1- AT, 2- FG, 3- combination of aerobic training + Ferula Gummosa supplement (TFG), 4- nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME), 5- shame (control) groups (SH). The rats in the 1 to 4 groups received L-NAME (10 mg/kg, 6 times a week for 8 weeks). Also, the 1 and 3 groups experienced the training of 15 to 22 m/min for 25 to 64 minutes, 5 times a week for 8 weeks, whereas, the 2 and 3 groups received Ferula gummosis supplement (90 mg/kg, 6 times a week for 8 weeks). However, rats in 5 groups received NaCl solution.
    Results
    At protocols resulted in a significant increase in apelin and APJ as compared to control and L-NAME groups. The TFG protocols resulted in a markedly increase in apelin, APJ and significantly decrease of ACE levels as compared to L-NAME group. Chronically administration of L-NAME resulted increased, ACE, and reduced the levels of apelin, APJ and NO, as compared to control group.
    Conclusion
    The results in this study show that physical regular activity with and without herbal treatment induce amplification in apelin/APJ system and down-regulation blood pressure in L-NAME induced hypertension in the rat kidney tissue.
    Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Hypertension, Adipokines, Apelinergic system
  • Ali Yadollahpour, S. Mohammed Firoozabadi, S. Javad Mirnajafizade Pages 37-41
    Background
    Almost 20% of epileptics are drug resistant. Studies have shown that low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is with therapeutic effects on epilepsy-affected laboratory models. Anticonvulsant effects of rTMS depend on several parameters among which radiation frequency is the most important one. In this study, the therapeutic impacts of 1 and 2 Hz rTMS on convulsing parameters in epileptic model of electrical kindling stimulation of the perforant path were investigated.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study 21 rats were randomly divided into three groups, namely ‘1 Hz treatment group’ and ‘2 Hz treatment group’ and ‘kindling group’. The kindling group only received kindling stimulations for seven days. One Hz and 2 Hz frequency treatment groups received maximally 5 min rTMS after termination of kindling stimulation per day for a week. Stimulation and stability electrodes had been placed, in turn, on perforant path and dentate gyrus. For quantifying the duration of the subsequent discharge waves, two-way ANOVA test and Bonferroni post-test were employed. In addition, for quantifying the convulsive behaviors, Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U tests were used.
    Results
    The results showed that 1 Hz and 2 Hz frequency rTMS have considerable inhibitory impact on the development of convulsive phases. Anticonvulsive effect was observed from the first day after rTMS was undertaken. In addition, the animals did not show fourth and fifth convulsive stages, and a significant reduction was evident in their recorded peak discharge waves compared with kindle group.
    Conclusion
    Low frequency rTMS possesses significant anticonvulsive effects which depend upon sTMS stimulation frequency.
    Keywords: Cranial magnetic stimulation, Epilepsy, Path kindling, Dentate gyrus
  • Mohammad Reza Shahraki, Sarieh Shahraki, Mohammad Reza Arab, Mahnaz Shahrakipour Pages 42-46
    Background
    More than 80 million individuals suffer from infertility globally. Various factors such as some drugs and toxins have harmful effects on fertility. Anacyclus pyrethrum plant in Indian traditional medicine is used for treatment of many diseases including infertility.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study 48 male adult rats were divided randomly into four groups (N=12) including one control group (A) and three test groups (B, C and D). Test groups (B, C and D) received root aqueous extract of A. pyrethrum intraperitoneally with doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg for 28 days, respectively. At the end of the treatment period, the reproduction variables such as weight of body and sex organs, the sperm count in epididymis and right and left vas deferens and percent of abnormal spermatozoids were determined. The test groups were compared to the controls using analysis of variance following Tukey.
    Results
    Data analysis of body and sex organs’ weight, sperm count of epididymis and right and left vas deferens and percent of abnormal spermatozoids showed a significant difference between the tests and control groups (p=0.02, p=0.0001); however, no significant difference was found between two groups regarding vas deferens weight.
    Conclusion
    The results of the present study showed that root aqueous extract of A. pyrethrum increased the weights of body and sex organs, increase of sperm count of epididymis and right and left vas deferens, and reduction of percent of abnormal spermatozoids in treated rats.
    Keywords: Anacyclus pyrethrum, Epididymis, Spermatogenesis
  • Houman Kahroba, Hamid Galehdari, Mohammad Shafeei, Saeed Reza Khatami, Ali Khodadadi Pages 47-51
    Background
    Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a glycoprotein, categorized as a subfamily of interleukin 6 cytokines which is known in many mammals. A pluripotent cytokine with a wide biological function range has numerous effects on target cells. The LIF regulates neuron survival, hematopoiesis and seen in LIF-/- knockout mice affects blastocyst implantation, also acts as pre-inflammatory cytokine, and regulates immune response. Further, it is able to maintain stem cells poly potency. The main object of present work was expression, optimizing, and purification of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor (rhLIF).
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, Pet28 (+) carrying the LIF gene and kanamycin resistance marker was cloned in E. coli strain BL21. The induction was optimized by altering 3 factors including the temperature, the induction time, and the concentration of the Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) as inducer. The purification of the recombinant human LIF (rhLIF) was done by single step affinity chromatography. After the purification, method accuracy was proved by Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) -PAGE electrophoresis and Western blotting.
    Results
    Optimizing of the expression was reached by changing various parameters, and purification has been done successful.
    Conclusion
    rhLIF undergoes modification by glycosylation to get its full functionality. The produced rhLIF in prokaryotic host in this work is lacking of glycosylation. However, its proper function should be evaluated in further studies.
    Keywords: Recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor, E. coli, Gene expression, Recombinant protein purification
  • Farzaneh Sadat Naghavi, Parichehr Hanachi, Mohammad Reza Soudi, Azra Saboora Pages 52-56
    Background
    Rhodotorula is characterized by the absence of ballistoconidia, fermentation ability, and starch-like compounds. Biology of the species is not well-identified; Therefore molecular identification is required. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region can be used for the identification of the majority of Basidiomycetous species. Carotenoids which are natural pigments can be synthesized by some genera of yeasts such as Rhodotorula. The increase of demand for carotenoids obtained from natural sources has promoted major efforts to recognize potential microbial sources. The aims of this study were to identify a strain isolated from leather wastewater and to investigate its carotenoid production ability. The effect of 2 different medium (Semi-synthetic medium (MMS) and Yeast Malt extract medium (YM)) on biomass and carotenoid production was studied.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study, Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region in addition to morphological and biochemical characterization to identify the strain was carried out. To isolate the carotenoid pigment, cells were suspended in acetone and broken using a homogenizer, followed by centrifugation and supernatant was separated; Thus pigments were measured spectrophotometrically at 450 nm using the extinction coefficient E1%450=2500.
    Results
    Identification processes represented strain SG006 as a Rhodotorula slooffiae. The sequence was deposited in the Gene Bank database with accession number JX997835. The results showed that SG006 are able to produce carotenoid and MMS medium promoted carotenoid production.
    Conclusion
    We found that Rhodotorula slooffiae showed the ability to produce carotenoid. However, further work is needed to optimize of the amount of product and to characterize the carotenoids.
    Keywords: Carotenoid, Culture media, Rhodotorula, Sequence analysis, Yeast
  • Leila Akbari, Maryam Noroozian, Parisa Azadfar, Samira Shaibaninia, Farhad Assarzadegan, Massoud Houshmand Pages 57-59
    Background

    Alzheimer''s disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease with both genetic and non genetic causes. Familial Alzheimer''s disease can be caused by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 and presenilin 2. Early-onset familial Alzheimer''s disease (autosomal dominantly inherited) accounts for a small fraction (2-3%) of Alzheimer''s disease cases. The aim of this study was investigation of exons 5, 7 in PSEN1 and exons 5, 6 in PSEN2 genes in Iranian patients with early onset Alzheimer disease. These exons were hot spots in different country.

    Materials And Methods

    In this experimental study 24 patients with early onset Alzheimer disease and 48 healthy subjects as control group were included in this study. After DNAs extraction from whole blood, PCR-sequencing was used to amplify and analyze 4 exons.

    Results

    Two known mutations (Glu 120 Lys in exon 3 of two patients and Arg 62 His in exon 5 of one patient) were found.

    Conclusion

    According to the above findings, these exons were not hot spot in Iran.

    Keywords: Alzheimer disease, PSEN1 gene, PSEN2 gene, Mutation, Iran
  • Mahnaz Kesmati, Khadijeh Gholami, S. Reza Kazeminejad Pages 60-62
    Background
    Opioid receptors change in CNS by anti thyroid hormones drugs. In this study effect of acute and chronic methimazole (aMTZ and cMTZ) administration on morphine withdrawal were investigated.
    Materials And Methods
    In this experimental study adult male mice divided into control and experimental groups receiving aMTZ or cMTZ. All groups were addicted to morphine and morphine withdrawal was induced by naloxone and jumping, rearing and climbing signs were evaluated.
    Results
    Acute MTZ and chronic MTZ increased the climbing and jumping (p< 0.01, p< 0.001). cMTZ was more potent than the acute one.
    Conclusion
    MTZ probably influences an opioid abstinence directly and/or indirectly through decrement of thyroid hormones.
    Keywords: MTZ, Morphine withdrawal syndrome, Opioid receptors