مجله پژوهش های کاربردی در گزارشگری مالی
پیاپی 8 (بهار و تابستان 1395)

With larger companies, there is no possibility the presence of all owners in the company. Therefore, owners, choose managers and directors to delegate their representatives in the company's managers. What is certain; there is a conflict of interest between the manager a one way to reduce these costs, improve the quality of information disclosure, by the firm and the owner. This is one of the agency problems and creates agency costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the cost of representation Including capital structure, corporate governance and earnings management on the quality of information disclosure of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. To investigate the hypothesis research, 100 companies listed on TSE in the period from 1388 to 1393 (600 year-Co) were investigated. To measure capital structure, debt ratios were used. Corporate governance, with institutional ownership and management were examined. To calculate earnings management, the model was modified Jones. Results show Capital structure, managerial ownership and earnings management, a significant negative impact on their quality. However, there was no significant relationship between institutional ownership and disclosure quality. According to the results, it is concluded that the companies can increase the quality of their disclosure to investors is a positive sign; Earnings management and board members and the number of shares in the companies to reduce their debt.

managing the company's relationships with stakeholders plays an important role in improving the performance and growth and sustainable development of enterprises. The purpose of stakeholder management is balancing between the interests of any of the interest groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of stakeholder management on the firm performance. To measure stakeholder management, cash flow paid to each of the stakeholder groups is used as a measure for the benefit of them. For this, a sample of 220 companies in the period 1389 to 1393 is selected. The data, is analyzed using multivariate linear regression. Research evidence shows a significant positive relationship between firm performance with stakeholder management. In other words, reduce conflict and create a balance between the interests of stakeholders, lead to improved financial firm performance. The results provide incentive for the company's management to pay attention to the interests of all stakeholders in order to enhance the credibility and ability to competition.

According to modern financial theories, there is a relationship between performance and corporate value. Companies that offer optimum performance and optimally utilize the resources at their disposal are of greater value and thus have the potential to increase the wealth of owners. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between performance evaluation criteria (efficiency) and corporate value. For this purpose, a sample of 92 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange form 1380 to 1391 was analyzed. In order to test the hypotheses of this study, a multiple regression and Stepwise regression were used.. The results indicated that there was a direct relationship between corporate value and performance criteria; in other words, the companies which have more appropriate financial ratios and have optimum performance in this regard are deemed to have greater value. Besides, the results revealed that there was a greater correlation between corporate values and some criteria such as return on assets, cash flow per share, earnings per share, return on sales and sales growth. Hence, it can be declared that these criteria offer more information for decision-makings.

Investors for optimal allocating extra capital need to earn information from different sources. Financial statements are one of the most reliable sources that Investors can use it. Therefore, form and content of financial statements effect on make economic decisions. Furthermore, restating of financial statements influence on quality of financial information and the firm value. This study examines the relationship between restated financial statements and firm value. To test the hypothesis, 90 Firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during the Period 2004 to 2013 were studied. Multivariate regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis. According to the hypothesis, evidence of the relationship between the restatement of financial statements and intension restatement and firm value not observed.

As an essential element of adequate disclosure, timeliness of reporting affects the value of financial statements. Investors have been found to adversely react to modified audit opinions because opinions being perceived as unfavourable news. We investigate the potential impact of audit opinion change on the timeliness of financial disclosures, with improvements in audit opinion considered to be good news.
Using panel data analysis, this paper examines audit opinion improvement and timing of disclosure of Iranian firms. The sample is comprised of 148 publicly traded firms listed in TSE using object oriented sampling method. Using data for 1388-1392, we find that both improvements and degree of improvements in audit opinions were associated with timeliness of annual reports. In general, we find that firms experiencing an improvement in their audit opinions disclose their financial results early.
Finally, we find that the relationship between audit opinion changes and timeliness of corporate reports differs based on whether the opinion improved or deteriorated. While both opinion improvements and deteriorations were associated with timeliness of corporate reports, deteriorations in audit opinions had a greater effect on timeliness than opinion improvements. These asymmetric results suggest that managers react more to deterioration in audit opinion than to an improvement in audit opinion.

Employee expenses have information about employees and this amount is one of the biggest components in income statement. In this research, we examine the information content of this component relative to only earnings. Then, we test factors affecting this information content. Selected sample includes 33 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and for the test and analysis; we used data for fourteen years, 2002-2016. The statistical tests for data analysis are t-test for a difference in mean and multiple - regression. The article shows that the information content of employee expenses is more than that of only earnings. Average salary per employee, intensity and their persistence has significant roles in changing the predictability and value relevance of earnings. The results show that financial reports users can better predict company’s performance using the information obtained from earnings components and net earnings, and therefore, the information content of net earnings increases.

Voluntary disclosure of information, coordination, and partnership between the companies and investors improves with increasing the transparency of information and reducing information asymmetry. Voluntary disclosure with reducing opportunities earnings manipulation resulted to improve the quality of financial reporting and increase the confidence level of investors. This study investigates the impact of voluntary disclosure on earnings management in sample of 146 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2009-2013. This research Structural equation modeling was used to survey direct effects and the indirect effects of other variables on earnings management by improving the level of voluntary disclosure. The results show that increasing the level of voluntary disclosure leads to reduced earnings management through manipulation of discretionary accruals and manipulate the actual items .Also the board features and financial performance by improving the level of voluntary disclosure will be reduced earnings management.