فهرست مطالب

Psychiatry - Volume:11 Issue: 1, Winter 2016

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry
Volume:11 Issue: 1, Winter 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/11/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Maryam DaneshparvarÝ, SeyedÞ, Þali MostafaviÝ, Maryam Zare JeddiÝ, Masud YunesianÝ, Alireza MesdaghiniaÝ, Amir Hossein MahviÝ, Shahin Akhondzadeh Pages 1-14
    Objective
    Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral ýdisorders in children effecting the families and society. This systematic review examined ýthe literature on the role of lead exposure in children with ADHDþ þsymptoms. Articles were ýanalytically compared, focusing on the methodology used to assess exposure andþ þadverse ýeffectsþ þon children with ADHD. ý
    Method
    Using the search strategy from six databases (Pub Med, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SID, ýIRAN Medex, IRAN DOC), hand searching in key journals, list of references of selected ýarticles and gray literature, without time and language limitation, articles up to May 2014 ýwere entered into this review. In this review, 1,387 articles were acquired at the primary ýsearch. Study selection and quality assessment processes were done based on Cochrane ýlibrary guidelines. After assessing the quality and inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 articles ýwere selected and entered into the data synthesis.ý
    Results
    Blood Lead level (BLL) of less than 10µg/dL in children has been attributed to at least one ýtype of ADHD i.e., Combined / Inattentive / Hyperactive-Impulsive. The results of this ýstudy revealed that in 16 out of the 18 studies, a significant association was found between ýBLL and one of the types of ADHD.ý
    Conclusion
    Based on the findings of this study, even the BLL of less than the action level of 10µg/dL, ýchosen by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), may affect children with ýADHD.ý
    Keywords: ADHD, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Blood Lead Level, Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Childhood
  • Mehdi HormozpourÝ, Homayoun AminiÝ, Sara PajouhanfarÝ, Masoomeh Faghankhani, Arash Rahmani, Vandad SharifiÝ Pages 15-23
    Objective
    Schizophrenia and other psychoses have devastating personal and social impacts and many efforts have been devoted to study ýprodromal syndromes for psychosis in order to achieve earlier detection and interventions. However, only few studies have been ýperformed in developing countries on this subject, and there is a dearth of evidence in the Iranian population. In this study, we ýfocused on conversion rate to psychosis and changes in prodromal symptoms in a group of first-degree relatives of patients with ýschizophrenia and to compare the conversion rate in those with and without prodromal symptoms as assessed by the Structured ýInterview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS) and Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS).ýý
    Method
    Participants were the first-degree relatives of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia at Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran. At baseline, ýa trained psychiatrist interviewed the participants using the SIPS and the SOPS and assigned them to high- or low-risk groups either ýbased on the presence of prodromal criteria or seeking mental health services. After 12 months, the same examiner re-evaluated ýthe participants in order to determine the changes in their symptoms and identify the probable transitions to psychosis.ý
    Results
    One hundred participants, 50 participants within each of high- or low-risk groups, were recruited at baseline. Eight participants ýdropped out of the study. At the follow-up, the rate of transition to full psychosis among high-risk group was 13% (95% CI [0.029, ýý0.23]), whereas none of the low-risk participants developed psychosis. None of the high-risk participants demonstrated attenuation ýin their prodromal states after a one-year follow-up. In contrast, of the 50 low-risk participants, three experienced prodromal ýsymptoms for psychosis during this period. High-risk participant’s illustrated higher severity in almost all of the SOPS items compared ýto the low-risk participants at both baseline and follow-up evaluations.ý
    Conclusion
    Prodromal syndrome for psychosis based on the SIPS and the SOPS was a predictive factor for transition to psychosis after a 12-ýmonth period in a group of first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Iran. Conducting ýfurther studies on this at-risk population is highly recommended in order to provide practical methods for early screening and ýtherapeutic interventions
    Keywords: psychosis, schizophrenia, prodrome, ýrelatives
  • Frough Riahi, Maryam Izadi, Mazidi, Niloufar Khajeddin, Shahriar Nasirzadeh, Fatemeh Shafieian, Ammar Helalinasab, Mozhgan Deilamani Pages 24-29
    Objective
    Medically unexplained symptoms are physical symptoms, which cannot be explained by organic ýcauses. This study aimed to investigate mental health in patients with medically unexplained ýphysical symptoms. ý
    Method
    One hundred outpatients who were admitted to the Electro Diagnosis Clinic of Imam Khomeini ýhospital, Ahvaz/Iran, participated in this study. Data were collected using physical examination, ýparaclinical examinations, and SCL-90-R, and analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance ýý (MANOVA), Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. ý
    Results
    The findings revealed significant differences between clients with medically explained and ýunexplained symptoms in obsessive compulsive and somatization (p0.05).ý
    Conclusion
    The present study suggested an association between some psychological problems and somatic ýsymptoms. Therefore, screening for psychological impairments can improve clinical outcomes.
    Keywords: Medically Unexplained Symptom, ýMental health, Electro Diagnosis
  • Maryam Maddineshat, Sodabe Keyvanloo, Hossein Lashkardoost, Mina Arki, Mahbubeh TabatabaeichehrÝ Pages 30-36
    Objective
    Standards of care and treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) vary. Non-drug ýpsychosocial intervention therapy is recommended for women with any kind of ýdiscomfort or distress caused by PMS. The current study examined the effectiveness of ýgroup cognitive-behavioral therapy on the symptoms of PMS at a girls’ dormitory of ýNorth Khorasan University of Medical Sciences.
    Method
    In this quasi-experimental study, 32 female students with PMS who were majoring in ýnursing and midwifery and residing in the dormitory were selected using the ýconvenience sampling method and were assigned to experimental and control groups. ýThe Standardized Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool was used as the research ýtool. Eight sessions of cognitive-behavioral group therapy were held for the students
    Results
    There was a significant difference in psychological symptoms before and after ýcognitive-behavioral therapy (p=0.012). Furthermore, cognitive-behavioral therapy was ýeffective on social interferences caused by PMS symptoms (p=0.012).ý
    Conclusion
    Group cognitive-behavioral therapy effectively alleviates PMS symptoms in female ýcollege students.ý
    Keywords: cognitive, behavioral therapy, group ýtherapy, premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
  • Seyyed Salman AlaviÝ_Mohammad RezaÞ Þ MohammadiÝ_Hamid SooriÝ_Soroush Mohammadi Kalhori_Neda Sepasi_Rasoul Khodakarami_Mojtaba Farshchi_Niloofar HasibiÝ_Soodabeh RostamiÝ_Hadis Razi_Mohammad Babareisi Pages 37-42
    Objective
    Since the study of driving behavior is of great importance, we conducted this research to ýinvestigate the psychometric properties and the factorial structure of the Manchester Driver ýBehavior Questionnaire (DBQ) in Iranian drivers.ý
    Method
    This cross – sectional research was performed on a sample of 800 drivers (of category D and ýC) aged 23- 75 who were referred to Imam Sajjad Centre for drug Addiction Diagnosis. ýManchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ), a demographic questionnaire, were ýconducted to the sample. To analyze data, we used factor analysis, internal consistency ýý(Cronbachs’α), split half, and test-retest using SPSS18 Software.ý
    Results
    As a result of reliability analysis and exploratory factor analysis by principal component and Varimax rotation, we extracted six factors (willful violations, unintentional errors, advertent errors, deliberate mistakes, unintentional violation, and unintentional mistakes, respectively). The factors reliability ranged from 0.65 to 0.75. The test-retest correlations of the DBQ and split- half reliability were 0.56 and 0.77, respectively.
    Conclusion
    The results revealed that the Persian version of the DBQ in category D and C drivers is a ývalid and reliable tool to assess driving behaviors in Iranian drivers.ý
    Keywords: Iranian, Manchester Driving Behavior ýQuestionnaire (DBQ), Psychometric ýProperties, ývalidity, reliability
  • Naser Kalantari_Saeid Doaei_Maedeh Gordali_Ghazal Rahimzadeh_MaryamÞ Þ Gholamalizadeh Pages 43-50
    Objective
    A significant increase in violence in the world and its impact on public health and ýsociety can be an important reason to offer solutions to reduce or control anger. Studies ýhave shown that specific food groups may be effective in controlling mental disorders ýsuch as depression, anxiety and anger. The purpose of this study was to determine the ýrelationship between food intake and Body Mass Index on state-trait anger expression ýin female students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. ý
    Method
    In this cross-sectional study, 114 female students were randomly selected from ýdormitories of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Body height and ýweight were measured using the scale and stadiometer, respectively. The required data ýfor evaluating the relationship between state-trait anger expression and food ýconsumption groups were collected using State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 ýý (STAXI-2) and Food Frequency questionnaires.ý
    Results
    The results revealed a significant negative correlation between consumption of dairy ýproduct and trait anger (angry reaction), (P = 0.015). This association remained ýsignificant after adjustment of confounding factors. No significant correlations were ýfound between other food groups as well as BMI and state-trait anger expression.ý
    Conclusion
    The higher intake of dairy products reduced state-trait anger expression. This result is ýconsistent with the findings of many studies on the effect of dairy consumption on ýmental disorders. Therefore, consumption of dairy products can be a solution for ýreducing anger.ý
    Keywords: Anger, Body Mass Index, Food intake
  • Hiwa Mohammadi, Habibollah Khazaie, Mansour Rezaei, Mohammadtaghi Joghataei Pages 51-58
    Objective
    There are controversial reports about factors that affect recovery from stuttering. In the ýpresent study, the effect of hand dominancy, fine motor and inhibition control on late ýrecovery from stuttering was investigated among a group of Kurdish-Persian children who ýstuttered in Iran.ý
    Method
    Twenty-two Kurdish-Persian children aged 7-14 years who stuttered were followed for 6 ýyears. Based on the evaluation of three experienced speech therapists and parental judgments, ýthese children were classified into recovered or persistent groups. Data about fine motor ýcontrol of hand and inhibition control were obtained, using Purdue Pegboard and Victoria ýStrop Color Word Tests, respectively. Risk factors including sex, age, and family history of ýstuttering, handedness, inhibitory control and fine motor control of hand were compared ýbetween the groups and modeled to predict recovery from stuttering using logistic regression.ý
    Results
    From the 22 participants, 5 (22.7%) recovered from stuttering. The recovered and persistent ýgroups did not show significant differences in the interference effect. By dividing the scores ýof the Purdue Pegboard tests to the right and left hand, we created a new Handedness Index ýý(HI). HI was significantly higher in the recovered group. The score of right hand was higher ýthan the left in the recovered group, but no difference was found between the two hands in ýthe persistent group. Among the investigated risk factors, only HI could predict the recovery ýfrom or persistency of stuttering with 94% sensitivity and 84% specificity.ý
    Conclusion
    Handedness Index can predict the recovery from stuttering significantly among children who ýstutter.ý
    Keywords: Hand Fine Motor Control, Inhibition ýControl, Recovery from Stuttering
  • Atefeh Goshvarpour, Ataollah Abbasi, Ateke Goshvarpour Pages 59-63
    Objective
    It has been recognized that sleep has an important effect on emotion processing. The aim ýof this study was to investigate the effect of previous night sleep duration on autonomic ýresponses to musical stimuli in different emotional contexts.ý
    Method
    A frequency based measure of GSR, PR and ECG signals were examined in 35 healthy ýstudents in three groups of oversleeping, lack of sleep and normal sleep. ý
    Results
    The results of this study revealed that regardless of the emotional context of the musical ýstimuli (happy, relax, fear, and sadness), there was an increase in the maximum power of ýGSR, ECG and PR during the music time compared to the rest time in all the three ýgroups. In addition, the higher value of these measures was achieved while the ýparticipants listened to relaxing music. Statistical analysis of the extracted features ýbetween each pair of emotional states revealed that the most significant differences ýwere attained for ECG signals. These differences were more obvious in the participants ýwith normal sleeping (p
    Conclusion
    There was a strong relation between emotion and sleep duration, and this association can ýbe observed by means of the ECG signals.ý
    Keywords: Emotioný, Physiological Signals, Power ýSpectral Density, Signal processing, ýSleep
  • Kemal Utku Yazici, Ipek Percinel Pages 64-66
    When a literature review on pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is ýperformed, it is observed that there is a dearth of research on preschool period OCD ýcases. Although cognitive behavioral therapy is recommended as the first line of ýtreatment in preschool OCD cases when patients do not show adequate response to ýCBT, psychopharmacological treatment offers an alternative. The first line used in ýpsychopharmacological treatment is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s). ýHowever, no SSRI’s (or any other drug group) have been approved by the FDA for this ýage group. Moreover, studies related to psychopharmacology in preschool OCD are very ýlimited in the literature, consisting mostly of case reports related to sertraline and ýfluoxetine. In those studies, it is reported that sertraline and fluoxetine are effective in ýpreschool OCD and generally well-tolerated. In this paper, we discussed the treatment ýand six-month follow-up period of a 3.5 year-old (42 months) female diagnosed with ýOCD and for whom escitalopram was used. In the literature, there is a retrospective case ýseries related to this subject consisting of eleven cases, where improvement in symptoms ýis reported with escitalopram treatment in the five of six cases diagnosed with OCD. As ýfar as we could find in literature, our paper is the second report on this subject. Our case ýalso included the youngest patient to receive escitalopram for preschool period OCD ýand report its benefits.ý
    Keywords: Preschool Child, Obsessive, Compulsive ýDisorder, Escitalopram