Journal of Medical Physiology
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Spring 2019

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in pre-clinical and clinical studies for its highest potentials such as availability, pluripotency, growth factor secretion, and lesser ethical limitations. Among different sources of MSCs, human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) because of the easy and safe isolation, produce high level of cytokines such as angiogenic factor, and confirmed safety and efficacy in clinical trials, it has become more acceptable in the last decade.(1-4)
In the regenerative medicine, scientists usually looking for the best and most efficient source of stem cell. We have been working on the extraction and cultivation of hADSCs since 2010 (5-10) and noticed that the growth rate and proliferation of these cells seem to be far higher in winter than in other seasons. In addition, it is possible that the secretory function of hADSCs in winter is higher, too. A Possible explanation for this phenomenon may be related to higher adipose tissue metabolism during winter for energy homeostasis and thermal regulation.(11) Thus, high activation of adipose tissue could be reflected in hADSCs. Acceptance or rejection of this hypothesis needs further in vitro studies to clarify the effect of season on the quality and proliferation of the cultured hADACs.
Whenever this hypothesis is confirmed, it is a very pivotal point in the extraction and processing of hADSCs. If these cells are extracted in the season with the most growth and secretion activity, the best results in the regenerative medicine can be achieved through the transplantation of hADSCs. Therefore, designing and performing comprehensive studies is recommended to determine the variables that affect the achievement of the best and most effective hADSCs production.
The study will be designed and performed as in vitro by choosing a reasonable sample size for adipose sampling. Sampling and isolating of hADSCs will be done in four times, in 15th middle month of each season. It will be done matching method in order to adjust confounders such as demographic information, age, sex, disease, body mass index, extraction of cells time, etc.
The evaluated outcomes can be considered in accelerating of the cell proliferation by recording the time elapsed between the two consecutive passages, number of cell passages without entering the aging stage and amount of secretory activity of the cells (by western blotting-specific cytokines for each sample in each season). Finally, the information is compared between the samples of each season.

Despite having important clinical significance, the spleen is often a neglected internal organ especially in the medical physiology teaching. The present personal view is aimed to present the current understanding of the functioning of the spleen and the culture of teaching practices about spleen. The spleen is an intra-peritoneal organ located directly below the diaphragm connected to the stomach. It is one of the most perfused organs in the body. It consists of white pulp which is specialized in holding aggregation of lymphoid tissues, the red pulp having reticular meshworkings designed to destruct old, damaged and aberrant erythrocytes and the marginal zone lying between the red and the white pulp where foreign particles including microorganism are eliminated. The spleen, having such anatomical specializations, helps to perform wide arrays of activities ranging from successful induction of specific immunity through trapping, transportation, processing and presentation of antigens, recycling of iron and phagocytosis of senescent or damage red blood cells (RBCs) and pathogens. In conclusion, the basic knowledge of the anatomical and functional aspects of the spleen is essential for the assessment of its role in disease process and therefore, for the better understanding of the functions of spleen, teaching and incorporating the physiology of it in physiology syllabus is imperative.

Women experience physical and mental symptoms during the menstrual cycle, which has varied effect on working memory across different phases of menstrual cycle. With medical profession demanding high cognitive ability especially working memory for complex and urgent decision-making, this study to assess the working memory during postmenstrual and premenstrual phase was done on 40 healthy female interns. In this cross-sectional study, working memory was assessed with Self-Ordered Pointing test and Brown-Peterson task. Paired t test was carried out for comparison of working memory between the two phases. On comparing the results of Self-Ordered Pointing test, numbers of errors were significantly higher (p=0.022) in postmenstrual phase (5.3±1.56) compared to premenstrual phase (4.3±1.15). Brown Peterson task showed the total number of letters recalled by the subjects was significantly lower (p=0.041) in postmenstrual phase (26.3±2.16) compared to premenstrual phase (27.2±2.44). The results indicated that the task performance for the working memory function was good in the premenstrual phase. With the previous evidences supporting the present study results, estrogen secreted in relation to the menstrual phase is thought to be involved in good working memory during premenstrual phase.

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been proposed to affect cardiovascular system. This study was designed to assess the effects of long term exposure of extremely low frequency EMF of 100 and 500 µT on vascular activity in rats . Twenty one Wistar adult male rats were divided equally into three groups. The first group exposed to 50 Hz, 100 µT (EMF-100), another group exposed to 50 Hz, 500 µT (EMF-500), and the third group were consider as control and were not exposed to EMF. After 210 days of exposure, The animals were anaesthetized and thoracic aorta preparation was dissected and cut into 5 mm strips were linked to force transducer that connected to AD instrument powerlab. The aortic strips inserted to organ bath chambers containing oxygenated Krebs solution (37 °C). Then the aortic isometric tension was recorded after phenylephrine and acetylcholine administration. Vasorelaxation response to acetylcholine was not significantly different between three groups (p=0.60). However, the vasoconstriction response to phenylephrine in 500 µT group was less than those of other groups (p=0.035). It seems that prolong exposure to LF- EMF alter vascular response to vasoactive factors via adrenergic receptor pathways.

Tumor-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) have been detected in cancer, though whether plasma miRNAs could be a potential biomarker for cancers need to be more clear. We aimed to determine tissue and plasma expression levels of miRNA let-7g-5p, potentially predicting the clinical characteristics of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 62 cancer tissue and peripheral blood samples and 32 controls were included in the study. After total RNA extraction, quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the relative expression of let-7g-5p. The expression level of miR-let-7g-5p was down-regulated in CRC tissue compared to the non-tumor tissues (2.32±0.38 vs. 6.86±0.55, p<0.001). Moreover, a significant down-regulation of let-7g-5p was detected in plasma samples from CRC patients than in those of the controls (0.97±0.21 vs. 1.15±0.11, p<0.001). Further analysis showed a possible relationship between the tissue and plasma levels of let-7g-5p. Correlation analysis detected a significant association between expression levels of tissue and plasma let-7g-5p (r=0.56; p<0.001). The down-regulation of let-7g-5p in plasma and tissue is matched in CRC and may be served promisingly as a potential biomarker.

Gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the common causes of daily referral to hospitals worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors of acute gastrointestinal bleeding.

In this case-control study, the case group included patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding who had referred to Rasoul-e- Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran from 2013 to 2016, and the control group were selected among hospitalized patients with other diseases (such as rheumatologic disorders). Patients' information was extracted from patients’ file and endoscopy reports. The level of significance was considered less than 0.05.

In the study, 476 patients, including 238 patients in the case group and 238 patients in the control group were evaluated. In the logistic regression model, age over 65 years (OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.32-4.6; p = 0.023) and body mass index higher than 25 kg/m2 (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.55-3.91; p = 0.036) were considered as the most important risk factor for acute gastrointestinal bleeding. The history of diabetes was reported as another independent risk factor for acute gastrointestinal bleeding (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.14 to 3.3; p = 0.021).

The results showed that changing of lifestyle and controlling of modifiable risk factors such as obesity can be prevent gastrointestinal bleeding and reducing the complications.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) is present in drug-resistant enterobacteriaceae that is causing many epidemics in hospitals of developing countries; it remarkably limits therapeutic options and increases the rate of motility and morbidity. In order to choose the most appropriate treatment for urinary tract infections (UTI), it is necessary to know its risk factors. The aim of the present study is assessment of risk factors, and antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli (E. Coli) with ESBL (ESBL-EC) in the patients with UTI in west of Iran.

This case-control study was conducted on patients with UTI referred to Sanandaj Tohid Hospital in Iran during March 2015 to March 2017, who had positive E. coli culture.they were divided into two groups of case (posetive ESBL-EC) and control (negative ESBL-EC) . Demographic data and risk factors findings were compared in the two groups. Using disk diffusion method. Antibiogram test was performed. SPSS software version 21 was used to analyze the data and p ˂0.05 was considered as the significant level.

98 patients with UTI and positive E. coli cultures (49 case and 49 control) were evaluated . Risk of UTI induced ESBL-EC was increased 3.33 times in patients with urinary catheterization in the last 12 months (OR = 3.33; 95% CI: 1.33 – 8.35; p = 0.010).

Based on the findings of this study, urinary catheterization in the last 12 months increased the risk of UTI induced ESBL-EC and cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin should not be administered for treating E. coli-induced UTI in Sanandaj.

A great number of data mining methods have been widely made such as gene regulatory networks and gene set analyses to connect genes that reveal similar expression patterns. These methods generally fail to unveil gene-gene interactions in the same cluster. The aim of this study is to use several nonparametric correlation coefficient methods to transform the linear rank statistics into distance metrics on a Saccharomyces cerevisiae data set.

These nonparametric correlation coefficients, Kendall’s tau index and Gini rank correlation, were compared with common Pearson correlation method. The reliability and advantages of our proposed is satisfied using genetic website, http://www.yeast genome .org/. To address the interactions and characterize the gene–gene biological processes explicitly, the gene relationships are shown as a Pajek graph topology.

The results of biological interactions and characteristics demonstrated that the proposed nonparametric correlation coefficient methods have a strong capability to identify interaction genes. Moreover, suggested techniques could accurately detect the main genes and functional interactions in comparison to generally used Pearson correlation coefficient.

The two non-linear correlation coefficient techniques are proposed to measure the gene interactions more precisely.