فصلنامه رشد فناوری
پیاپی 16 (پاییز 1387)

Nowadays the role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) is undeniably pivotal and fundamental. Investigating on such enterprises will lead to knowledge based economy. Focus on this issue has been recently increased in our country, and the government is paying more attention to supportive organizations. With respect to the significant role of these newly-established organizations, studying the factors of their success is of great importance. In this research, and from company managers points of view, the important factors that are considered to be effective in success of the organizations have been ranked with respect to their importance. This paper is presented in two parts; the first part deals with the success factors of technology-based companies and in the second part suggestions and solutions for eliminating development obstacles are provided.

The Know-how Commercialization is one of the most complicated issues that Research institute is facing nowadays. Difficulties and special structure of each of technologies have caused problems in commercialization processes. Lack of integration between the component of commercialization process and company strategy may duplicate the difficulties. In this paper, a commercialization process framework for chemical products with emphasizing on RIPI strategy was developed in order to hold the System integrity. After all, a case study for a chemical product of RIPI, based on the framework will be delivered, and at last the results will be discussed.

In this article discussion how is to create the Cooperative network among knowledge-based companies to get best rivalry. With a pyramid model describes the Cooperative Network relation such as management, technology and economical conditions. Each company or proficiency set on one face of pyramid, and relation in network simulated with pyramids sides. This model has some profits in work distribution and covers all of the dimensions of the project. We used principles of geometric and simulation for pyramid model.

Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) have been recognized as important contributors in the economy of many countries and new opportunities are opening for them in domestic and international market. It is vital for an SME to grow in order to remain competitive in these markets. According to researchers studies, there are no single theories which can sufficiently explain the growth of an SME, but the importance and use of the internet is becoming increasingly visible among small and medium enterprises. However, in spite of the potential of the Internet, most of the firms do not view it as a key to their strategies for growth. The aim of this article is to investigate how SMEs are using the Internet in strategies they adopt for growth.

Increasing the competitive space and motivation for duration in markets is a cause to move countries and organizations that concentrate their activities on core productions and core competencies. This matter requires large investment in researches and technologic innovations. Nowadays, performing the researches in organizations is based on of guidance purpose and supporting the innovation and R&D activities in organizations must be concentrate to the best opportunities that create the new business or change the present business of organizations. Also, intensity of globalization competitive in recent lathes is ended to increasing the countries and organizations support from R&D activities. Researches complexities base on technology and innovation and also business and market is a cause for reconsideration in activities direction and its dimensions, scales and positions. In present century, R&D result has a great impact on innovation, quality improvement, the standard level of life, and increases the markets share and the other factors that are effective for competitiveness of organizations. With appearance of globalization phenomena, the methods for access to technology has been changed, and new methods have been created that make possible for countries and organizations the accessibility to research in different levels. In recent lathes, most part of R&D activities performs by use of foreign direct investment (FDI) by trans national corporations (TNCs), but these corporations performs main activities of R&D in its laboratory for containing the competitive advantage that is ended to product of knowledge and also performs more development activities and relation with market in another countries and near the consumption markets. We are trying in this paper to present the definition abut globalization, R&D and also, difference between R and D, to investigate effects of globalization process on R&D consist of: appearance of new methods for technology reception that is ended to access to development and knowledge researches. Especially, FDI method, investigate the effective factors from R&D and present the related static with many factors in another countries, mandatory of R&D and audit of innovation in organizations, introducing the many related factors with R&D such as cost, market, technology, competitive advantage,. .., and opportunities resulted from globalization process on R&D activities in under developed countries.

Technology diffusion is recognized as one of the most crucial premises and main key factors in success of development plans in developing countries. Technological innovation of a new idea or a new system is successful when accepted and diffused on behalf of the society. In this paper, definition offered by OECD for technology diffusion is tented. Technology diffusion or the widespread adoption of technology by users other than the original innovator is recognized as necessary for the ability to generate income, economic growth and enhancing return to R&D costs.

Is technology autonomous? Answering to this question constitutes one of the main topics in the philosophy of technology. In this paper, we have considered this question in two contexts of development, and we have used use and three levels of abstraction containing technology instances, the technological system, and the technological attitude. First, we discuss some of proponents of the autonomy of technologies arguments, especially Elluls ones, and then criticize some Pits arguments against Elluls cases. We think that Pits response is convincing about technology instances. In the case of technological system, his response is metaphysically sound, but sociologically, the question of the autonomy of technological system is reduced to the question of autonomy of technologists society; the question which has been not discussed here. However, we may ask ourselves what moves technologists to develop the technology? We think that this motivation is a consequence of technological attitude, the attitude in which all things in the world are seen as something for humans utility. We will show that it can not be stated that the technological attitude is autonomous, and maintain that the right interpretation is not the autonomy of technology, rather is the humans passiveness in front of the technological attitude. Thus, we can formulate concern of thinkers such as Ellul and Heidegger about the domination of technology over the human as the passiveness of human in front of the technological attitude. It can be granted that nowadays people are passive in front of this attitude toward the world, and pay less and less attention to other attitudes such as poetical, religious or even scientific ones. We have to think about strategies for dominating such a passiveness.