فصلنامه رشد فناوری
پیاپی 23 (تابستان 1389)

Establishment of elites database for receiving the expert's and elite's ideas to solve the problems of society will enhance the efficiency of public projects investments. In the paper, a theory based on elite's cognitive psychology to create optimal cooperation with the idea bank will be presented as framing. For this purpose, elite's mental models were extracted from interviews with them based on framing method. Then simulation of framing format for elites who have the ability to present ideas in an electronic idea bank was conducted by the questionnaire. The results of research show the effects of farming in idea bank. The results showed that the behavior of elites can be predictable based on framing effects. Using the results of this paper for classifying the rewards portfolio of people with the help of framing theory will reduce the cost of electronic idea bank.

The main purpose of present article is assessing the Porter''s 5 Competitive Forces in selecting e-business model in auto industry. These five forces include threatening: the new competitors، suppliers'' bargaining power، buyers'' bargaining power، Competition between all companies in an industry، product and service replacement power. These Competitive Forces were surveyed in auto industry. The survey was done in Iran Khodro and Saipa، since these two Iranian reliable auto manufacturing companies have got the highest shares of Iranian auto market. In this survey، the role of All Porter''s 5 Competitive Forces in selecting e-business model was approved. Then، as a case study in Iran Khodro Corporation، researchers measured the Competitive Forces in this company and analyzed the ability of this company against industrial environmental changes in selecting e-business model.

The best way to achieve competence in global market is through planning and upgrading core competencies. Not only will the knowledge economy change the experience of workers، but organizations and countries must also rethink their economic strategies. How well an individual، an organization، an industry، a country does in acquiring and applying knowledge will become the key competitive factor. An organization with a good sense of KM has the potential to create significant value، but only if it is linked to its overall strategy and strategic decisions. Knowledge management (KM) is the latest strategy in increasing organizational competitiveness. The concept of treating organizational knowledge as a valuable strategic asset has recently become extremely common. KM efforts have been primarily focused on developing new applications of information technology، complemented to a lesser degree with implementing new organizational forms. The link between knowledge and business strategy has basically been overlooked. Thus KM has unfortunately developed into a matter of information technology primarily، followed by one of organizational behavior with business strategy generally not even considered. The purpose of present paper is to identify the relationship between KM and the firm''s competitive advantage. In the first section the pertinent literature related to knowledge management and its impact on the competitive advantage of the firm was examined. Then the Porter''s (1979) five forces model and Wernerfelt''s (1984) Resource-based view of the firm were reviewed. In the next section the link between KM and strategy formulation by drawing on the resource-based view of the firm is addressed. In the last section the strategic reference points (SRPs) theory has been introduced and applied for classifying the KM strategies.

The literature existing in innovation evaluation can be studied in two ways: 1) innovation evaluation at company level 2) innovation evaluation at national level. Innovation evaluation at company level is useful to make decisions in allocation of resources for innovation activities، to choose the fields in which innovation is expected to produce high economical return، and also to manage innovation strategies inside the enterprises. At national level policymakers need the information acquired from innovation evaluation in studying the existing situation، future developments trend، getting feedback from positive and negative effects of the existing policies، and making appropriate policies. According to the literature related to the title of the study، we have tried to mention the similarities and differences of the studies done in innovation evaluation by contrastive analysis of them. In similarity section، innovation process and technological changes measurement are mentioned. Also in differences section the level of analysis and providing indicators for measuring all three fields of systematic process of innovation are mentioned.

In recent years، there is an increasing trend in paying attention to knowledge-based development in both developed and developing countries. Since education، research and technology are key components of this development، it is necessary to have comprehensive plans in various areas of science، research and technology. Fortunately، this movement has been considered by policymakers and planners in Iran in recent years. Based on Iran''s 20-Year Development Vision Plan (2005-2025) which is the most important plan of the country، Iran will move toward becoming a developed country that has the first position in the region in terms of economy، science and technology. To achieve this vision، four 5-year plans have been defined، the first of which is the fourth development plan (2005-2009). One chapter of Iran''s fourth development plan is dedicated to knowledge-based development which clearly points to science and technology issues. By the same token، the fifth development plan bill was sent to the parliament by the government and also part of this plan is dedicated to science and technology. But the main orientation of these programs is not accurate strategies for technology development. Science would be useful if it can be converted to wealth. Therefore، conducting applied research and technology development is very important. Throughout the full- paper we explain the importance of country''s development plans in the field of science، research and technology and discuss the status of technology in Iran''s third، fourth and fifth development plans. Finally، after analyzing the current situation، we express some key strategies to increase the effectiveness of development plans in Iran.

Independent Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) are non-profit organizations that perform Research and Development (R&D) activities aimed at improving competitiveness by encouraging firm's technological and innovative capabilities.Although these organizations are usually affected by governmental policies in different ways, but one of their goals is to create revenue from working in market and commercial space to carry out their mission by flexibility and high performance.According to the mega orientation of our country in the field of science and technology, Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) are turning into one of the important parts of our country's economy. So it is necessary to manage Research and Technology Organizations in the strategic level efficiently in order to achieve economic growth. Therefore familiarity with the characteristics of Research and Technology Organizations and their dimensions is required.In this paper, literature of Research and Technology Organizations, including the definition and their types, history, mission and philosophy, ownership models, business model etc. are reviewed. Then, the characteristics and life cycle of these organizations have been analyzed by systematic approach and also have been studied as Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS). Finally, the conclusion and suggestions have been discussed.

Today knowledge is considered as some institutional asset and management is of great importance. Knowledge-oriented development has been the framework for social، cultural and economic development plan. So it is expected that the education organizations recognize knowledge as some institutional asset and take measures to manage it. Throughout the present article، which is a part of findings of a research plan at Social Sciences، Economics، and Management faculties of Alzahara University، efforts have been made in order to investigate into the present status of the mentioned faculties. Reviewing the current status of knowledge management can pave the way for further planning particularly at Alzahra University.

This paper explains the nature of integration between knowledge management (KM) and Business Intelligence (BI). There has been some confusion as to the relationship between KM and BI. BI mainly focuses on explicit knowledge، but KM encompasses both tacit and explicit knowledge. Both of them promote learning، decision- making and understanding. KM influences BI through organizational knowledge creation، knowledge transfer and learning. Therefore، this paper defines BI as a part of KM by evaluating importance of their integration. As this relationship improves right decision-making in organizations and their performance because of the rise and fall of the economic environment، enterprises need to adjust their policies and strategies rapidly in order to respond to sophistication of competitors، customers and suppliers. Information is known as the main key for enterprises so integrating Business Intelligence and Knowledge management are used not only for saving suitable information for enterprise but also for improving performance and process of activities in organizations.