فصلنامه رشد فناوری
پیاپی 40 (پاییز 1393)

Today performance evaluation is counted as one of the important and major process in organizations. Companies allocate some resources annually for this work. Performance evaluation in strategic planning process plays a key role, first: for environmental analysis and second: as feedback at the end of plan for correction. In this paper we decide to rank some knowledge based companies in one of the incubators based on EFQM indicators. This will be done by multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods. The purposed method can deal with uncertainty well. Besides, using Game theory will make this model more flexible. Based on this, we try to control the environmental uncertainty with use of Grey time series and cooperative games and based on Frequentist school approach. Therefore we gathered expert's opinion at six time periods based on three parameter interval Grey numbers and we obtained the parameters of decision table within weighting to every time period by cooperative games. The used criteria are the criteria which are introduced in EFQM model. Then we rank companies with implementation of combination of Bulls-eye weighting method and Grey-numerical taxonomy method. In this ranking, companies, No. 1, 3 and 2 gained first, second and third rank by order which their Fi were 0.389, 0.463 and 0.523 by order. Also results of social and processes are known as the vital criteria by weights 0.161 and 0.153 orderly.

In the past, the development and commercialization of an innovation process used to depend on intra-organizational think-tank and efforts. Today, however, Open Innovation paradigm calls companies to also tap into outside ideas and technologies and yet mutually allow other companies to exploit their innovative ideas. Open Innovation is a hot topic which has outstandingly drawn researcher's and manager's attention from various perspectives in the past few years. Therefore, reviewing on a case study basis, the topic's entire literature that comprises 70 papers, the current research paper aims to cover its concepts, approaches, major trends, and key success factors. To point to a few findings of the research, the paper dramatizes new and emerging perspectives and trends in the realm of Open Innovation, successes like external networking, innovation brokers, technology intelligence, absorption capacity, open business model, and human factors such as culture and motivation. The paper concludes that managers of companies and organizations should exploit Open Innovation as a solution to confront fast changing technological trends, short technology life cycles, high internal R&D costs, and sever global competition.

Organizational ambidexterity as a new managerial construct has been proposed in recent years. This concept is entering into the field of technology, innovation, entrepreneurship, organizational behavior, organizational design and strategy. Ambidexterity is viewed as a tool to gain sustainable competitive advantage, business performance and firm survival. It can be achieved through organizations’ endeavor to exploit and explore available opportunities. Many companies have comprised the view that to function effectively in today’s economy, it is indispensable to become a knowledge-based organization. The Knowledge Based Organizations created in order to synergistically exploit science and wealth, develop knowledge based economy and strongly depend on innovation as a source of the competitive advantage. In this article, by systematically reviewing related literature, we have tried to illuminate the notion of ambidexterity. Structures and forms of organization ambidexterity in knowledge based organizations were revised and its role to improve the performance of knowledge based organizations has been clarified. Paper suggested that knowledge based organization through ambidexterity in management, structure and process could guarantee its survival in today’s dynamic environment. In the paper, organizational ambidexterity definition in explained. Furthermore, the necessary that knowledge based organization must pass on toward ambidexterity in explained. The sequential ambidexterity, structural ambidexterity and contextual ambidexterity as foremost typologies for ambidexterity is discussed.

In the concept of innovation systems, the interrelationship between actors is important. One of the most important tools that will shape this interrelationship between different actors in the system is regulations and laws related to science, technology and innovation (STI). In the literature, especially according to some economists such as Schumpeter, it is proven that laws and regulations could have the positive and negative impact on the development of technology and innovation. The literature review has shown that there are three views to achieve a comprehensive legislation in the field of STI. The classification categories are OECD’s rules, technological and non-technological laws and the prevention of failures rules. In addition, in this research, science and technology rules and laws as "lows on science and technology" in other countries are also examined. As a result, the proposed framework is introduced to show the different dimensions considered to achieve comprehensive science, technology and innovation law. Finally, according to this research, there are some proposed factors such as institutional modifications and innovations, determination of important science and technology branches, comprehensive view about these regulating and concept of STI, and attention to dynamics of laws and rules, that decision makers should consider to achieving comprehensive regulations.

In turbulent business environment, organizations are struggling to make themselves agility and for this purpose, it is necessary for them to reengineer the business process. Selecting an appropriate process for reengineering can improve organization in low cost and high speed. This means that organization should select reengineering processes with the greatest potential for change and also generate the best result for the organizations agility. Due to the high failure rate in business processes reengineering, risk assessment is important for these processes. This paper aims to assess the potential risk in the success of business processes reengineering. This study is an applied research in terms of results and in terms of variables; it includes qualitative variables and takes place in the field of descriptive researches and performs via survey method. Cronbach's alpha method is used for the reliability and content for validity. To verify the hypothesis of research, correlation and regression methods are used. A case study performed small and medium enterprises of an Incubator in Ferdowsi University. The innovative aspect of research is to create a new perspective to examine the effect of risk and failure rates in business processes reengineering. According to the results of this research, among the potential risk dimensions, management support and workplace have the greatest impact on success rate of business processes reengineering.

Knowledge Translation (KT) is the meeting ground between two fundamentally different processes: research and action. It knits them with communicative relationships. Knowledge translation is a dynamic and interactive process that includes synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound application of knowledge to provide more effective services and products and strengthen system. This is done through a complex system of researchers and knowledge users. Knowledge translation is catalyst for knowledge cycle in knowledge to action process. Utilization of observation and decision-making appropriate with field conditions that is proposed with knowledge translation is very useful in industrial researches. This research proposes a model for knowledge translation from research to industry (case study: A Defense Industry Research Center). By extending the concept of knowledge translation several models and structures are proposed that each one has a strategy to overcome the gap between what we know and what actually happens in practice. In this research we studied some of them and try to find an appropriate model. The proposed model has seven processes: research needs assessment, input to research, research processes, primary outputs from research, making a sample for taking customers endorsement, using product and final outcome. For data collection, interviews and questionnaires were used. The population is consisting of experts, managers and Defensive Research Centers researchers who are familiar with knowledge translation issues.

The Next Generation Aviation Research and Technology Park (NexGen ARTP) is established to meet the present and future aviation needs of USA and develop this industry. The Park, established in 2008, is in an agreement and lease with the South Jersey Economic Development District covering 58 acres of FAA property located at the William J. Hughes Technical Center. Thus, this paper aims to introduce NexGen ARTP and investigate the park and its policies. Also, we are offering positive leverages to top managers and policy makers of aviation technology park in Iran. In this paper, after the park introduction, we are drawing rich picture of Nexgen ARTP in order to analyse it. The Finding of Analysis includes the impacts of Federal Aviation Administration, William J. Hughes Technical Center and members; incubator and start up SMEs; park development on the New Jersey economic district development, nation, and aviation industry; universities and research centers on park. Eventually, we are extracting effective leverages and important points that include park location and external environment, collaboration, government supports, funding and precise studies and planning.

In recent years, many companies have integrated the activities of customer relationship management with knowledge management together as one concept. In fact, the knowledge management is major parameter in customer relationship management. The potential of bilateral relationship between these two fields and also the critical function of knowledge management in success of customer relationship management, has attracted the attention of researchers to this matter recently. The term of “customer knowledge management” is the combination of knowledge management and customer relationship management. The customer knowledge management requires applying different approaches through considering wide variety of key variables in these fields. The considered key variables for each customer knowledge management model are different according to its model. Generally, many models have been presented for customer knowledge management, including conceptual, process and system model. In this paper, we intend to develop process model which achieved from combination of business engineering model, six business processes based on customer relationship management systems, and four aspects of knowledge management in principle business activities, namely marketing, sales and services.