نشریه مراقبت امروز
پیاپی 18-19 (بهار و تابستان 1389)

According to previous researches, some factors affect academic achievement such as cognitive styles and personality traits. The present study investigated the relationship between these factors with academic achievement among the students. This is an observational study with correlational design which carried out on 175 students (105 female, 70 male) at the college of Health and the college of Nursing in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Participants completed the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT), and reported their college grade point average (GPA). Stepwise regression was applied to study the relationship and to predict quantity of aforementioned variables, meanwhile for comparing males and females in research variables; Multivariate analysis of variance and T-tests were used. A correlation analysis revealed an interesting pattern of significant relationships between cognitive styles and personality traits with academic achievement (P<0.001). Stepwise regression analyses indicated that cognitive styles and personality traits explained 50% of the variance in academic achievement. The most powerful predictor in academic achievement was conscientiousness that can predict 39% variance of academic achievement. Cognitive styles also explained 1.2% of the variance in academic achievement. The result of this research showed that there is no significant deference between research variables in genders. There were no significant differences between two sexes in cognitive styles. Our sample of boys and girls in the view of knowledge, methods and learning styles were not significantly different. And we can conclude that parenting style, personality, intelligence and cognitive abilities, and cognitive styles are all Effective factors on cognitive styles and so, gender cannot solely be explained as an important factor.

Nurses may confront problems and difficulties in their job that can affect their mental health. Job control is one of the factors that influences a person’s health. The aim of this survey was to study the relationship between job control and stress. The Statistical community of this research was all of nurses who were working in Khorramabad hospitals. 100 cases were selected‚ The data were collected by using a questionnaire which included three sections of demographic, the Wall questionnaire of job control by 10 questions and the Eliot questionnaire of stress by 20 questions. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlational coefficient. Findings showed that Job control has a meaningful, but negative relationship with stress (P=0.00, r=-0.39). Considering the negative relationship between Job control and stress‚ it is recommended that the authorities take actions to help nurses gain more control over their Job, especially the difficult situations they go through.

The aim evaluation in educational system is to compare the current situation with the desirable situation to reveal the defects, and to make proper decisions about them. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of continuous evaluation (Quiz method) for nursing and Midwifery students in the course of medical parasitology in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. This quasi experimental study was carried out in four classes of nursing students (121 persons) and two classes of midwifery students (52 persons). Two classes of nursing students (61 persons) and one class of midwifery students (25 persons) were assessed by continuous evaluation and two classes of nursing students (60 persons) and one class of midwifery students (27 persons) did not go under continuous evaluation. In the last class session, a valid and reliable questionnaire was given to the students to survey their views about continuous evaluation (Quiz method). In order to analyze the data‚ Chi-square, t. test and Mann-Whitney were used. Continuous evaluation increased student participation, improved lesson learning, facilitate subject tracking, improve self-assessment and decrease stress (P<0.05).In regards the recommending this procedure for the next class and motivation increase the wards the lesson, there was no significant difference between intervention and non-intervention groups (P>0.05). The final score in the intervention group was significantly higher (P<0.001). Continuous evaluation was significantly effective on the final score, satisfaction about better learning, reduction of stress, and self-assessment. According to the results, this type of evaluation has many strength, it can be useful for learning and it improves teacher instructional methods.

Awareness of nurses’ opinions, as key members of the health care team, can have a significant role in identifying executive barriers, promotion planning and patient education process. The aim of this study was to identify the implementation barriers in patient training from the view point of nurses and nurse managers in the hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz University of medical science. This cross sectional study was carried out on 100 nurses and nurse managers, by convenience sampling method in the hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz medical university in 2012. Data were collected by a questionnaire which included 26 questions in two parts personal specifications and barriers to the patient training through self – reported method. Then the data were analyzed with descriptive statistic an Chi square, Fisher, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and T- test. The most important barriers to the patient training program are as follows; lack of proportionality between the number of patients and number of nurses (92%), time pressure and excessive workload (89%), lack of attention and adequate support from the managers (75%), lack of coordination by other members of the healthcare team with nurses (62%), and the lack of written laws in patient education (58%). There was no difference between the views of nurses and nurse managers (P>0.05). To enhance and improve patient educational programs, it is essential to minimize the barriers that are more prevalent. The Coordination between responces of administrators and nurses suggests that nurse managers are aware of the issues regarding their personnals working environment in relation to the patient's education.

Organizational justice is the fair treatment of employees by their organizations, or the mutual feeling of employees and includes areas of distributive justice, procedural and interactive organizational behavior by an individual or organization who wants to help their partners. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship of staff in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. this is a cross-sectional correlation al study on 210 staff in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. Person of who selected by census method. Data were obtained by questionnaire demographic characteristics organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior frequency, percentage, Pearson correlation was used to data analysis. The results showed that the correlation of overall organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior with r=0.353 of the p=0.001 was a significant correlation with the fifth overall organizational justice field conscientiousness, civic virtue, altruism, generosity and respect 0.18 to 0.34 is the amplitude changes are all positive and significant. Application of organizational justice and its proper utilization by the authorities are necessary factors to increase the desirability of organizational citizenship behavior.

Continuing education program is one of the most common ways to keep the medical staff‚ especially nurses‚ up to date. The assessment of how continuing education programs are conducting is necessary to optimize programs and to increase optimize and educational quality. The aim of this study was to identify the performance of continuing educational programs from the view point of the nurses who worked in all of lorestan’s hospitals. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on all the nurses (n=750) who worked in all the hospitals in lorestan. The data was gathered by a self-administered questionnaire which included demographic and the continued educational needs of nurses. The analysis and comparisons were made by using chi square test. The findings showed that the samples with the average age of 33, had an average working experience of 8.63 years, 42.6 %” of the samples said that continued educational programs are very necessary. The majority (48.8%) found education by CD most suitable, 53.1% time interval monthly only morning (61.5%) with forewarn for performance of continued education program. Continuing education plays an important role in nursing, but improving the quality of continuous educational programs is highly necessary. Therefore planning continued medical education programs based on general nurses’ needs and situations may lead to enhancing their motivations and promoting these programs.

Foreign bodies within the airway and esophagus are life threatening emergencies that by early diagnosis and treatment can be prevented from causing death. There are differences in Esophageal and airway foreign bodies in term of the patients age, gender and socio-cultural background. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution in terms patients of foreign body of age and sex, also type and location of the foreign bodies. In this retrospective study, and by using hospital information 546 medical records of patients who had been admitted the Ghom kamkar hospital because of airway and esophageal foreign body during the years 1997-2005 were studied. The information was assessed by a checklist which consisted of age, sex, type and location of foreign bodies. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Foreign body aspiration in boys was 1.7 times more common than girls. The most common age group was 1-2 years of age for airway aspiration foreign bodies and over 10 years for gastrointestinal tract. The most common location of foreign bodies was the right bronchus (%44.2), the foreign body was vegetative matters in %82.5 cases and in the gastrointestinal tract it was bone piece in 52.3% cases. Air way foreign body aspiration is more common during childhood and in some cases can be presented with non specific presentation. Therefore any patient with history of foreign body should be referred to hospital with advance care. It is also crucial to educated parents about child care.