نشریه مراقبت امروز
پیاپی 20-21 (پاییر و زمستان 1389)

Many studies have reported the cognitive and perceptual impairment in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The aim of the present study was to assess cognitive functions in BPD patients in comparison to healthy subjects. In this study 56 subjects)28 subjects in BPD group and 28 subjects in control group(were selected by available sampling.Data collection tools included; multi-core milon3 computer (MCMI-III), continuous performance test (CPT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Computer Test (WSCT) and computerized Stroop test. The results show a significant difference between cognitive functions (selective attention, focused attention and cognitive flexibility) in BPD patients and healthy subjects (p<0.001). Although there was a significant difference between the two groups, there was little difference in cognitive flexibility (p<0.001). findings show that the cognitive functions in patients with borderline personality disorder, compared to healthy subjects, is impaired. This result can be explained based on studies that suggest frontal lobe dysfunction is a personality disorder.

Penetrating trauma is the name given to any kind of the wound or damage that results from a sharp puncher which can caused by a knife, glass, blades, or any sharp object. In Iran trauma is the second main cause of death among the youth. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalent cause of penetrating trauma in patients who were admitted to the emergency room of Khorramabad Shohadaye Ashayer hospital. This cross-sectional study was alone based on the hospital’s collected data between the years 2009-2010. All patients with penetrative trauma admitted to the emergency room of Shohadaye Ashayer hospital in Khorramabad. Variables such as age, sex, mechanism of injury, site of the accident, and the injured area of the body were obtained from patient records by using a data gathering form. The collected data were analyzed using chi-square test. The most frequent cause of trauma was conflict and fighting (85.9%) and the rarest cause were home accidents (3.8%). Most of the injuries occurred with a knife (72.3%) and the lowest by firearms (1.1%).The most of the traumas were in the chest, extremities and face/head areas respectively with 33.7%, 25.5%, and 21.7%. the number of injuries caused by fighting had a meaningful relationship to the age group of 20-26 years of age (P<0.001). Considering that the most incidents of stabbing was among the youth age 20 to 26 years, it is necessary Carrey out measures to raise awareness among the youth, to create healthy environment, to increase and provide employment and education among the youth, and to carry out laws that prevent people from obtaining and carrying weapons and stabs.

Medication errors are among the factors that threaten the safety of patients, and increase the mortality rate and hospital costs. This study was aimed to investigate the factors affecting the incidence of medical errors from the perspective of nurses in Khorramabad Shohada Ashayer hospital. In this cross-sectional study, 65 nurses in various wards of the hospital were included by non-probability convenience sampling. By using a self made questionnaire the nurses views on the factors affecting medication errors were evaluated. Validity of the questionnaire was measured by expert opinions and in order to assess it’s reliability; split half method was used. The areas that were covered by the questionnaire include management processes errors, the working conditions of nurses and doctors, nursing errors, factors associated with patients, medication errors related to the characteristics of drugs, and physical environment condition of departments. In the questionnaire each factor as categorized ''very important'', ''medium importance'', ''low importance'', and ''of no importance'', these were rated from 1-4. Data were described using means and percentages of frequency. The average age was 35.2 years. 48.2% of the subject stated that during their professional nursing careeas they had comitted medication error. The average frequency of medication error was 3.4 ± 1.8 annually. From the view point of nurses, management processes were the most frequent causes of medication errors. Most of the participants rated these factors as the most common causes of medication error: shortage of nurses to patients(73.8%), fatigue caused by overwork(72.8%), presence of the patients family (70.8%), lack of motivation because of discrimination (61.5%), economic problems(58.8%), illegible hand writing of practitioners(50.8%) and the working shift(49.2%).Were rated most as the important factors in medication errors. Improved management processes and effective management practice in hospitals by proper planning to ensure adequate staffing; increasing nurses knowledge, medical skills, and motivation; and adjusting a nurses working conditions can play a significant role in preventing medication errors.

Being a physiological and natural phenomenon, pregnancy expose, women to physical and mental changes which may affect their health and their fetus. The present study tried to show the relationship between the mental health's of the pregnant women as compared with delivery outcomes. The statistical method used was comparative descriptive using 104 pregnant women and their newborns. The samples were chosen randomly from the women referred to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan city. The researcher used a questionnaire the first part of which contained demographic and relevant questions to General Health Questionnaire 28 or GHQ 28 which showed the mental health status as for anxiety, depression, social and physical performance. The obtained data were analyzed using T, x2 descriptive. The results showed that the newborn growth indices (height, weight, and head round) among the unhealthy women were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the newborn of healthy women. The duration of the first phase of delivery was also significantly lower than healthy women (p<0.05).The healthy women delivered significantly move naturally (p<0.05) than unhealthy women. However no meaningful difference was seen in upgar of the newborns (p>0.05). As the mental health status of unhealthy women during the pregnancy had significant effects (such as: precocious delivery, the reduction in newborn growth indices, Cesarean) on the mother and the newborn, the prompt attention to mental and physical care after delivery seems to be of great importance. Therefore, the recognition of appropriate people and the necessary measures to provide the mental health of the mothers would be of great help to take positive steps in social, economic, medical and hygienic steps in that regard.

Given the importance of research on marital satisfaction in families and the community, this study has evaluated the relationship between, sexual satisfaction, and sexual Schemas with marital satisfaction of female students in city of Tehran. This Study has been Non-experimental and the correlative. The study samples were married women students in the universities of Tehran city. Samples were selected randomly and 100 cases were selected from a Statistical Population. To collect data the researcher questionnaires of sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and scale of sexual Schemas of women. For data analysis descriptive statistics methods, and research hypotheses from inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and multiple regression) were used. The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between the sexual Schemas, sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction (level p>0.05). Variables of sexual Schema and sexual satisfaction can be explained in total % 23 of the variance in marital satisfaction. %23 of the marital satisfaction is due to these variables. Sexual satisfaction variables and passionate and romantic schemas with the 0.438 and 0.332 have the greatest impact. In other words, for every one unit increase in sexual satisfaction 0.438 unit, and for one unit increase of passionate Schema 0.332 unit enhanced marital satisfaction. Given that the relationships between the variables was meaningful it is proposed that universities hold academic courses (workshops) to create (increase) marital and sexual satisfaction among students.

The main function of universities is their educational activities that leads to a deeper learning or chang of behavior in learners. Group discussion is a teaching method that results in deeper and more effective learning. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of group discussion on medical students in studying practical parasitology in lorestan university of medical sciences, in order to find a more appropriate model. This semi empirical study was conducted on numerous and various forms of malaria parasites in medical parasitology practical course for the fifth-semester medical students (n=35) as an indicator of academic-experimental excellence in the academic year of 2011-2012. The students were divided into two- and three-member groups, and the study was performed in three phases including two practical phases (understanding and long-term learning), and one phase of feedback through a questionnaire. The results were presented using descriptive statistics including tables, frequency distributions, and percentages. In the first phase, 88% of the students answered the questions by giving scientific reasons. In the second phase, conducted after three weeks, 90% of the students identified the slides correctly. Moreover, 40%were dissatisfied with the management of the laboratory. However, 94% and 91.5% believed in the precedence of the method and fairness of scoring. The results of the first and second phases showed understanding and long-term learning. The students’ feedbacks through the questionnaires and their enthusiastic activities are indicative of the students’ potential for positive changes. As its advantages have been reported in other teamwork studies, student-centered teaching methods can be presented as the superior teaching method if the problems related to time and teachers’ resistance are solved.

Giving medication is one of the most important nursing activities that requires preparation, a strong scientific background, skill in decision making and careful attention to the rules. The most important principle in training nurses is using the proper teaching techniques which should be based on the objective in mind. This study was carried out to determine the effect of education on drug information for working nurses. This research Study was Semi-empirical and, 35 nurses working in the emergency department of Afzalipour hospital in Kerman participated. The intervention included an education program about drug information. Data gathering was done via a researcher made instrument which included two parts of demographic information and drug information. It’s content validity was 0.85 and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α =0.68) and completed in pre test and post test in manner of self performance. Data was analyzed by paired t-test. The results showed a meaningful difference between befor and after the nurses had been taught drug information (P<0.001). The results of this research indicated the need for reminding and refreshing the nurses information about medication and accordingly the results approved the educational effects on raising nurses drug information.