نشریه زن در توسعه و سیاست
سال دهم شماره 1 (بهار 1391)

Sociologists including structuralists and trans-structuralists emphatically believe in interpreting sports rules ideologically and also believe that a number of factors such as power of personality، organization and economic situation are involved. This research studies the relationship between personality power، economic، social and organizational resources with ideologically interpreting the sports rules of women. Through survey method the data collected from 30 federations which had women’s sports. The statistical population included all managers of the federations at different levels and the athletes، totally 650 people. Out of 6 hypotheses based on research theories، the ones which were orderly connected organizationally، economically، socially and gender specifically to interpreting sports rules ideologically were approved. The 3 other hypothesis did not get the approval.

One of recent developments in modern societies is the evolution in the structure of power division in the family and changes in reciprocal actions between wife and husband. This research aims to study the factors affecting distribution of power in the family by using the theories of: social capital، valuable resources، and sociability of gender. The data has been collected through survey method and questionnaire among 400 married women of Jiroft by multi-stage cluster sampling. The results show that the variables: social capital، income، awareness of the respondent of women’s rights respectively describe 43. 1 percent of changes related to the variable of power division in families.

Food safety is among the important and remarkable subjects which is considered fundamental and a basic need of individuals and society so that lack of food or nutritional disorders has serious consequences and worrying reflections. This paper aims to measure nutritional disorders among female citizens of Tabriz and Intends to identify social and cultural factors affecting it. Survey method was applied and measuring instrument was localized Standard questionnaire. The study sample included 400 women and girls aged 15-49 in the year 1389 in Tabriz who were selected by stratified random sampling based on Census 1385 and the among 432 127 individuals. The results indicate the independent variables (influence of family، peers، media، religion and the impact of social comparisons)، social comparison variable has the highest influence on respondents'' level of nutritional disorders and mentioned variables explain 34% of the variable changes dependant variable (eating disorder).

Urbanization with all its semblances، complexities، and problems has been able to have profound effects on the behavior and action of citizens. This study intends to examine the issue of urbanization trends growth sociologically through survey method among women. It seems that in terms of acceptance، internalization، and representing parts of cultural situation، values and urbanization norms، women have peculiar conditions which need to be studied. This article is an attempt at analyzing the research findings، patterns and basic indicators of urban women in connection with Urbanization. The level of the research is micro and the unit of analysis is individual. Sample size was 400 individuals of 20-50 year old women living in three districts of Tehran، selected randomly by cluster sampling. Findings revealed a significant relationship among Urbanization and self-estrangement، rationalization of individual action، declination of social cohesion and escalation of individualism and loss of bond between women.

In recent years despite the rise in the number of women who have graduated from universities women’s participation in the labor market has not been increased proportionally. The present study tries to examine the employment status of women graduates of higher education as well as of social and demographic factors affecting it. In this study، secondary analysis of data from 2% sample of Census 1385 is used. The statistical population was female higher education graduates of over 20 residing in Tehran. The findings show that women have mostly graduated in social sciences، business and law. Over 90 percent of employed women are salaried by public or private section and less than 8 percent of them own managerial positions. They are mostly active in educational، health care، and assistance areas. The results of double variable analysis show that except recent immigration variable there is significant relationship among independent variables (age، education، marital status، having children، number of children، field of study، and permanent migration) and the rate of employed women who are higher education graduates. The results of multi-variable studies show that female university graduates of 35 to 49 have more opportunity to hold a job. Also women who have not migrated to Tehran in the last 10 years (1375-1385) have had more luck to have a job. In therms of fields of study، humanities females graduated in educational fields compared to humanities and arts have a greater rate of employment.

Empowering rural women is one of the third millennium goals. To this end it was proposed to allot micro credits to rural women in order to provide the required capital to launch productive careers. Now after a decade from the establishment of micro credit funds in Iran، only few researches have been done to give a rank to them. The present research is conducted through survey method to rank micro credit funds based on empowering rural women of Kermanshah using Bartlett table and systematic random sampling for which 183 women members of this fund were selected. The ranking results show that from economic aspect: Fash (Kangavar)، Tamarg، Pariveh (Mersin) have achieved the places first to third، in terms of empowering women goals. From social aspect: Fash، Pariveh and Gheitas Abad were placed first to third. From family aspect: members of Fash Fund، Pariveh، and Kooseh vand were ranked first to third. According to the results، since the authorities of the funds can play a key role in the success of funds it is recommended to the Office for Rural Women’s Affairs that the authorities of funds are selected based on the votes of the members and criteria like: education، age، etc.

This study has investigated the effects of ICT to increase efficiency and empowerment of rural women using data envelopment analysis (DEA) to investigate the mechanism of effectiveness of information technology (ICT) on the efficiency and empowerment of rural women in the village of Gharn Abad، Golestan province. In this study، using survey methods، 38 users and 25 non-users of technology (control group) were selected by stratified random sampling. Female users of technology were classified into seven levels، with level 1 the least and level 7 the most users. Based on the results، the performance of rural women in basic levels of IT users is better than their performance in higher levels. The study also confirmed the theory of digital gap، and the positive effects of information technologies and communication on empowering women in the economic، social، political، and psychological، dimensions and shows an increase in rural women''s performance.