نشریه زن در توسعه و سیاست
سال دهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1391)

The increasing trend of divorce during recent decade and consequently a rise in the number of men and women who have experienced divorce, clarifies the importance of paying attention to post-divorce life. However the study of how divorced subjects deal with life after divorce and also their perception, especially with a gender approach has been a neglected area in the Iranian sociology. Therefore the present research attempts to adopt a quantitative methodology and to apply in depth semi structured interviews with 36 divorced men and women in Tehran to discover the perception of subjects of different aspects of life after divorce and gender differences, in the way people deal with the situation.The results show that with divorce several changes develop in various aspects of life of actors. Therefore actors should take new interaction policies in the areas of emotional, sexual, economic, psychological, relational, social, parenting, and home management in their lives. Also, gender culture, gender inequality in access to a variety of investments, legal distinctions, differences in habits, gender roles, distinctive sense of community of men and women, lead in various interactions and deal differently with divorce when it happens. The results indicate that, women compared to men experience different aftermaths of divorce and, by and large, they face with doubled challenges.

Attachment of children to their parents and their separation are two important growth processes which are summoned up in teens again and become more important. The present research tends to find out either the processes of attachment and separation among girls and boys take place in different ways or gender can affect the relationship between these two processes. To this end 300 students of the University of Isfahan were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 150 who answered the questionnaire of teen separation and attachment to their parents and peers. The results of independent “t” analysis show that two groups of boys and girls are different interms of their attachment to their parents and their separation. Also a significant relationship between attachment of children to the parents and their separation in both groups was confirmed. The results of the analysis of subgroup (Z Ficsher) didn’t certify the regulating role of gender between attachment and separation. The above results made it clear that the process of separation for boys and girls is different. It was also revealed that girls are lessconfident of their parents support and availability. This may lead in formation of unsafe attachment styles and then block the successful process of separation and individualization among girls.

One of the public places in any given city is a place to have some fun. The most important feature of Islamic cities is the emphasis on gender segregation in public places and special required conditions for men and women to attend public places. Tehran as the most important metropolis in Iran and the capital of an Islamic country, has been witnessing a lot of changes in its leisure places looks. Through historical method and descriptive-analytical method this research studies women’s leisure places from Qajar Era until now and the role of Islamic culture and historical-political features of Tehran as well as changes made in women’s attendance in those places. The results indicate that gender based leisure places in Tehran from Qajar Era until now can be divided into three categories: feminine, masculine, and feminine-masculine leisure places. Women’s presence in each of these places has been different from the other. Accordingly, Women’s presence in leisure places for both genders has risen compared to the past. Gender oriented leisure places have been reproduced too, namely women’s park, water parks, women’s concert halls, men’s stadiums.

Course books do not only educate students but also prepare them to take responsibilities proportional to their gender as planned by the author. This research is trying to examine the way that gender is represented in Farsi books of middle school and the first three grades of high school in non-human science fields in the academic year 2009-10. Research method was through analyzing the quantity content for indicators like images, names, authors of books, course book writers, and characters presented in set texts. Content quality analysis was used to analyze the quality of representations of images and content of set texts. On the basis of Altosser and Bourdieu theories, this research tries to find out the way the gender is represented in books. The results show that more attention has been paid to men in terms of quantity and women- according to the criteria- have no significant presence. In terms of quality women in their few cases of presence are represented as weak, emotional, needy, and obedient to men creatures. On the opposite side in many cases men are represented as sociable, powerful, knowledgeable andwise, administrator, brave and fighter. According to this research gender clichés which are common in the society are reflected in these books.

This study examines the factors influencing women’s quest of divorce in Tehran. The research framework is based on the theory of order (within the family), social capital theory, and matching partnership. Research method was survey and the instrument of the study was questionnaires. 239 seeking divorce women and the same number of non-seeking divorce women were given the questionnaires. They were selected from different parts ofTehran, north, south, west and east. The findings reveal that in terms of social order, couple’s funds, matching partnership, there is a significant difference between the two groups which could be among the factors women in Tehran tend to divorce. Logistic regression results show that the probability for the divorce not to happen for those couples who enjoy within family order,partnership capital and negative point of view towards divorce and matching partnership, is 59 per cent. On the other hand it is 41 percent possible for the couples to have the above mentioned conditions and still divorce.

This study tries to examine the factors affecting nutrition disorders among postgraduate students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The data was analyzed through survey method and optimal stratified sampling, and multiple and logistic regression with the sample size of 260 girl students of postgraduate levels. The results show that eating disorders mean is 2.22 out of 5 which is less than average. Also 28% of the sample population suffers from nutrition disorders. Body image, pressure of norms by men, pressure of normsby the worldwide media (satellite TV, internet), social acceptance of the body, and appearance management have positive and significant relations and correlations with nutrition disorders. Finally the two variables of social acceptance and body image as factors affecting nutrition disorders formed 53% of dependant variables in regression model. All in all the findings indicatethat social variables are important factors for eating disorders.

Feeling secure is a prerequisite of any social, economic, cultural and political development and it is directly related to the level of development of the society. Being aware of the situation of security feelings of society members plays a key role in recognizing the challenges and development strategies of society and can strengthen the infrastructures of the society. The present study aims to evaluate the rate of security feeling among men and women of Yazd by comparison. Survey method was used as the research approach through the questionnaire instrument and proportional cluster sampling, sized 246 people residing in Yazd. Feeling socially secure was evaluated separately among men and women in 12 different aspects: life, financial, Economic, job, moral, cultural, emotional, feeing, intellectual, legal, judicial, and honor security. The findings reveal that life security feeling among women is significantly less than men’s in Yazd, while economic security feelingis more among men compared to women. In other aspects feeling socially secure is not very different between men and women.