نشریه زن در توسعه و سیاست
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (بهار 1395)

Attitudes toward motherhood among societies change over time and fertility rates have fallen over.mothering and motherhood are the subjects of a rapidly expanding body of literature. Set of this studies have a more macro focus in terms origions of motherhood and how it manifests in practice .in the current research in the base of parson's general theory of action (A.G.I.L), motherhood is conceptualized as kind of action system. By virtue of this theory , motherhood have four main dimensions : biological , psychological , social and cultural . . Accordingly this study examined influence of women's religiousness on them motherhood attitudes .the sampling method was random graded and 384 woman were selected of city of Tehran .results indicate that religious women have more traditional or positive attitudes toward motherhood.

The purpose of this paper is to study pregnant women’s attendance in cyber space as a muted group. This is a qualitative research which has been done using grounded theory method and interview technique. We interviewed a number of pregnant women who had visited some websites related to pregnancy issues, during fall and winter of 1394. The interviewees were 16 pregnant women and we met them in a hospital located in Saadatabad in Tehran. Our results show that women can overcome gender-based limitations using special websites concerning pregnancy issues, and remark their issues and problems related to pregnancy freely and clearly. Moreover they have been able to play a more active and participative role in getting medical care during pregnancy in general and in their relation with physicians in particular.

One of the target groups is women in poverty eradication programs, especially divorced women and widows in order to the social, economic and cultural community that are more involved with the issue of poverty. Such a study aims to measure the effective factors on poverty alleviation and empowerment of divorced women and widows in Selseleh city (as one of disadvantaged city).To do so, divorced women and widoweds from aleshtar city were chosen as the statistical society of the research. The sample size of 120 participation were selected by clustering method randomly. Questionaire tool was used to collect data. To analyze deta spearman cofficient, Kendalls Tau-b,and step – regression statics were used.Also , among software was used in srtuctural equations modeling frame.. the research results showed that the extent of low-interest loans, self- employment plans, public training are significant in widoweds and divorced woman`s povrty alleviation.Also the role of relief Commite`s non-monetary helps in women`s poverty alleviation vas not verified . findings means that the emphasis on low-interest loans and women`s participation in self- employment, training and public education programs has a positive effect on this organization`s performance to alleviate women`s poverty.

Today gender segregation in the workplace is increasingly sensitive. Thus analysis of the reasons behind such phenomenon is of fundamental importance. The aim of this study is to investigate the Occupational Gender Segregation among of Ahwaz Public Libraries Foundation employees with emphasis on the role of work values . The method of this research is survey and data were collected by questionnaire at 1393. Population consist of 72 employees of Ahwaz Public Libraries Foundation. This research has conducted by consensus method. Results showed a significant difference of four dimensions of work values, namely, work/life-balance values, social work values, Intrinsic work values and Extrinsic work values between men and women. In other words, women have higher work/life-balance values and social work values whereas men have higher Intrinsic work values and Extrinsic work values.

Due to the increasing number of users’ Telegram social network in Iran especially among the young and educated people, it seems that the study of use of such networks is important particularly in educational activities. Given the importance of the issue, the purpose of this descriptive- correlative research was to study the factors affecting students’ intention to use of Telegram social network in educational activities with focusing on moderating effect of gender. The statistical population of the research consisted of all M.Sc. students of agricultural majors at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (N= 767). According to the Bartlett et al. Table, a sample size of 196 students was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A standard questionnaire (after adjusting the questions with the field of research) was employed to collect data. The results showed that two variables of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness had a positive and significant effect on attitude toward using of Telegram in educational activities, whereas, there was not a significant relationship between perceived usefulness and the attitude. Also, the attitude had a positive and significant effect on agricultural students’ intention to use of Telegram in educational activities. The results of multi-group analysis indicated that gender had a moderating effect on the relationship between perceived ease of use and attitude toward using of Telegram in educational activities, so that the relationship was non-significant for female students, whereas it was positive and significant for male students.

The present study is based on the assumption that the more the women enjoy the cultural capital, the higher their position in the power structure of the family and the more their bargaining power. For evaluating the aforementioned theory, the required data were attained through survey methodology and questionnaire tool and by selecting a sample of 385 married women resided in Shiraz. The sampling method was multistage random and random and for analyzing the data and testing the theories, the statistical methods of correlation coefficient, multivariable regression, and path analysis were used. The findings show a meaningful relationship between the types of cultural capital (institutionalized, embodied, and objectified) and the women's power in family; which means that by increasing the types of cultural capital in women, their power would increase too. Amongst the whole underlying variables, men's education, women's employment and family dimension suggest a meaningful relationship with the women's power. The results of regressive coefficients show that three variables of employment, family members, and cultural capital play a role according to their importance in determining the dependent variable and in general, they describe 40 % of the dependent variable of the variance (R2= 0.40).

Today, self-objectification is define by evaluating the others based on physical appearance, beauty and sexual attractiveness, It’s a major source of women suffering especially female students and reduce resilience and self-compassion and mental health of them is endangered. The aim of this study is investigating the relationship between self-objectification with resilience and self-compassion of female students of Islamic Azad university of Sabzevar. The present research was descriptive and correlative. The population of this study included all female students of Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar incoming in 2014 that were totally 647 individuals. Using accessible sampling method and with help of Cochran’s formula for sample size, 242 of persons were selected through Stratified random sampling method. The data was collected using McKinley& Hyde self-objectification scale, Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Neff self -compassion Scale. Pearson correlation and stepwise regression were used for analyzing data with SPSS18. The results showed that there were significant and negative correlation between self-objectification with resilience and self-compassion. In addition, it was found that component of self-objectification (body shame, body surveillance, appearance control) could respectively explain 31 Percent of variance of resilience and 18 Percent of self-compassion among students. Therefore, decreasing self-objectification can increase resilience and self-compassion among female students.