مجله مطالعات روانشناسی تربیتی
پیاپی 4 (شهریور 1385)

The current research was directed towards determining the social status of primary, middle, and high school teachers working in the province of Sistan and Baluchestan. The investigation was carried out on the pattern of the Descriptive Method. The opinions of 372 teachers hailing from different levels of learning in the 17 sectors of education in the province were cluster-randomly chosen. The significant social-status areas such as materiatistic and subsistent needs and security and social requirements were probed into. The findings disclosed that the dominant apprehension of the teachers was the obviation of their materialistic and subsistent needs and requirements. As far as this issue is concerned, there exists no meaningful difference. Regarding job-security, only 48.85% of the concerned teachers expressed their anxiety about the lacking of the job-security. This sense of job-insecurity prevails mostly among the teachers with a high-degree of education. The elements playing a vital role in the job-insecurity include: the fear of expression and criticism of various statements, fear of exposing the probable inefficiencies of the administrators running the organization, and the fear of the consequences of genuine and logical criticism of the management of the institution. As far as social needs of the teachers are concerned, there appeared no meaningful difference. The average materialistic, job-security, and social needs of the primary and middle school teachers showed no meaningful difference; however, the average among the secondary school teachers seemed lower than that of the two groups.

The goal of the present research is to investigate the development of the concept of Euclidean Space in deaf students as compared with hearing students. In this study, a total number of 100 individuals (50 deaf and 50 hearing students) were examined. The subjects of the examination included two groups of deaf students (25 boys and 25 girls) and two groups of hearing students (25 boys and 25 girls). The evaluation device in this research was the test of the visualization of the horizontal surface of water. In order to analyze the data, Kruskal, Wallice and Uman Witney Tests were used. The results of the findings, revealed no difference between deaf and hearing students in the development of the concept of Euclidean Space. However, the deaf boys had a better performance in the test of the visualization of the horizontal surface of water as compared with the deaf girls. Also, the results represented the fact that none of the four groups (deaf and hearing boys and girls) has acquired the full concept of the Euclidean Space, and the performance of the deaf girls in the test of the visualization of the horizontal surface of water was the weakest among the four groups.

The current research takes up for investigating the personality relations, depression and the physical-activity performance (athletics). For this purpose, among the various aspects of an individual the extroversion and introversion features have been considered and assessed by means of Personality Test (57 question). Similarly, the depression rates were measured and compared by means of Bick Test. Finally, the relations between the depressions of extroversion in the two test-groups were reviewed. The present research-tests have been completely randomly conducted within the two groups of sixty members each from the athletic and non-athletic-male students of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan. The extroversion-introversion rate, the depression level in the two test-groups of athletic and non-athletic students, and the calculation and the average numerical quantities obtained through student-t-test were compared, and as a result it was observed that at the alpha level 0.05, there exists no meaningful difference between extroversion and introversion athletic and non-athletic male students. No doubt, there was a meaningful difference in the depression levels, while the relations between extroversion-introversion and the depression tests were examined by means of the Pearson Correlation Test and it was discovered that there also exists no meaningful difference between the two.

Initially the purpose of this research work was to compare the effects of the two techniques of Static Stretch and Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretch with the help of proprioceptors on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Sixty girl-students for this purpose falling between 17 and 24 years of age with the non-dominant leg hamstring muscles flexibility having limitations (Active Knee Extension range of movement <70°) were randomly grouped into three categories namely Experimental Static (n = 20), Experimental PNF (n=20), and the Control Category (n=20). A 6-week-warm-up program, comprising light-running for all the three groups, a hamstring-muscle-stretch of the non-dominant leg on the tests of the Static-Experimental Group by means of Static Stretch Method, and on the basis of PNF Stretch in the PNF Experimental Group for 5-day-a-week was conducted. Flexibility of the hamstring muscles (movement range of the Active Knee Extension) of the non-dominant leg by utilizing Active Knee Extension Test measurement was carried out on all the three groups before starting the exercises and after the end of the exercises. The data were statistically reviewed and analyzed. The results revealed that the Static Stretch and the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretch(PNF) methods had their effects on the degree¬ of the flexibility of the hamstring muscles (Active Knee Movement Range Extension) non-dominant leg. Moreover, from statistical point of view, there has been no meaningful disparity between the effects of the two methods of Static Stretch and PNF on the degree of flexibility of hamstring muscles non-dominant leg.

The research in hand aims at surveying the obstacles and hindrances in areas of research activities carried out by government-run high-school teachers in the city of Isfahan. In the course of conducting their research, the organizational and educational hurdles as are faced by the high-school teachers were examined and compared. The method of investigation so benefited from has been the surveying method. Two strategies were adopted for gathering relevant information, one: a questionnaire, planned by the researcher, comprised twenty-nine packed questions on the Likert Scale and four open questions; two: interview of semi-organization with those teachers who had participated in research works. The statistical society embracing all the teachers of the government-run high schools of Isfahan. They were randomly picked up as statistical samples from amongst three zones out of five zones of the city of Isfahan. In addition, fourteen researchers were also interviewed in this connection.For analyzing and examining the data, such tests as are t-single sample, t-with two independent groups of t2 analysing variance and token were utilized for the purpose. The investigation findings revealed that the organizational and educational obstacles have had their effects on the non-conducting research works by the teachers.

The strategic planning is one of the approaches that have been adopted by many of the leaders and managers of the institutions as the modern policies for reducing the existing problems and enhancing the quality of the outcome and performance of the institutions. Strategic planning in every organization including educational departments depends on many factors. In the research in hand, the strategic thinking, the knowledge of managers and planners and the participation and consensus of the planning supporters as the effective and the factors paving the way for the accomplishment of the strategic planning in the department of education in the province of Isfahan have been examined. The research is a descriptive survey. The statistical research-society comprises all the managers, planners, and experts in the education departments of Isfahan province numbering to 1593 individuals. In the selection of the sample the Clustering and Stratified Sampling, commensurate with the volume, has been utilized. Amongst managers, planners, and experts, 220 individuals were singled out as the sample. The device for data collecting has been the construct validity of an open-ended questionnaire. The admissibility of the questionnaire was evaluated by means of an elementary study. For designating the fundamentals of the questionnaire, Alpha was used, and its quantity was assessed at 0.96%. The data was analysed by using the SPSS software. The results of the research displayed that the responders of all the factors in this research stand effective in the accomplishment of the strategic planning, and according to their sequence of factors, the strategic thinking has been at a mean of 2.9%, knowledge at a mean of 2.84%, while participation and consensus at a mean of 2.76% have been assessed in the accomplishment of strategic planning.

The importance of marriage is no secrecy. One can say with certainty that every young man is desirous to enter the union of marriage and to bring about a family-set-up. The sextual instinct calls him for an early action to this effect. It seems essential that the sooner the demands of nature met and the core of the family formed the better the results are. However, in practice things are quite contrary to the fact, and there are hurdles barricading the path of the youngs to the marriage. This state of affairs promotes the deferring of the desired and natural age of marriage-maturity to an older and a later age. The research in hand aims at probing into the obstacles in the way of the girl's marriage and offers appropriate methods to overcome this Social dilemma. The current investigation is based on the Background Method. The statistical society of the research comprises all the girl-students studying in their second semester of the academic Solar Year 1384-85 in the University of Sistan and Baluchestan. The sampling method has been the method of stratified random sampling with 305 individual students answering the structured-response questionnaire. For analyzing the data of the research, the Descriptive Statistics (frequency, per cent, table, chart) and the Statistical Inference (mono-chi-square variable) have been used for this purpose. The results of the investigation showed that every five-factors involved in the research namely economic factors, cultural factors, social factors, indifference of the concerned authorities, and the incapability of the youngs in removing the obstacles of the girls marriages, have been effective from the responder's point of view.

The purpose of conducting the present research work is to probe into the ties existing between the self-concept and self-esteem among the creative and unimaginative students. The statistical society of this investigation comprises the students of the Faculty of Education in the University of Shiraz. The research model included a hundred students group picked up from amongst the students of graduate classes and the selection took place randomly from different disciplines on the basis of a numerical table. The evaluation device in this research work was Abidi's creativity regarding the distinction between the creative students and unimaginative students and Roger's self-concept text regarding variable evaluation of self-concept students. Similarly for assessing the degree of self-esteem, the Cooper Smith self-esteem test-was used. In this investigation, the methods of mean statistics, standard deviation, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, T-Test for independent models and analysis of the multi-variance was utilized. The results of the investigation revealed that: there exists a meaningful (P<0/001) difference between the average marks secured by the self-concept and self-esteem creative and unimaginative students. Likewise the results showed that the creative students secured higher marks than the unimaginative students in the two variances of self-concept and the self-esteem (P<0.007,P< 0.017). On the whole, the results displayed that there exists a meaningful relations between the self-concept group and self-esteem group-(P<0.05). On the basis of the outcome, it can be inferred that the self-esteem is one of the positive features of personality and subordinate to the self-concept of every individual in a way that the positive self-concept along with a successful performance enhances the self-esteem.