مجله مطالعات روانشناسی تربیتی
پیاپی 22 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

ailed students in a course or more is an experience which causes crisis that can have lasting effect on mental and personal and educational problems of student beside adolescence`s crisis. That`s why, evaluating the effect of different interventions on psychological and characteristics of students have been paid attention by educational psychologists. Aimed of this study, the effect of positivist psychology interference on self-esteem, self -concept, and academic achievement, 29 girl students of first grade high school of Semnan city who had to repeat their exam at least in one subject in school year 2011-2012 (hereafter called re-exam students) had been randomly selected and taken into one of the experimental or control group randomly. In the researching design the subjects answered the questions of self-esteem and self- concept. The average grades of the subjects the re-exam students
obtained in June (the grades below 10) and the average of the same subjects obtained in re-exam administrated in Sep. were considered as the pretest and post test scores respectively in educational failure. The statistic analysis showed the average educational failure, self esteem and some of the self concept subscales in experimental group was meaningfully higher than the average of this variables
in control group.

Despites modern human being attempts to live in harmony with today's challenging and complex social environment, inevitably it has to bear pressure at work which leads to "burnout". In this process only those can experience a high degree of stress without the disease that have a different personality structure than others. The purpose of this study was to examine the "Relationship between hardiness and job burnout among Semnan school administrators and teachers in academic year 91-92. This survey is a descriptive and correlative study. Statistical population included all administrators and teachers of primary and secondary schools with total of 950 people of which a sample of 278 people were selected through stratified random sampling with the use of Morgan table. Data was collected by two standard questionnaires of hardiness (Kobassa) and job burnout (Maslach) and data was analyzed using SPSS software and lisrel, t-test and factorial analysis. Results indicated burnout (0.58), emotional exhaustion (0.62), depersonalization (0.39) and personal success (0.50) can have a significantly positive effect on teacher's burnout. It is recommended hardiness exams administered before hiring teachers and administrators, holding training courses concerning job burnout reduction for administrators and teachers and creation of happy environment for teachers and administrators by educational authorities.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and the attitude toward the usage of the active methods of teaching. The Statistical society of this study was all faculty members of the universities of Golestan Province. The sample consisted of 460 people, which, according to a stratified random selection have been studied. The study was correlation and the research method used in this study was survey. Required data collected using a researcher-made and standardized questionnaire (Dennison) and processed and analyzed using SPSS software. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire is verified using the formal validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient respectively. The results showed a significant relationship between organizational culture (and its dimensions) and the attitude toward the usage of the active methods of teaching. The control of the variables such as gender, marital status, type of university, Indigenous status, and place of birth did not affect the relationship between two variables

With regards to the importance of creativity during the primary school, and with regards to the theories of affective and emotional development, the present study investigated the current status and future perspectives of intended curriculum in educational system of Iranian primary schools. We explored the direct and indirect upstream documents related to creativity. The study method was based on comparative and content analysis. Context unit and recording unit content were used to excavate upstream documents through comprehensive, total population sampling. To identify the upstream documents, we sought expert's opinion from university professors and experienced research staff of Iranian Ministry of Education. The results of scrutinizing the upstream documents indicated propotion of the only a littel documents were related to the issue of creativity at primary schools. To conclud, with the national curriculum having the least propotion.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of two-dimensional and three-dimensional computer games on spatial abilities. Spatial ability or the mind's eye is the ability of solving the problems through mental images and the ability of thinking visually or the ability of visualizing three-dimensionality.
175 male student and 80 female students of second elementary school from district 2 of Esfahan city participated in this study. The students were randomly divided into six groups (two-dimensional game play, three-dimensional) and control groups. Initially, each group was evaluated by Reven's Progressive Matrices test and then they play the two-dimensional and three-dimensional Tetris game in the 6 sessions of 20 minutes a day. At the end of program the post- test was used for all groups. The data were analyzed by t-test and factorial design.
Findings: the results of pre- and post-test showed that spatial ability of males (boys) is more than females (girls). The result showed that two-dimensional games more than three-dimensional games increase spatial ability; also computer games increase the spatial ability.
Computer games can increase the spatial ability that is greatly influenced in math, geometry, physics and chemistry.

The present of this study was to investigate the relationships of Multivariate social goals orientation with depression and social anxiety in female undergraduate students of Shahid Chamran University. The participants of this study were 225 female students, who were selected by multistage random sampling method. The instruments used in this study were the Social Achievement Goals Orientation Scale (SAGOS), Social Anxiety Inventory (SAD) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Data were analyzed, using person correlation and multiple regressions. The regression analysis showed that the social achievement goals (mastery approach, performance approach and performance- avoidance) social performance-avoidance and social performance-approach have important roles in predicted depression. In addition that the social achievement goals (mastery approach, performance approach and performance- avoidance) social performance- goal have important roles in predicted social anxiety. Results of Canonical analysis showed that there is a significant multiple correlations between linear combination of social goal orientation components (mastery, performance-approach and performance-avoidance) with a linear combination of depression and Social anxiety.

This research was done with the purpose of the study of relationship of perfectionism & goal orientation to predict of academic burnout in students of public universities of Qazvin City. The method of research is correlation. Participants were 124 girl & boy students (in various majors) that selected by convenience sampling from the public universities of Qazvin City. For data collection, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale of Hewitt & Flett, Goal Orientation Scale of Elliot & McGregor & Breso Academic Burnout Inventory were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation test & stepwise regression analysis. Results showed positive significant correlation between socially prescribed perfectionism & academic burnout, as if this dimension explains 9% of variance academic burnout. Also, there was negative significant correlation between Approach- Performance goal & Mastery Avoidance with academic burnout and positive correlation between Performance-Avoidance & academic burnout. The results showed that Mastery Avoidance 10.6% and subscales of mastery avoidance, performance-approach and performance-avoidance totally explain 19.8% of the variance of academic burnout. Perfectionism and goal orientation play important role in the learning process, thus outlining the actual, challenging & accessible goals for students plays an important role in the future performance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal model of relationship between religious attitude, happiness, pleasure, and mental health in students. The sample of this study were 175 students of university of Isfahan that selected by multistage sampling. Religious attitude questionnaire, Oxford Happiness questionnaire (OHQ), Snaith - Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), were used as instrument of the study. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics and path analysis. Base on the results, the causal model of relationship between religious attitude, happiness, pleasure and mental health, confirmed through goodness of model fit in fitness indexes. The model showed that religious attitude was directly related to pleasure, pleasure was directly related to happiness, pleasure was directly related to mental health, and happiness was directly related to mental health. Also this model showed indirect relation between religious attitude and mental health, through pleasure and happiness. Base on the result of this study, it is important to consider the role of happiness and pleasure in investigation the relationship between religious attitude and mental health.