فهرست مطالب

Child Neurology - Volume:2 Issue: 3, Summer 2008

Iranian Journal of Child Neurology (IJCN)
Volume:2 Issue: 3, Summer 2008

  • 70 صفحه، بهای روی جلد: 30,000ريال
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1387/05/15
  • تعداد عناوین: 11
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  • Joseph G. Gleeson Page 7
    Objective
    Development is a complex process, completed over a specific period of time, through the maturation of the nervous system. It is affected by genetic, ethnic,nutritional, social, and economic factors; one of the environmental factors affecting the acquisition of motor skills in infants is the use of baby walkers. Since this device is very commonly used for infants in our country, we conducted this study to evaluate its effects on the acquisition of motor skills in this age group of children.
    Materials and Methods
    This longitudinal study was conducted in 2005 on 300 infants referring to the Primary Health Care Centers of Kashan district in 1384; the infants were divided into two groups of 150 babies each, with the case group using baby walkers, while the other 150, the controls, did not. All babies were followed for two years, and the ages for acquisition of motor skills were documented during face-to face or telephone interviews with the parents. Data were analyzed using the T-test and the Chi Square test.
    Results
    Of the study population, 175 babies (58.33%) were male. The mean age of acquisition of motor skills including rolling, crawling, moving on hands and feet, sitting without and with help, standing and walking dependently and independently were found to be delayed in infants using baby walkers, a difference between the two groups of walker users and non- walker users that was statistically significant (P<0.001).
    Conclusion
    Considering the adverse effects that walkers have on the acquisition of motor skills in infants, as demonstrated by the results of this study, we do not recommend the use of baby walkers in infants.
  • A.Talebian, A.Honarpishe, A.Taghavi, E.Fakharian, M.Parsa, G.A.Mousavi Page 15
    Objective
    Development is a complex process, completed over a specific period of time, through the maturation of the nervous system. It is affected by genetic, ethnic,nutritional, social, and economic factors; one of the environmental factors affecting the acquisition of motor skills in infants is the use of baby walkers. Since this device is very commonly used for infants in our country, we conducted this study to evaluate its effects on the acquisition of motor skills in this age group of children.
    Materials and Methods
    This longitudinal study was conducted in 2005 on 300 infants referring to the Primary Health Care Centers of Kashan district in 1384; the infants were divided into two groups of 150 babies each, with the case group using baby walkers, while the other 150, the controls, did not. All babies were followed for two years, and the ages for acquisition of motor skills were documented during face-to face or telephone interviews with the parents. Data were analyzed using the T-test and the Chi Square test.
    Results
    Of the study population, 175 babies (58.33%) were male. The mean age of acquisition of motor skills including rolling, crawling, moving on hands and feet, sitting without and with help, standing and walking dependently and independently were found to be delayed in infants using baby walkers, a difference between the two groups of walker users and non- walker users that was statistically significant (P<0.001).
    Conclusion
    Considering the adverse effects that walkers have on the acquisition of motor skills in infants, as demonstrated by the results of this study, we do not recommend the use of baby walkers in infants.
  • I.Abdi Rad, H.R.Farrokh, Islamlou, M.Khoshkalam Page 19
    Objective
    Neural tube defects including anencephaly, encephalocele, and spina bifida are major congenital malformations with multifactorial etiology, and with a great variation in their prevalence in different populations. The study on the prevalence of these malformations may be helpful in planning strategies for their prevention. The aim of this epidemiologic descriptive study was to determine the prevalence of neural tube defects and to describe their birth characteristics in Motahhari hospital, Urmia, West Azerbaijan.
    Materials And Methods
    A cross-section observational study was carried on the hospital-based charts of consecutive 13997 live-births and 124 stillbirths during the period January 2001 through June 2005. The defects categorized based on the domains of anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele according to standard definitions.
    Results
    During this period, 117 cases were detected with neural tube defects, giving an overall prevalence of 8.29/1000. Of 117 cases, 81 (69.23%) cases were seen among stillbirths and 36 (30.77%) cases among live-births, that is, the prevalence of neural tube defects for stillbirths and live-births were 653.2/1000 and 2.57/1000 respectively. The yearly prevalence varies between 6.99/1000 and 9.82/1000 over the 4.5-year period. The major lesion was anencephaly with prevalence of 5.52/1000 (66.67% of all neural tube defects). Approximately, two-thirds (66.09%) of cases were found in females. Weights of 73.36% of anencephalic cases wereless than 1000 grams.
    Conclusion
    In this study, the prevalence of neural tube defects is among the highest reported rates. There was a significance difference in the prevalence of anencephaly, as the most prevalent NTD, between live-births and stillbirths. These findings may necessitate an intensive approach to periconceptional folic acid supplementation as a possible strategy to reduce the prevalence of these defects.
  • F. Jadali, A.Almasi, A.Gharib, A.Zali, H.R.Mohammadi, A.Farza Page 33
    Objective
    Febrile convulsions (FC) are the most common convulsive events in childhood, occurring in 2-5% of children. About one third of these children will have a recurrence during a subsequent febrile infection. This sudden neurologic problem is extremely frightening and emotionally traumatic for parents so some physicians try to prevent recurrence of FC by prescribing different drugs.
    Materials And Methods
    This is a randomized clinical trial in 85 healthy children, aged 6 months to 5 years, who were not treated before. These children received randomly either oral diazepam (0.33 mg/kg/TDS for two days during febrile illness) or continuous oral Phenobarbital (3-5mg/kg /24 h).
    Results
    Ultimately 64 patients completed the study and were followed up for an average of 13 months (12-18 months). The rate of recurrence of febrile seizure was 18.2% in diazepam group and 32.3% in Phenobarbital group; the difference is not statistically significant (p=0.16).
    Conclusion
    There was no significant difference between intermittent oral diazepam and continuous oral Phenobarbital for FC prevention.
  • N.Beyraghi, B.Hatamian, A.Vesal, S.H.Tonekaboni Page 37
    Objective
    Febrile convulsions (FC) are the most common convulsive events in childhood, occurring in 2-5% of children. About one third of these children will have a recurrence during a subsequent febrile infection. This sudden neurologic problem is extremely frightening and emotionally traumatic for parents so some physicians try to prevent recurrence of FC by prescribing different drugs.
    Materials And Methods
    This is a randomized clinical trial in 85 healthy children, aged 6 months to 5 years, who were not treated before. These children received randomly either oral diazepam (0.33 mg/kg/TDS for two days during febrile illness) or continuous oral Phenobarbital (3-5mg/kg /24 h).
    Results
    Ultimately 64 patients completed the study and were followed up for an average of 13 months (12-18 months). The rate of recurrence of febrile seizure was 18.2% in diazepam group and 32.3% in Phenobarbital group; the difference is not statistically significant (p=0.16).
    Conclusion
    There was no significant difference between intermittent oral diazepam and continuous oral Phenobarbital for FC prevention.
  • M.Izadi, M.M.Tahgdiri, Gh, Bagheri, H.Samarkhalaj, D.Khorshidi, S.Namdar Page 41
    Objective
    Children suffering from Cerebral Palsy (CP), exhibit movement limitations and physiological abnormalities as compared to normal individuals.The objective of this study was to assess mechanical efficiency and certain cardiovascular indices before and after an exercise-rehabilitation program in children with dipelegia spastic cerebral palsy (experimental group) in comparison with able-bodied children(controls).
    Material And Methods
    In this study, 15 spastic cerebral palsy (dipelegic) children participated in an exercise-rehabilitation program, three days a week for three months with an average 144bpm of heart rate. The mechanical efficiency (net, gross), rest and submaximal heart rate and maximal oxygen consumption(VO2max) weremeasured before (pretest) and after (posttest) exercise program on the cycle ergometer according to the Macmaster ergometer protocol. Then control group, of 18 normal children underwent the exercise program and were assessed, following which results of the 2 groups were compared using SPSS for statistical analysis (P<0.05).
    Results
    Mechanical efficiency (net, gross) increased significantly in CP patients after the exercise-rehabilitation program; reults did not alter significantly for the controls.Rest and submaximal heart rate in CP patients decreased significantly after exercise program. Maximal oxygen consumption, which remained unchanged in patients following the exercise program, was similar in patients and controls after the program.
    Conclusion
    Cerebral palsy patients, because of their high muscle tone, severe degree of spasticity, and involuntary movements are physically more incapacitated and need more energy than normal able-bodied individuals.Rehabilitation and aerobic exercise can be effective in improving their cardiovascular fitness and muscle function and increasing their mechanical efficiency.
  • M.R.Salehi Omran, A.Ghabeli Juibary Page 49
    Pfeiffer Syndrome is as rare as Apert syndrome in the Western population. This condition is very rare in the Asian population. At the best of our knowledge this is the first genetically proven case report from Iran. The authors report with a review of literature, the case of a infant with Pfeiffer syndrome, manifested by Lacunar skull, ventriculomegaly, bicoronal craniosynostosis,frontal bossing, shallow orbits, parrot-like nose, umbilical hernia, broad and medially deviated great toes.
  • N.Khosroshahi, N.Kamrani Page 53
    This article reports on an 5-month-old infant who was admitted to our hospital for prolonged fever, focal status epilepticus and encephalopathy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a single hyperintense lesion in right putamen in T2-weighted images. A diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was made based on the clinical features, treatment response and clinical course. An executive literature review revealed a few cases under the age of one year. This patient is the youngest are who is reported from Iran.
  • Z.Razvani Page 57
    The diagnosis of de Morsier syndrome or septo-optic dysplasia is made on the basis of the diagnosis of optic nerve hypoplasia. Septo-optic dysplasia is defined by a variable combination of dysgenesis of midline brain structures including optic nerve hypoplasia and hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction often associated with a wide variety of brain malformations of cortical development. The importance of direct ophthalmoscopy of optic nerve abnormalities is stressed, as well as of magnetic resonance imaging, which has become a guideline in the classification of this syndrome This article reports a 19-year-old female with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia,anterior encephalocele and intact septum pellucidum. She was diagnosed withdiabetes insipidus, short stature and the history of seizure.
  • Sh.Salehpour, S.Sake T., M.Houshmand Page 61
    Pfeiffer Syndrome is as rare as Apert syndrome in the Western population. This condition is very rare in the Asian population. At the best of our knowledge this is the first genetically proven case report from Iran. The authors report with a review of literature, the case of a infant with Pfeiffer syndrome, manifested by Lacunar skull, ventriculomegaly, bicoronal craniosynostosis,frontal bossing, shallow orbits, parrot-like nose, umbilical hernia, broad and medially deviated great toes.