فصلنامه روان شناسی و دین
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 13، بهار 1390)

The present research tries to investigate the distinguished characteristics of the individuals the martyred commanders of Kerman. 75 biographies of these commanders have been studied, and a content analysis is made. The research findings show that %65.8 of these commanders has the Maslow’s Meta transcendent motivations and most transcendent motivation (%87.6) has to do with truthfulness and benevolence and the least transcendent motivation (%24) has to do with uniqueness (individuality). Furthermore, %63.7 of the martyred commanders has exceptional characteristics most of which (%100) is related to resistance against dominant culture. The correlation coefficient between transcendent motivation and exptional characteristics is %68.9.

The present research aims at comparing the effectiveness of utterly monotheistic group therapy and that of cognitive –behavioral group therapy in reducing the stress of the wives of the wounded soldiers who have post traumatic stress disorder. The research is semi-experimental, and constitutes pre-test, post-test, and follow –up procedures. The statistical population is the wives of the wounded soldiers from Mashhad who have post traumatic stress disorder. 24 subjects were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. The two groups were tested by a utterly monotheistic group therapy and cognitive – behavioral group therapy over ten two-hour sessions, while the control group received no therapy. The subjects were evaluated by a DASS – 21 questionnaire in the three stages: pre-test, post- test, and a one-month follow up. The research findings based on variance-analysis method and repeated measurements demonstrate the effectiveness of the utterly monotheistic group therapy and cognitive-behavioral group in reducing stress. Furthermore, the results show that there is no significant difference between utterly monotheistic group therapy and cognitive-behavioral group therapy in reducing the stress of the wives of the wounded soldiers suffering from post traumatic stress disorder.

The present research tries through an experimental method to investigate the influence of cognitive – behavioral group counseling on increasing the spirituality and mental health of MS patients in Qom, with emphasis on spiritual thoughts. The statistical population is all MS patients – men and women, aged from 18 to 35, from Qom whose illness recurs regularly, who have no psychological disorders and whose level of proficiency is above diploma. Random sampling is used to select 40 MS patients from among 418 MS patients in Qom (20 for experimental group and 20 for control group). Before the session the subjects answered the test on mental health scales designed for MS patients and daily spirituality measurement scale. The test results show that there is a significant correlation between attending cognitive – behavioral group counseling sessions which emphasize on spiritual thoughts and increase in spirituality and mental health. It is anticipated that attending cognitive-behavioral group counseling sessions which emphasize on spiritual thoughts will contribute to increasing patients’ mental health and spirituality.

The present research aims at comparing "transliminality" and consciousness processes which are rooted in the activities of frontal lobe taking into account the gender role, as well. So, 266 university students filled out questionnaires of self-cognition processes which included consciousness, cohesive self-cognition, and self-control. Data analysis shows that women have higher scores on "transliminality". Furthermore, the relationship between self-cognition processes is positive and strong, but the relation of subjects’ scores on "transliminality" scale with self-cognition processes is negative. According to these findings, "transliminality" - a kind of consciousness rooted in temporal lobe - has a reciprocity relation with self-cognition processes - which are forms of consciousness related to frontal lobe. Women’s higher scores on "transliminality" are ascribed to their higher spiritual tendencies.

The present research aims at investigating the relationship of parents’ religiosity with high school boys’ violence. In this survey a questionnaire was submitied to 385 high school students from Yazd who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and asked to fill out this questionnaire. The research findings show that there is a negative and significant relationship between the parents’ religiosity and their children’s violence, that is, the more religious the parents, the less violence. In the case of the degree of father’s religiosity, this correlation seems more significant. Therefore, promoting and strengthening parents’ religious beliefs can have an influential role in decreasing deviant behavior including violence.

The present research aims at identifying the relationship between religiosity and social support among university students. The research method is correlative. 800 students were selected through cluster sampling from among Azad Islamic university. Ma’badGolzari’s questionnaire and social support questionnaire of Alan Vaux et.al were used to assess the research variables. Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Z-test, and T-test were used to analyze the data. The research findings show that there is a significant relationship between religiosity and social support. The relationship between religiosity and social support in male student and in female students is the same. Female students are more religious than male students, but no significant difference is noticed in their social support. Enjoying the social support is one of the most important components of people’s mental health. According to the findings of the present research, promoting and strengthening students’ religiosity along with their full acquaintance with religious doctrines can contribute to promoting social support for them.

The present research seeks to investigate the relationship between performance of ritual prayers and university students’ general health. In this research, “general physical health, anxiety, social function, and depression” as the criteria of general health are investigated; and students’ behavioral, cognitive and emotional (attitudes and feelings) variables in the performance of prayers as intervening variables are studied. In the research sample 230 students from Kerman universities were selected to fill out the questionnaire on general health and researcher – made questionnaire on prayers. The research findings show that on the scales of general health questionnaire (except for the disorder in social function) there is a significant difference between the scores of the students who perform prayers and the scores of those who do not perform prayers. Also, there is a significant correlation between physical symptoms, anxiety, and insomnia, on the one hand and the behavioral aspect of performance of prayers, on the other hand. These findings also show that there is a significant correlation between depression and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of prayers, (p<0.01). Furthermore, a significant difference is found between male students and female students on depression scale and in the aspects of the three obligatory prayers.