فصلنامه روان شناسی و دین
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، بهار 1391)

The present paper tries to offer a new model for studying personality by referring to religious doctrines; a model through which the structure, genesis, and of personality can be explained. The research uses descriptive- analytical method. First, an attempt was made to recognize the fundamental concepts of the model we find in religious texts. Then, the relationship between these concepts within a logical framework was examined in order to identify the basic components of personality structure. The research findings indicate that the fundamental concepts included in religious texts were soul, nature, intellect, heart, and ignorance, and that soul indicate the primary structure of personality which embodies such elements as intellect, heart, and ignorance. These elements interact with each other, and then the whole organism interacts with the environmental agents. This mutual interaction shows the interactive and dynamic aspect of personality and its outcome is something called personality formation.

The present paper aims at determining the extent to which teaching Islam- oriented couple therapy can influence spouses'' marriage commitment in Arak. The research used a semi-experimental method that has the form of pre-test، post-test and control group. Statistical population included all the parents of the female students in elementary school in Arak for the academic year of 1389-1390 (2010-2011). The sample group included 30 spouses selected form the statistical population. They were selected through simple random sampling and arranged into an experimental group (15 couples) and control groups (15 couples). The measurement tool was a questionnaire about marriage commitment. The independent variable was Islamic-oriented couple therapy which was taught to experimental group in seven sessions. The findings were analyzed by SPSS software and through covariance analysis. The results show that teaching Islamic-oriented couple therapy increases spouses'' marriage commitment and its scope، i. e. couples personal، moral and structural commitments (p<0/001).

The present paper aims at analyzing and comparing the application of Islamic family-based teachings in stable and broken homes in Isfahan. The research method was survey study. The statistical population included two types of families: 1- those who had never been to family court nor intended to attend it، were contented with their lives and none of them had ever been to jail. They were selected as stable homes; 2- Those that had appeared in family court in the past five years and one or more of whose members were in jail for delinquency، illegal drugs، economic offences، etc. they were selected as broken homes. A sample of 200 healthy families and a sample of 200 broken families were selected on the basis of availability. They completed a researcher-made questionnaire (called Religious Behavior in Family Ques tionnaire). The data were analyzed through SPSS software and t-test. The results show that the mean differences between the stable home and the broken home were significant in all sub-scales. Furthermore، the obtained t was significant in all sub-categories at the level of (p<0/01).

The present paper aims at making a comparative study into the relationship of religious orientation (intrinsic and extrinsic) with mental health and illogical beliefs. The statistical population consists all students of ''Allamah Tabatabaii University. A sample including 216 students completed a questionnaire on Test (IBT) general health، Jones illogical Beliefs which was conducted in Ahwaz، and Allport''s questionnaire on religious orientation (intrinsic and extrinsic). The data were analyzed by such statistical indexes as mean، standard deviation، correlation، regression، and multivariate analysis of variance. The results show that intrinsic religious orientation has a negative and significant relationship with sub-factor of emotional irresponsibility but a positive and significant relationship with mental health، and that these two kinds of relationships can be predicted. Furthermore، intrinsic religious orientation has a positive and significant relationship with symptoms of anxiety and extrinsic religious orientation a negative and significant relationship with them. These kinds of relationships were predictable and the factors of illogical beliefs could predict students'' mental health. MANOVA test showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students in terms of religious orientation. In brief، we can conclude that only through religious orientation mental health and illogical beliefs can be improved.

The present study aims at specifying the variables in attracting high school students to communal prayer from the school staff''s Parspective. The sample includes 247 school staff members selected from among teachers، religious trainers، prayer leaders، schoolmasters، and assistants at senior high school in Ardabil Province for the academic year 1389-1390 (2010-2011)، and a multi-stage sampling is used in this study. The research method was descriptive–correlational method and a questionnaire about evaluating the factors of the tendency among students to attend communal prayer at school was used. The results of the exploratory factor analysis show that، from the eyes of staff members، seven factors which have a significant factor value were detected. Considering، their priority of importance Seven factors were detected in attracting studunts toward Communal prayer: good relation of teachers and religious trainers with students، physical facilities available in the school and prayer hall، personal and family faith، a student’s peers، socio-economic condition of family، media propaganda، and gender and grade.

Two research projects were conducted to investigate the relationship between gratitude to God with personality، well-being and mental health factors. In the first one، 189 university students completed the international personality item pool، Ryff’s psychological well-being scales، satisfaction with life scale، subjective happiness scale، and gratitude to God questionnaire. In the second one، 130 university students completed the abbreviated version of international personality item pool، anxiety and depression scale، and a questionnaire about gratitude to God. The findings of the first research show that ‘gratitude towards God’ has a positive correlation with all subcategories of psychological well-being، subjective happiness، and personality (except autonomy and extraversion). The results of the second research show that ‘gratitude towards God’ has a positive relationship with conscientiousness and emotional constancy but a negative one with depression and anxiety. These findings prove that gratitude to God has a positive role in well-being and mental health.

The present paper aims at investigating the relationship between self-respect and empathy among junior high school third grade students، using a survey method. The statistical population included third- year high School students (male and female) in Qom city for academic year 1386-1387 (2007-2008). The Sample used in this Survoy included 220 male and female students selected from the statistical population and stratified random sampling was used in this survey. The research findings show that there is no significant relationship between self-respect and empathy variables. However، there is a negative and significant relationship between self-respect and its subscales and the subscale of personal grief. Furthermore، there is a positive and significant relationship between self-respect and its subscales and the subscale of attitude-accepting. These findings show that gender influenced the rate of empathy and female students’ empathy is higher than that of male students.